{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T13:07:07Z","timestamp":1791810427828,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721347200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721347200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Hangzhou Biomedicine and Health Industry Development Supporting Science and Technology Special Project","award":["2023WJC312"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023WJC312"]}]},{"name":"Hangzhou Biomedicine and Health Industry Development Supporting Science and Technology Special Project","award":["2023WJC162"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023WJC162"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The clinical presentation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is atypical and it is easily confused with other diseases such as common infections, making prompt diagnosis a great challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of targeted nanopore sequencing (TNS) in the diagnosis of EPTB. The diagnostic accuracy of TNS using different types of extrapulmonary specimens was also evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We reviewed the clinical data of patients with suspected EPTB for whom TNS was conducted and who were hospitalized at our center. The true positive, false positive, false negative, and true negative values were determined. Indices of diagnostic accuracy were computed, including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and area under the curve (AUC) for TNS and acid-fast bacilli (AFB) culture, and compared with those from clinical diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>149 patients were included in the analysis. The overall sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and AUC of TNS for the diagnosis of EPTB were 86.4%, 87.5%, 97.3%, 55.3%, and 0.87, respectively. For diagnosis by AFB culture, these values were 25.6%, 100.0%, 100.0%, 20.5%, and 0.63, respectively. The most common specimens used were lymph node tissue, cerebrospinal fluid, pleural effusion, and pleural tissue. The diagnostic accuracy of TNS using all types of extrapulmonary specimens was good.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>TNS demonstrates good diagnostic accuracy in the rapid diagnosis of EPTB and this was true across different types of extrapulmonary specimens.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09618-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]],"date-time":"2024-07-19T14:02:39Z","timestamp":1721397759000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Targeted nanopore sequencing using clinical specimens for the rapid diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Guocan","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Likui","family":"Fang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanqin","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fangming","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xudong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"9618_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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The requirement for informed consent to study inclusion and the need for consent to participate were waived by the Ethics Committee of Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital because of the lack of study intervention in patient diagnosis and treatment and the retrospective nature of the study. This study is in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"710"}}