{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,1]],"date-time":"2026-04-01T02:53:05Z","timestamp":1775011985532,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721001600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721001600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p><jats:italic>Ruthenibacterium lactatiformans,<\/jats:italic> a Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped, obligate anaerobic bacterium of the Oscillospiraceae family, has not been previously reported in human infections. This study reports the first case of bacteraemia and potential vertebral osteomyelitis caused by <jats:italic>Ruthenibacterium lactatiformans<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>An 82-year-old man with a history of diabetes, chronic renal failure, and prior spinal surgery for spondylolisthesis and spinal stenosis presented with fever and lower back pain. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple vertebral osteomyelitis lesions. Initial blood cultures identified methicillin-resistant <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> (MRSA), which prompted vancomycin treatment. However, repeated blood cultures not only confirmed persistent MRSA, but also detected Gram-negative bacilli (GNB). Despite surgical removal of the spinal hardware and antimicrobial therapy, the patient\u2019s osteomyelitis worsened, necessitating transfer for further management. Subsequent analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified the GNB as <jats:italic>Ruthenibacterium lactatiformans.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This is the first documented instance of human infection with <jats:italic>Ruthenibacterium lactatiformans<\/jats:italic>, signifying its pathogenic potential in vertebral osteomyelitis. The involvement of anaerobic bacteria and the possibility of polymicrobial infections complicate the diagnosis and treatment of vertebral osteomyelitis. This report underscores the need for caution when identifying the causative organism and selecting an appropriate treatment.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09606-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T11:02:49Z","timestamp":1721041369000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Ruthenibacterium lactatiformans isolated from a human blood culture: a first report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Shougen","family":"Sumiyoshi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shigeto","family":"Hamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keigo","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katsuyuki","family":"Negishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Koshi","family":"Ninomiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Manabu","family":"Sasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Kutsuna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"9606_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3041","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.001143","volume":"66","author":"AN Shkoporov","year":"2016","unstructured":"Shkoporov AN, Chaplin AV, Shcherbakova VA, Suzina NE, Kafarskaia LI, Bozhenko VK, Efimov BA. Ruthenibacterium lactatiformans gen. nov., sp. nov., an anaerobic, lactate-producing member of the family Ruminococcaceae isolated from human faeces. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2016;66:3041\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"issue":"3467\u20133486","key":"9606_CR2","first-page":"e3416","volume":"185","author":"Consortium. i","year":"2022","unstructured":"Consortium. i. Gut microbiome of multiple sclerosis patients and paired household healthy controls reveal associations with disease risk and course. Cell. 2022;185(3467\u20133486):e3416.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"9606_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26084","volume":"89","author":"LM Cox","year":"2021","unstructured":"Cox LM, Maghzi AH, Liu S, Tankou SK, Dhang FH, Willocq V, Song A, Wasen C, Tauhid S, Chu R, et al. Gut microbiome in progressive multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 2021;89:1195\u2013211.","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"9606_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.3390\/genes10100748","volume":"10","author":"JY Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee JY, Mannaa M, Kim Y, Kim J, Kim GT, Seo YS. Comparative analysis of fecal microbiota composition between rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis patients. Genes (Basel). 2019;10:748.","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"key":"9606_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1097\/01.SMJ.0000129928.03804.2A","volume":"98","author":"MU Saeed","year":"2005","unstructured":"Saeed MU, Mariani P, Martin C, Smego RA Jr, Potti A, Tight R, Thiege D. Anaerobic spondylodiscitis: case series and systematic review. South Med J. 2005;98:144\u20138.","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"9606_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1186\/s12891-022-05749-0","volume":"23","author":"CT Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen CT, Wu MH, Huang TY, Li YY, Huang TJ, Lee CY, Lin CH, Lee CY. Anaerobic spondylodiscitis: a retrospective analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2022;23:788.","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet Disord"},{"key":"9606_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1086\/340102","volume":"34","author":"MC McHenry","year":"2002","unstructured":"McHenry MC, Easley KA, Locker GA. Vertebral osteomyelitis: long-term outcome for 253 patients from 7 Cleveland-area hospitals. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;34:1342\u201350.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"9606_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac259","volume":"75","author":"US Justesen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Justesen US, Nielsen SL, Jensen TG, Dessau RB, Moller JK, Coia JE, Andersen SL, Pedersen C, Gradel KO. Bacteremia with anaerobic bacteria and association with colorectal cancer: a population-based cohort study. Clin Infect Dis. 2022;75:1747\u201353.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"9606_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2005.01214.x","volume":"11","author":"JR Zahar","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zahar JR, Farhat H, Chachaty E, Meshaka P, Antoun S, Nitenberg G. Incidence and clinical significance of anaerobic bacteraemia in cancer patients: a 6-year retrospective study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2005;11:724\u20139.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-024-09606-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-024-09606-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-024-09606-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]],"date-time":"2024-07-15T11:04:08Z","timestamp":1721041448000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-024-09606-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]]},"references-count":9,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9606"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-024-09606-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 May 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 July 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 July 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"There was no involvement of the ethics committee.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for the publication of this case report.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"699"}}