{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T15:21:27Z","timestamp":1788967287358,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mumps is a vaccine-preventable disease with high contagious capability. Its incidence declined rapidly since one dose of mumps vaccine was introduced into Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) in 2008 in China. Nonetheless, the outbreaks of mumps remain frequent in China. Here we aim to assess herd immunity level followed by one-dose mumps ingredient vaccine and to elucidate the genetic characteristics of mumps viruses circulating in the post vaccine era in Jiangsu province of China. The complete sequences of mumps virus small hydrophobic(SH) gene were amplified and sequenced; coalescent-based Bayesian method was used to perform phylogenetic analysis with BEAST 1.84 software. Commercially available indirect enzyme-linked immune-sorbent IgG assay was used for the quantitative detection of IgG antibody against mumps virus. Our results show that genotype F was the predominant mumps viruses and belonged to indigenous spread, and most of Jiangsu sequences clustered together and formed a monophyly. The prevalence of mumps reached a peak in 2012 and subsequently declined, which presented an obvious different trajectory with virus circulating in other regions of China. The gene diversity of viruses circulating in Jiangsu province was far less than those in China. The antibody prevalence reached 70.42% in the general population during 2018 to 2020. The rising trend of antibody level was also observed. Although mumps antibody prevalence does not reach expected level, mumps virus faces higher pressure in Jiangsu province than the whole of China. To reduce further the prevalence of mumps viruses, two doses of mumps vaccine should be involved into EPI.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09609-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T16:02:15Z","timestamp":1721664135000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Genetic characteristic of mumps virus from 2012 to 2016 and its serum antibody level among general healthy population during 2018\u20132020 in Jiangsu Province, China"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Xiuying","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peishan","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiguo","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongxiong","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"9609_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1080\/21645515.2015.1021522","volume":"11","author":"CS Zamir","year":"2015","unstructured":"Zamir CS, Schroeder H, Shoob H, Abramson N, Zentner G. Characteristics of a large mumps outbreak: clinical severity, complications and association with vaccination status of mumps outbreak cases. Hum Vaccines Immunotherapeutics. 2015;11(6):1413\u20137.","journal-title":"Hum Vaccines Immunotherapeutics"},{"issue":"9616","key":"9609_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60419-5","volume":"371","author":"A Hviid","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hviid A, Rubin S, M\u00fchlemann K, Mumps. Lancet. 2008;371(9616):932\u201344.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10","key":"9609_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1542","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis568","volume":"206","author":"M Kontio","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kontio M, Jokinen S, Paunio M, Peltola H, Davidkin I. Waning antibody levels and avidity: implications for MMR Vaccine-Induced Protection. J Infect Dis. 2012;206(10):1542\u20138.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"9609_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vermeire T, Barbezange C, Francart A, Hamouda A, Litzroth A, Hutse V, Martens L, Vandermarliere E, Van Gucht S. Sera from different age cohorts in Belgium show limited cross-neutralization between the mumps vaccine and outbreak strains. Clin Microbiol Infect 2019, 25, (7), 907 e1-907 e6.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2018.11.016"},{"issue":"1","key":"9609_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.06125-11","volume":"86","author":"SA Rubin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rubin SA, Link MA, Sauder CJ, Zhang C, Ngo L, Rima BK, Duprex WP. Recent mumps outbreaks in vaccinated populations: no evidence of immune escape. J Virol. 2012;86(1):615\u201320.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"4","key":"9609_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02386-09","volume":"48","author":"JE Echevarria","year":"2010","unstructured":"Echevarria JE, Castellanos A, Sanz JC, Perez C, Palacios G, Martinez de Aragon MV, Pena Rey I, Mosquera M, de Ory F, Royuela E. Circulation of mumps virus genotypes in Spain from 1996 to 2007. J Clin Microbiol. 2010;48(4):1245\u201354.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"9609_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21068","volume":"80","author":"CL Santos","year":"2008","unstructured":"Santos CL, Ishida MA, Foster PG, Sallum MA, Benega MA, Borges DB, Correa KO, Constantino CR, Afzal MA, Paiva TM. Detection of a new mumps virus genotype during parotitis epidemic of 2006\u20132007 in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. J Med Virol. 2008;80(2):323\u20139.","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"10","key":"9609_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1684","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy779","volume":"68","author":"NS Clemmons","year":"2019","unstructured":"Clemmons NS, Redd SB, Gasta\u00f1aduy PA, Marin M, Patel M, Fiebelkorn AP. Characteristics of large mumps outbreaks in the United States, July 2010\u2013December 2015. Clin Infect Dis. 2019;68(10):1684\u201390.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"9609_CR9","first-page":"51","volume":"43","author":"J-w Tang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tang J-w, Liu Z-h. Epidemiological situation of mumps and its immune prevention in China. 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Antibody levels of measles, rubella and mumps viruses in healthy population in Shanghai from 2010 to 2020. Chin J Prev Med. 2022;56(8):1095\u2013100.","journal-title":"Chin J Prev Med"},{"key":"9609_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2021.03.085","volume":"39","author":"R Prymula","year":"2021","unstructured":"Prymula R, Povey M, Brzostek J, Cabrnochova H, Chlibek R, Czajka H, Leviniene G, Man S, Neamtu M, Pazdiora P, Plesca D, Ruzkova R, Stefkovicova M, Usonis V, Verdanova D, Wysocki J, Casabona G, Habib MA. Ten-year follow-up on efficacy, immunogenicity and safety of two doses of a combined measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccine or one dose of monovalent varicella vaccine: results from five east European countries. Vaccine. 2021;39:2643\u201351.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"9609_CR25","unstructured":"Xu CH, He JL, Tong WB, Liu L. 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Chin J Prev Med. 2022;56(7):994\u20131003.","journal-title":"Chin J Prev Med"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-024-09609-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-024-09609-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-024-09609-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]],"date-time":"2024-07-22T16:02:25Z","timestamp":1721664145000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-024-09609-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9609"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-024-09609-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 January 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 July 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 July 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was carried out according to the Declaration of Helsinki and Good Clinical Practice guidelines and approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention (NO.: SL2015-B015\u201302). The adult participants or guardians of the young participants who are less than 18 years old were informed the content and purpose of collecting specimens and investigation, and the corresponding consents were gained before their enrolment. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects and\/or legal guardians.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}],"article-number":"718"}}