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TB drug resistance can be directly transmitted or arise through resistance acquisition during first-line TB treatment. Limited evidence suggests that people living with HIV (PLHIV) might have an increased risk of acquired rifamycin-resistance (ARR).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess HIV as a risk factor for ARR during first-line TB treatment, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted. ARR was defined as rifamycin-susceptibility at treatment start with rifamycin-resistance diagnosed during or at the end of treatment, or at recurrence. PubMed\/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases were searched from inception to 23 May 2024 for articles in English; conference abstracts were also searched from 2004 to 2021. The Mantel-Haenszel random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled odds ratio of any association between HIV and ARR among individuals receiving first-line TB treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Ten studies that included data collected between 1990 and 2014 were identified: five from the United States, two from South Africa and one each from Uganda, India and Moldova. A total of 97,564 individuals were included across all studies, with 13,359 (13.7%) PLHIV. Overall, 312 (0.32%) acquired rifamycin-resistance, among whom 115 (36.9%) were PLHIV. The weighted odds of ARR were 4.57 (95% CI, 2.01\u201310.42) times higher among PLHIV compared to HIV-negative individuals receiving first-line TB treatment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The available data, suggest that PLHIV have an increased ARR risk during first-line TB treatment. Further research is needed to clarify specific risk factors, including advanced HIV disease and TB disease severity. Given the introduction of shorter, 4-month rifamycin-based regimens, there is an urgent need for additional data on ARR, particularly for PLHIV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Systematic review registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PROSPERO CRD42022327337.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09514-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,2]],"date-time":"2024-07-02T01:24:53Z","timestamp":1719883493000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Association between HIV and acquisition of rifamycin resistance with first-line TB treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Nesbert","family":"Zinyakatira","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Ford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Cox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"9514_CR1","volume-title":"Global tuberculosis Report 2023","author":"World Health Organisation","year":"2023","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. 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