{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T12:15:12Z","timestamp":1780402512788,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]],"date-time":"2024-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714435200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]],"date-time":"2024-04-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1714435200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>Acinetobacter baumannii<\/jats:italic> is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause a variety of nosocomial infections in humans. This study aimed to molecularly characterize extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing and carbapenem-resistant <jats:italic>Acinetobacter species<\/jats:italic> isolated from surgical site infections (SSI).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A multicentre cross-sectional study was performed among SSI patients at four hospitals located in Northern, Southern, Southwest, and Central parts of Ethiopia. The isolates were identified by microbiological methods and matrix-assisted laser desorption\/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Antibiotic susceptibility was determined using disk diffusion. The presence of phenotypic ESBL and carbapenemase production was detected by employing standard microbiological tests, including combined disk diffusion (CDT). ESBL and carbapenem resistance determinants genes were studied by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 8.7% <jats:italic>Acinetobacter species<\/jats:italic> were identified from 493 culture-positive isolates out of 752 SSI wounds. The species identified by MALDI-TOF MS were 88.4% <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic>, 4.7% <jats:italic>Acinetobacter pittii<\/jats:italic>, 4.7% <jats:italic>Acinetobacter soli<\/jats:italic>, and 2.3% <jats:italic>Acinetobacter lactucae.<\/jats:italic> Of all isolates 93% were positive for ESBL enzymes according to the CDT. Using whole genome sequencing 62.8% of the <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic> harbored one or more beta-lactamase genes, and 46.5% harbored one or more carbapenemase producing genes. The distribution of beta-lactamases among <jats:italic>Acinetobacter species<\/jats:italic> by hospitals was 53.8%, 64.3%, 75%, and 75% at JUSH, TASH, DTCSH, and HUCSH respectively. Among ESBL genes, <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX\u2212M<\/jats:sub> alleles were detected in 21.4% of isolates; of these 83.3% were <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>CTX\u2212M\u221215<\/jats:sub>. The predominant carbapenemase gene of <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>OXA<\/jats:sub> type was detected in 24 carbapenem-resistant <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic> followed by <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>NDM<\/jats:sub> alleles carried in 12 <jats:italic>A. baumannii<\/jats:italic> with <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>NDM\u22121<\/jats:sub> as the most common.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The frequency of <jats:italic>Acinetobacter species<\/jats:italic> that produce metallobetalactamases (MBLs) and ESBLs that were found in this study is extremely scary and calls for strict infection prevention and control procedures in health facilities helps to set effective antibiotics stewardship.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09362-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:02:12Z","timestamp":1714521732000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Molecular characterization of carbapenemase and extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing Acinetobacter baumannii isolates causing surgical site infections in Ethiopia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6621-0399","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seble","family":"Worku","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamrat","family":"Abebe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berhanu","family":"Seyoum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bikila","family":"Alemu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gebrie","family":"Denkayehu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tamrayehu","family":"Seyoum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dawit Hailu","family":"Alemayehu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alemseged","family":"Abdissa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Getachew Tesfaye","family":"Beyene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adane","family":"Mihret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00f6te","family":"Swedberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"9362_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03009-13","volume":"52","author":"S Endo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Endo S, Yano H, Kanamori H, Inomata S, Aoyagi T, Hatta M, et al. High frequency of Acinetobacter soli among Acinetobacter isolates causing bacteremia at a tertiary hospital in Japan. J Clin Microbiol. 2014;52(3):911\u20135.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"9362_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1057","DOI":"10.1086\/656247","volume":"31","author":"LS Munoz-Price","year":"2010","unstructured":"Munoz-Price LS, Zembower T, Penugonda S, Schreckenberger P, Lavin MA, Welbel S, et al. Clinical outcomes of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii bloodstream infections: study of a 2-state monoclonal outbreak. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2010;31(10):1057\u201362.","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9362_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2019.09.021","volume":"104","author":"P Nasr","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nasr P. Genetics, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. J Hosp Infect. 2020;104(1):4\u201311.","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"issue":"7","key":"9362_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4172","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.02992-14","volume":"58","author":"S Chusri","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chusri S, Chongsuvivatwong V, Rivera JI, Silpapojakul K, Singkhamanan K, McNeil E, et al. Clinical outcomes of hospital-acquired infection with Acinetobacter nosocomialis and Acinetobacter pittii. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014;58(7):4172\u20139.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"10","key":"9362_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4105","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.001318","volume":"66","author":"C Cosgaya","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cosgaya C, Mar\u00ed-Almirall M, Van Assche A, Fern\u00e1ndez-Orth D, Mosqueda N, Telli M, et al. Acinetobacter dijkshoorniae sp. nov., a member of the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii complex mainly recovered from clinical samples in different countries. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2016;66(10):4105\u201311.","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"9362_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2011.02.006","volume":"162","author":"A Nemec","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nemec A, Krizova L, Maixnerova M, van der Reijden TJ, Deschaght P, Passet V, et al. Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of the Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-Acinetobacter baumannii complex with the proposal of Acinetobacter pittii sp. nov. (formerly Acinetobacter genomic species 3) and Acinetobacter nosocomialis sp. nov. (formerly Acinetobacter genomic species 13TU). Res Microbiol. 2011;162(4):393\u2013404.","journal-title":"Res Microbiol"},{"key":"9362_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.00593","volume":"10","author":"P Villal\u00f3n","year":"2019","unstructured":"Villal\u00f3n P, Ortega M, S\u00e1ez-Nieto JA, Carrasco G, Medina-Pascual MJ, Garrido N, et al. Dynamics of a sporadic nosocomial Acinetobacter calcoaceticus - Acinetobacter baumannii Complex Population. Front Microbiol. 2019;10:593.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"9362_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ayoub Moubareck C, Hammoudi Halat D. Insights into Acinetobacter baumannii: a review of Microbiological, Virulence, and Resistance traits in a threatening Nosocomial Pathogen. Antibiot [Internet]. 2020; 9(3).","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics9030119"},{"issue":"13","key":"9362_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14937","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000014937","volume":"98","author":"H Zhou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhou H, Yao Y, Zhu B, Ren D, Yang Q, Fu Y, et al. Risk factors for acquisition and mortality of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii bacteremia: a retrospective study from a Chinese hospital. Med (Baltim). 2019;98(13):e14937.","journal-title":"Med (Baltim)"},{"issue":"3","key":"9362_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30753-3","volume":"18","author":"E Tacconelli","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tacconelli E, Carrara E, Savoldi A, Harbarth S, Mendelson M, Monnet DL, et al. Discovery, research, and development of new antibiotics: the WHO priority list of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and tuberculosis. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018;18(3):318\u201327.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"9362_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kyriakidis I, Vasileiou E, Pana ZD, Tragiannidis A. Acinetobacter baumannii Antibiotic Resist Mech Pathogens [Internet]. 2021; 10(3).","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens10030373"},{"issue":"1","key":"9362_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0245126","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0245126","volume":"16","author":"H Ejaz","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ejaz H, Younas S, Abosalif KOA, Junaid K, Alzahrani B, Alsrhani A, et al. Molecular analysis of blaSHV, blaTEM, and blaCTX-M in extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae recovered from fecal specimens of animals. PLoS ONE. 2021;16(1):e0245126.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"9362_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105040","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2021.105040","volume":"158","author":"HI Hussain","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hussain HI, Aqib AI, Seleem MN, Shabbir MA, Hao H, Iqbal Z, et al. Genetic basis of molecular mechanisms in \u03b2-lactam resistant gram-negative bacteria. Microb Pathog. 2021;158:105040.","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"issue":"3","key":"9362_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dlab092","DOI":"10.1093\/jacamr\/dlab092","volume":"3","author":"M Castanheira","year":"2021","unstructured":"Castanheira M, Simner PJ, Bradford PA. Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases: an update on their characteristics, epidemiology and detection. JAC Antimicrob Resist. 2021;3(3):dlab092.","journal-title":"JAC Antimicrob Resist"},{"issue":"6","key":"9362_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2715","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.15130","volume":"131","author":"M Nguyen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nguyen M, Joshi SG. Carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii, and their importance in hospital-acquired infections: a scientific review. J Appl Microbiol. 2021;131(6):2715\u201338.","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"9362_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2016.03.007","volume":"48","author":"N Mathlouthi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mathlouthi N, El Salabi AA, Ben Jom\u00e0a-Jemili M, Bakour S, Al-Bayssari C, Zorgani AA, et al. Early detection of metallo-\u03b2-lactamase NDM-1- and OXA-23 carbapenemase-producing Acinetobacter baumannii in Libyan hospitals. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2016;48(1):46\u201350.","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"1","key":"9362_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-023-00643-6","volume":"22","author":"S Worku","year":"2023","unstructured":"Worku S, Abebe T, Alemu A, Seyoum B, Swedberg G, Abdissa A, et al. Bacterial profile of surgical site infection and antimicrobial resistance patterns in Ethiopia: a multicentre prospective cross-sectional study. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2023;22(1):96.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob"},{"issue":"3","key":"9362_CR18","first-page":"189","volume":"11","author":"GB Pradhan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pradhan GB, Agrawal J. Comparative study of post operative wound infection following emergency lower segment caesarean section with and without the topical use of fusidic acid. Nepal Med Coll Journal: NMCJ. 2009;11(3):189\u201391.","journal-title":"Nepal Med Coll Journal: NMCJ"},{"key":"9362_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheesbrough M. District laboratory practice in tropical countries, part 2. Cambridge University Press; 2005.","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511581304"},{"key":"9362_CR20","unstructured":"Clinical Laboratory Standared Institiute. Performans standards for Antimicrobial Susceptablity Testing, CLSI supplement M 100. 30th ed.; Clinical Laboratory Standared Institiute 2021: Wayne,PA, USA 2021."},{"issue":"12","key":"9362_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0021321","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00213-21","volume":"59","author":"R Humphries","year":"2021","unstructured":"Humphries R, Bobenchik AM, Hindler JA, Schuetz AN. Overview of changes to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing, M100, 31st Edition. J Clin Microbiol. 2021;59(12):e0021321.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"9362_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8050432","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8050432","volume":"2017","author":"MF El-Badawy","year":"2017","unstructured":"El-Badawy MF, Tawakol WM, El-Far SW, Maghrabi IA, Al-Ghamdi SA, Mansy MS, et al. Molecular Identification of Aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes and plasmid-mediated Quinolone Resistance genes among Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates recovered from Egyptian patients. Int J Microbiol. 2017;2017:8050432.","journal-title":"Int J Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"9362_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkp498","volume":"65","author":"C Dallenne","year":"2010","unstructured":"Dallenne C, Da Costa A, Decr\u00e9 D, Favier C, Arlet G. Development of a set of multiplex PCR assays for the detection of genes encoding important \u03b2-lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010;65(3):490\u20135.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"2","key":"9362_CR24","first-page":"Dc07","volume":"10","author":"Y Mohammed","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mohammed Y, Gadzama GB, Zailani SB, Aboderin AO. Characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species from North Eastern Nigeria. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016;10(2):Dc07\u201310.","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"9362_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2010.12.002","volume":"70","author":"L Poirel","year":"2011","unstructured":"Poirel L, Walsh TR, Cuvillier V, Nordmann P. Multiplex PCR for detection of acquired carbapenemase genes. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2011;70(1):119\u201323.","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"9362_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12091386","volume":"12","author":"IA Tickler","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tickler IA, Kawa D, Obradovich AE, Fang FC, Tenover FC, Healthcare Associated Infections C. Characterization of carbapenemase-and ESBL-Producing gram-negative Bacilli isolated from patients with urinary tract and bloodstream infections. Antibiotics. 2023;12(9):1386.","journal-title":"Antibiotics"},{"key":"9362_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6845985","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6845985","volume":"2018","author":"A Kaur","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kaur A, Singh S. Prevalence of Extended Spectrum Betalactamase (ESBL) and metallobetalactamase (MBL) producing\u2009<\u2009i\u2009>\u2009Pseudomonas aeruginosa and <\u2009i\u2009>\u2009Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from various clinical samples. J Pathogens. 2018;2018:6845985.","journal-title":"J Pathogens"},{"issue":"11","key":"9362_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.4172\/jpb.1000248","volume":"5","author":"M Chaudhary","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chaudhary M, Payasi A. Molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility study of Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates from Middle East, African and Indian patients. J Proteom Bioinform. 2012;5(11):265\u20139.","journal-title":"J Proteom Bioinform"},{"issue":"6","key":"9362_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2021.10885","volume":"22","author":"ME Ibrahim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ibrahim ME, Algak TB, Abbas M, Elamin BK. Emergence of bla TEM, bla CTX\u2013M, Bla SHV and Bla OXA genes in multidrug\u2013resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Acinetobacter baumannii in Saudi Arabia. Experimental Therapeutic Med. 2021;22(6):1\u201311.","journal-title":"Experimental Therapeutic Med"},{"key":"9362_CR30","unstructured":"Uyanga FZ, Ekundayo EO, Nwankwo EO. Bla TEM, Bla SHV and Bla CTX-M-15 extended spectrum beta-lactamase produced by Acinetobacter Baumanii, Enterobacter clocae and Proteus mirabilis from pregnant women in three secondary Health Care facilities in South-South."},{"key":"9362_CR31","first-page":"Doc02","volume":"14","author":"MH Abdar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abdar MH, Taheri-Kalani M, Taheri K, Emadi B, Hasanzadeh A, Sedighi A, et al. Prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes in Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from nosocomial infections in Tehran, Iran. GMS Hyg Infect Control. 2019;14:Doc02.","journal-title":"GMS Hyg Infect Control"},{"issue":"10","key":"9362_CR32","first-page":"868","volume":"7","author":"A Ramoul","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ramoul A, Hammami S, Dekhil M, Aimiri S, Slim A, Boutiba-Ben Boubaker I. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of clinical multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii from Algerian intensive care units. Afr J Microbiol Res. 2013;7(10):868\u201374.","journal-title":"Afr J Microbiol Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"9362_CR33","first-page":"32","volume":"3","author":"AA Al-Thahab","year":"2013","unstructured":"Al-Thahab AA. Molecular detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii. J Biol Agric Healthc. 2013;3(7):32\u20139.","journal-title":"J Biol Agric Healthc"},{"key":"9362_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5153237","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5153237","volume":"2021","author":"OG Onduru","year":"2021","unstructured":"Onduru OG, Mkakosya RS, Aboud S, Rumisha SF. Genetic determinants of resistance among ESBL-Producing\u2009<\u2009i\u2009>\u2009Enterobacteriaceae in Community and Hospital settings in East, Central, and Southern Africa: a systematic review and Meta-analysis of prevalence. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol. 2021;2021:5153237.","journal-title":"Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol"},{"key":"9362_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2020.01.001","volume":"21","author":"M Khurshid","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khurshid M, Rasool MH, Ashfaq UA, Aslam B, Waseem M, Xu Q, et al. Dissemination of bla(OXA-23)-harbouring carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clones in Pakistan. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2020;21:357\u201362.","journal-title":"J Glob Antimicrob Resist"},{"issue":"6","key":"9362_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1550","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks064","volume":"67","author":"L Krizova","year":"2012","unstructured":"Krizova L, Bonnin RA, Nordmann P, Nemec A, Poirel L. Characterization of a multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strain carrying the blaNDM-1 and blaOXA-23 carbapenemase genes from the Czech Republic. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2012;67(6):1550\u20132.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"9362_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6845985","DOI":"10.1155\/2018\/6845985","volume":"2018","author":"A Kaur","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kaur A, Singh S. Prevalence of Extended Spectrum Betalactamase (ESBL) and metallobetalactamase (MBL) producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from various clinical samples. J Pathog. 2018;2018:6845985.","journal-title":"J Pathog"},{"issue":"1","key":"9362_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2016.03.007","volume":"48","author":"N Mathlouthi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mathlouthi N, El Salabi AA, Jom\u00e0a-Jemili MB, Bakour S, Al-Bayssari C, Zorgani AA, et al. Early detection of metallo-\u03b2-lactamase NDM-1-and OXA-23 carbapenemase-producing Acinetobacter baumannii in Libyan hospitals. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2016;48(1):46\u201350.","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"11","key":"9362_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2014.07.010","volume":"20","author":"S Bakour","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bakour S, Touati A, Bachiri T, Sahli F, Tiouit D, Naim M, et al. First report of 16S rRNA methylase ArmA-producing Acinetobacter baumannii and rapid spread of metallo-\u03b2-lactamase NDM-1 in Algerian hospitals. J Infect Chemother. 2014;20(11):696\u2013701.","journal-title":"J Infect Chemother"},{"issue":"1","key":"9362_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2289-9","volume":"17","author":"M Pritsch","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pritsch M, Zeynudin A, Messerer M, Baumer S, Liegl G, Schubert S, et al. First report on bla (NDM-1)-producing Acinetobacter baumannii in three clinical isolates from Ethiopia. BMC Infect Dis. 2017;17(1):180.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"9362_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Adbaru MG, Gudina EK, Kroidl A, Wieser A. 2158. An outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii at a tertiary hospital in Ethiopia. Open Forum Infectious Diseases. 2023;10(Supplement_2):ofad500.1781.","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad500.1781"},{"issue":"7","key":"9362_CR42","first-page":"638","volume":"89","author":"S Hammami","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hammami S, Ghozzi R, Saidani M, Ben Redjeb S. Carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii producing the carbapenemase OXA-23 in Tunisia. Tunis Med. 2011;89(7):638\u201343.","journal-title":"Tunis Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"9362_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2253","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq273","volume":"65","author":"K Karthikeyan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Karthikeyan K, Thirunarayan MA, Krishnan P. Coexistence of Bla OXA-23 with bla NDM-1 and armA in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii from India. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2010;65(10):2253\u20134.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-024-09362-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-024-09362-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-024-09362-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,1]],"date-time":"2024-05-01T00:02:52Z","timestamp":1714521772000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-024-09362-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9362"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-024-09362-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 February 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 April 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 April 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical clearance and approval were obtained from Addis Ababa University\u2019s College of Health Sciences and AAREC, AAUMF03-008\/2020. The Department of Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Parasitology (DMIP) and the AHRI\/ALERT Research Ethics Committee (AAREC) reviewed and approved the study, and institutional review board (IRB) approval was obtained from Addis Ababa University\u2019s College of Health Sciences and AAREC, AAUMF03-008\/2020. The study was also approved by AHRI\/ALERT Ethics Review Committee (protocol number: P0\/2919) of the Armauer Hansen Research Institute and National Ethical Review committee (Ref No. MoE\/\/17 \/246\/767\/23). A written permission letter was obtained from each study site before starting the data collection. The purpose and procedures of the study were explained to the study participants, participants\u2019 parents, or guardians before the commencement of the actual specimen collection. Those study participants who gave written informed consent and those children whose parents or guardians gave informed consent were selected and enrolled in this study. Results obtained from all patients were communicated to attending physicians and all patients\u2019 information was kept confidential by using an identifier\/code to protect patient information from unauthorized person.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"459"}}