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The effects of deintensification therapy on inflammatory settings are currently unknown in PLWH. Thus, our study explored the inflammatory state in virologically suppressed HIV individuals between patients in treatment with a DTG-containing dual therapy (2DR) versus triple regimen therapies (3DR). We enrolled a total of 116 subjects in <jats:italic>2DRs<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>3DRs<\/jats:italic> regimens, and the plasma levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines (in particular IL-1\u03b2, IL-10, IL-18, IL-33, IL-36 and IFN-\u03b3) have been evaluated. CD4\u2009+\u2009cell\u2019s median value was 729.0 cell\/\u00b5L in the 3DR group and 771.5 cell\/\u00b5L in 2DR group; the viral load was negative in all patients. Significant differences were found in levels of IL-18 (648.8 cell\/\u00b5L in 3DR group vs. 475.0 cell\/\u00b5L in 2DR group, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.034) and IL-36 (281.7 cell\/\u00b5L in 3DR group vs. 247.0 cell\/\u00b5L in 2DR group, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.050), and a correlation between IL-18 and IL-36 was found in 3DR group (rho\u2009=\u20090.266, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.015). This single-center retrospective pharmacological study confirms the absence of significant differences in IL-1\u03b2, IL-10, IL-33, and IFN-\u03b3 levels between patients on two-drug antiretroviral regimens compared to patients on 3DR antiretroviral regimens. Patients in 2DR show greater control over IL-18 and IL-36 serum levels, cytokines related to an increased cardiovascular risk and development of age-related chronic diseases. Based on our results, we suggest that DTG-based 2DR antiretroviral regimens could be associated with better control of the chronic inflammation that characterizes the population living with HIV in effective ART.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09565-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]],"date-time":"2024-07-03T13:03:47Z","timestamp":1720011827000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Cytokines assets in PLWH in two-drug dolutergravir based or three-drug antiretroviral regimen"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Katia","family":"Falasca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio","family":"Ucciferri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Di Gasbarro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Borrelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Di Nicola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carla","family":"Frisenda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Costantini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Aielli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcella","family":"Reale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacopo","family":"Vecchiet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"9565_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32835cae9c","volume":"27","author":"AJ Rodger","year":"2013","unstructured":"Rodger AJ, Lodwick R, Schechter M, Deeks S, Amin J, Gilson R, Paredes R, Bakowska E, Engsig FN, Phillips A, et al. 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Each patient received informed letters asking for approval. The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee at the University \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d Chieti-Pescara (Ethics Committee Project No. 16 of 05.09.2019). It was performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects enrolled in this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant conflict of interest to disclose.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"665"}}