{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,12]],"date-time":"2024-05-12T00:24:58Z","timestamp":1715473498136},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]],"date-time":"2024-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715385600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]],"date-time":"2024-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A Bartholin\u2019s gland abscess is one of the most common infections in women of reproductive age. Although Bartholin\u2019s gland abscesses have been reported in prepubertal children, they are rarer in prepubertal children than in adults. Herein, we report a case of bilateral Bartholin\u2019s gland abscesses in a 4-year-old girl with vitamin A deficiency.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A 4-year-old girl diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder was admitted to the hospital for close examination and treatment because of persistent fever and malaise. The child was a marked fussy eater and was diagnosed with corneal ulceration and night blindness secondary to vitamin A deficiency. Both of the patient\u2019s labia were swollen, and a diagnosis of a bilateral Bartholin\u2019s gland abscess was made using computed tomography. Incisional drainage was performed under general anesthesia. The patient\u2019s postoperative course was uneventful, and she was discharged from the hospital on day 8 after the surgery. During hospitalization, attempts were made to correct the vitamin deficiency by adding nutritional supplements to the diet. Three months after the surgery, no recurrence of abscesses was noted.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Decreased immunocompetence and mucosal barrier function due to vitamin A deficiency is thought to be the underlying cause of Bartholin\u2019s gland abscesses. Although prepubertal Bartholin\u2019s gland abscesses have been reported, they are rare. To the best of our knowledge, no reports of bilateral Bartholin\u2019s gland abscesses potentially caused by vitamin A deficiency have been reported. When prepubertal girls present with Bartholin\u2019s gland abscesses, the presence of immunodeficiency due to vitamin or trace element deficiency should also be considered.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09382-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]],"date-time":"2024-05-11T05:01:57Z","timestamp":1715403717000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bilateral bartholin\u2019s gland abscesses in a 4-year-old girl with vitamin a deficiency: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Tomoko","family":"Kihara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tsuneaki","family":"Kenzaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Hasegawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koutaro","family":"Uemura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Toru","family":"Funakoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"9382_CR1","first-page":"63","volume":"14","author":"JK Singh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Singh JK, Viruthagiri A, Sadasivan J. Bartholin\u2019s gland abscess\u2013a rarity in infants and children. Curr Pediatr Res. 2010;14:63\u20134.","journal-title":"Curr Pediatr Res"},{"key":"9382_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2017.09.017","volume":"24","author":"V Radhakrishna","year":"2017","unstructured":"Radhakrishna V, Goel R, Parashar G, Santhanakrishnan R. Bartholin\u2019s gland abscess in a prepubertal female: a case report. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2017;24:1\u20132.","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg (Lond)"},{"key":"9382_CR3","first-page":"117","volume":"1","author":"S El Kady","year":"2007","unstructured":"El Kady S, Al Zahrani A, Jednak R, El Sherbiny M. Bartholin\u2019s gland abscess in a neonate: a case report. Can Urol Assoc J. 2007;1:117\u20139.","journal-title":"Can Urol Assoc J"},{"key":"9382_CR4","unstructured":"Title of subordinate document. In: Title of main document. Publisher. Year of publication. https:\/\/www.mhlw.go.jp\/file\/05-Shingikai-10901000-Kenkoukyoku-Soumuka\/0000042635.pdf. (Author name(s), Japanese.). Accessed 13 Mar 2024."},{"key":"9382_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5038","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14235038","volume":"14","author":"JO Amimo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Amimo JO, Michael H, Chepngeno J, Raev SA, Saif LJ, Vlasova AN. Immune impairment associated with vitamin a deficiency: insights from clinical studies and animal model research. Nutrients. 2022;14:5038.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"9382_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e30108","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000030108","volume":"101","author":"A Abdelkader","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abdelkader A, Wahba AA, El-Tonsy M, Zewail AA, Shams Eldin M. Recurrent respiratory infections and vitamin A levels: a link? It is cross-sectional. Med (Baltim). 2022;101:e30108.","journal-title":"Med (Baltim)"},{"key":"9382_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpag.2011.12.071","volume":"25","author":"M Cevik","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cevik M, Savas M, Guldur ME, Boleken ME. Urinary retention as the presentation of Bartholin\u2019s duct cyst in a neonate. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol. 2012;25:e65\u20137.","journal-title":"J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol"},{"key":"9382_CR8","first-page":"334","volume":"8","author":"JF Chavarr\u00eda","year":"1989","unstructured":"Chavarr\u00eda JF, Faingezicht I. Bartholin\u2019s gland abscess in a neonate. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1989;8:334\u20135.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"9382_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.4103\/2667-3592.301362","volume":"6","author":"N Revathi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Revathi N, Pandey A, Patra V, Seth B. Bilateral vulvar abscess in an infant\u2013an unusual occurrence. New Indian J Pediatr. 2017;6:244\u20136.","journal-title":"New Indian J Pediatr"},{"key":"9382_CR10","first-page":"105","volume":"4","author":"N Popovic","year":"2018","unstructured":"Popovic N, Zvizdic Z, Milisic E, Jonuzi A, Karamustafic A. Large Bartholin\u2019s gland cyst in a premenarchal girl: a rare clinical finding. Iran J Pediatr Surg. 2018;4:105\u20138.","journal-title":"Iran J Pediatr Surg"},{"key":"9382_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"d5094","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5094","volume":"343","author":"E Mayo-Wilson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mayo-Wilson E, Imdad A, Herzer K, Yakoob MY, Bhutta ZA. Vitamin A supplements for preventing mortality, illness, and blindness in children aged under 5: systematic review and meta-analysis. 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N Engl J Med. 2022;386:2387\u201398.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-024-09382-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-024-09382-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-024-09382-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]],"date-time":"2024-05-11T05:02:08Z","timestamp":1715403728000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-024-09382-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9382"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-024-09382-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 January 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 May 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 May 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The Hyogo Prefectural Kobe Children\u2019s Hospital waived the ethical approval and consent requirement for this case report owing to its retrospective nature. This study was carried out in accordance with the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the patient\u2019s parents to publish this case report and accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the editor of this journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"487"}}