{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,11]],"date-time":"2026-11-11T05:18:04Z","timestamp":1794374284578,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712102400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]],"date-time":"2024-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712102400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n Bloodstream infections (BSI) are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in children in developing countries. The purpose of the current study was to establish the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates from bloodstream infections at Children\u2019s Medical Center Hospital (CMC), Tehran, Iran.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n We retrospectively recorded all positive blood cultures and antimicrobial susceptibility of all bloodstream isolates among children admitted to CMC, during 5 years. Specimen culture, bacterial identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing were performed according to standard laboratory methods.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n From 3,179 pathogens isolated from the blood cultures 2,824 bacteria were cultured, with 1,312 cases being identified as Gram-positive bacteria (46%) and 1,512 cases as Gram-negative bacteria (54%). The most common Gram-negative bacteria isolated were as follows:\n Pseudomonas<\/jats:italic>\n spp. (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009266, 17.6%),\n Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009242, 16%),\n Stenotrophomonas maltophilia<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009204, 13.5%), Enterobacter\n spp<\/jats:italic>\n . (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009164, 10.8%),\n Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009159, 10.5%),\n Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009126, 8.3%),\n Serratia marcescens<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009121, 8%), and\n Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200973, 4.8%). The most common Gram-positive bacteria isolated were coagulase-negative staphylococci (CONS) (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009697, 53%), Streptococcus\n spp<\/jats:italic>\n . (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009237, 18%),\n Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic>\n (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009202, 15%) and Enterococcus\n spp<\/jats:italic>\n . (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009167, 12.7%). 34% of bacterial strains were isolated from ICUs. The rates of methicillin resistance in\n S. aureus<\/jats:italic>\n and CONS were 34% and 91%, respectively.\n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n isolates showed high resistance to cefotaxime (84%). All isolates of\n K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n were susceptible to colistin and 56% were susceptible to imipenem.\n P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n isolates showed high susceptibility to all antibiotics.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Our findings emphasize the need of clinicians having access to up-to-date bacterial susceptibility data for routinely prescribed drugs. Continuous monitoring of changes in bacterial resistance will aid in the establishment of national priorities for local intervention initiatives in Iran. The increased risk of BSI caused by antibiotic-resistant organisms, emphasizes the significance of implementing appropriate antibiotic prescribing regulations and developing innovative vaccination techniques in Iran.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09260-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,2]],"date-time":"2024-04-02T23:41:47Z","timestamp":1712101307000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Bacterial etiology and antimicrobial resistance pattern of pediatric bloodstream infections: a 5-year experience in an Iranian referral hospital"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Sadaf","family":"Sajedi Moghaddam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Setareh","family":"Mamishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Babak","family":"Pourakbari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shima","family":"Mahmoudi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"9260_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000003013","volume":"40","author":"CM Thaulow","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thaulow CM, Lindemann PC, Klingenberg C, Berild D, Salvesen Blix H, Myklebust T\u00c5, et al. 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