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It can lead to cervicitis, urethritis, and infertility. This study was conducted to determine the characteristics of genital <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic> infection among women attending to the infertility and gynecology clinics.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Endocervical swabs were collected from 8,221 women for <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic> nucleotide screening and genotyping, while serum samples were collected for <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic> pgp3 antibody determination using luciferase immunosorbent assays.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>High <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic> DNA prevalence (3.76%) and seroprevalence (47.46%) rates were found, with genotype E (27.5%) being the most prevalent. <jats:italic>C. trachomatis omp1<\/jats:italic> sense mutation was associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) (odds ratio [OR]\u2009=\u20096.033, 95% confidence interval [CI]\u2009=\u20091.219\u201339.185, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.045). No significant differences in <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic> seroprevalence rates were observed between women with detectable <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic> DNA in the infertility and routine physical examination groups (86.67% vs. 95%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&gt;\u20090.05); however, among women with negative <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic> DNA, the former group had a markedly higher seroprevalence than the latter group (56.74% vs. 20.17%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic> DNA, but not pgp3 antibody, was significantly associated with CIN (OR\u2009=\u20094.087, 95% CI\u2009=\u20092.284\u20137.315, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Our results revealed a high prevalence, particularly seroprevalence, of <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic> among women with infertility. Furthermore, we found an association between <jats:italic>C. trachomatis omp1<\/jats:italic> sense mutations and CIN. Therefore, <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic> serves as a risk factor for CIN.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09254-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]],"date-time":"2024-04-15T14:02:29Z","timestamp":1713189749000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Characterization of genital chlamydia trachomatis infection among women attending infertility and gynecology clinics in Hunan, China"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Qianting","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lipei","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuling","family":"Min","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixiu","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yinglan","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Song","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shixing","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongliang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"9254_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4477","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.902756","volume":"23","author":"Y Chen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chen Y, Chen J, Yang L, Jiang Y, Li L, Yi W, et al. 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