{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T03:59:13Z","timestamp":1788667153157,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715904000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study aims were to evaluate the species distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile of Gram-negative pathogens isolated from specimens of intra-abdominal infections (IAI), urinary tract infections (UTI), respiratory tract infections (RTI), and blood stream infections (BSI) in emergency departments (EDs) in China.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>From 2016 to 2019, 656 isolates were collected from 18 hospitals across China. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by CLSI broth microdilution and interpreted according to CLSI M100 (2021) guidelines. In addition, organ-specific weighted incidence antibiograms (OSWIAs) were constructed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>) and<jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>) were the most common pathogens isolated from BSI, IAI and UTI, accounting for 80% of the Gram-negative clinical isolates, while<jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>(<jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>) was mainly isolated from RTI.<jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>showed\u2009&lt;\u200910% resistance rates to amikacin, colistin,\u00a0ertapenem, imipenem, meropenem and piperacillin\/tazobactam.<jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>exhibited low resistance rates only to colistin (6.4%) and\u00a0amikacin\u00a0(17.5%) with resistance rates of 25\u201329% to carbapenems.<jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>exhibited low resistance rates only to amikacin (13.4%), colistin (11.6%), and tobramycin (10.8%) with over 30% resistance to all traditional antipseudomonal antimicrobials including ceftazidime, cefepime, carbapenems and levofloxacin. OSWIAs were different at different infection sites. Among them, the susceptibility of RTI to conventional antibiotics was lower than for IAI, UTI or BSI.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gram-negative bacteria collected from Chinese EDs exhibited high resistance to commonly used antibiotics. Susceptibilities were organ specific for different infection sites, knowledge which will be useful for guiding empirical therapies in the clinic.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09294-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]],"date-time":"2024-05-17T13:02:38Z","timestamp":1715950958000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Antibiotic susceptibility patterns and trends of the gram-negative bacteria isolated from the patients in the emergency departments in China: results of SMART 2016\u20132019"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Ying","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengcheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunsong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"9294_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757309","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.757309","volume":"12","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhu Y, Qiao Y, Dai R, Hu X, Li X. 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All other authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"501"}}