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Bacterial infection increases the mortality rate of hospitalized patients with cirrhosis, irrespective of the severity of the liver disease. Around 60% of patients with compensated cirrhosis developed ascites within 10\u2005years during the course of their disease. The in-hospital mortality rate due to spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) could exceed 90%, but with early diagnosis and prompt antibiotic therapy, this rate has been shown to decrease to 20%. Here, we enrolled adult (age\u2009<jats:italic>\u2265<\/jats:italic>\u200918) patients with liver disease with evidence of cirrhosis who developed ascites and assessed the presence of spontaneous ascites fluid infection (SAFI) in these patients. Of the total 218 patients, 22.9% (50\/218) develop ascites infection. The liver organ function tests like alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin were found to be significantly (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05) higher in patients with ascites fluid infection compared to patients with non-ascites fluid infection. Of the gram-negative bacteria, <jats:italic>K. pneumonia and E. coli<\/jats:italic> were isolated and found to be 100% resistant to amoxicillin and clavulanate. From the gram-positive bacterial isolates,\u00a0<jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> was only resistant to penicillin, whereas <jats:italic>Str. viridans<\/jats:italic> was resistant to ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefepime, and penicillin. On the other hand, clinical features such as a history of jaundice, low arterial blood pressure, and ultrasound results such as a shrunken liver and enlarged spleen were also independent predictors of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. In conclusion, given the high probability of death following SAFI, early detection, and treatment, as well as knowledge of the microbial agent, resistance profile, and predictive markers in various contexts, are essential for the timely diagnosis and management of SAFI in these patients.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09418-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,26]],"date-time":"2024-05-26T09:01:24Z","timestamp":1716714084000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Bacterial profile, drug resistance pattern, clinical and laboratory predictors of ascites infection in cirrhosis patients"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Abubeker Shemsu","family":"Helil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shambel Araya","family":"Haile","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yohannis","family":"Birhanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hailemichael","family":"Desalegn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Melese","family":"Desalegn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rozina Ambachew","family":"Geremew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zenebe","family":"Gebreyohannes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Awad","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel Dejene","family":"Wondimagegnehu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gonfa","family":"Ayana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anteneh Mehari","family":"Tizazu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kassu","family":"Desta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"9418_CR1","first-page":"1118","volume":"325","author":"G Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang G, Jazwinski Faust A. 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Consent form was issued to each participant in the study, and every participant gave a written informed consent to participate in the study. Confidentiality was maintained during labeling, and names and other unique identifiers were avoided from the questionnaire and the sample. The participants were informed that he\/she could withdraw from the study at any time during the study progress.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human ethics and consent to participate"}}],"article-number":"528"}}