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HIV viral load, CD4 count, and other tests were performed. Statistical analysis was used to determine the predictors of virological failure.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Clinical stage, treatment with reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs), under therapy for three years or more, suboptimal adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART), age\u2009&gt;\u200940 years, CD4 count\u2009&lt;\u2009200 cells\/mm3, unemployment, being infected through sex, and the presence of symptoms were the predominant risk factors for virological failure. In addition, 55% of patients who experienced virological failure failed to experience immunological and\/or clinical failure.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>As the first study in southern Iran and the second in Iran, Iranian policymakers should focus on intensive counseling and adherence support and emphasize more effective treatment regimens such as protease and integrase inhibitors (PIs and INTIs), to increase the chance of a treatment response to ART. The accuracy of identifying clinical and immunological criteria in resource-limited settings is not promising. The present findings can be used to determine effective measures to control HIV treatment failure and design efficient strategies for the ambitious 95\u201395\u201395 plan.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09251-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]],"date-time":"2024-03-28T10:01:53Z","timestamp":1711620113000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Predictors of antiretroviral treatment failure to the first line therapy: a cross-sectional study among Iranian HIV-positive adults"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Ava","family":"Hashempour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nastaran","family":"Khodadad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Ziaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Behzad","family":"Rezaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Farzaneh","family":"Ghasabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahab","family":"Falahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azra","family":"Kenarkouhi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Ali","family":"Davarpanah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"9251_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.1007\/s10989-019-10002-9","volume":"26","author":"B Dehghani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dehghani B, Hasanshahi Z, Hashempour T. 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