{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T02:35:26Z","timestamp":1789439726155,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721865600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]],"date-time":"2024-07-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09633-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T17:01:44Z","timestamp":1722013304000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Clinical and virological features of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant-infected immunocompromised patients receiving immunosuppressive medications"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Keiji","family":"Nakamura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeyuki","family":"Goto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenichiro","family":"Shiraishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akiko","family":"Yonekawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshihiro","family":"Eriguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Akashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nobuyuki","family":"Shimono","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Chong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"9633_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.13662","volume":"33","author":"RAS Hoek","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hoek RAS, Manintveld OC, Betjes MGH, Hellemons ME, Seghers L, Van Kampen JAA, Caliskan K, van de Wetering J, van den Hoogen M, Metselaar HJ, et al. COVID-19 in solid organ transplant recipients: a single-center experience. Transpl Int. 2020;33(9):1099\u2013105.","journal-title":"Transpl Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"9633_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.16840","volume":"22","author":"MR Heldman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Heldman MR, Kates OS, Safa K, Kotton CN, Georgia SJ, Steinbrink JM, Alexander BD, Hemmersbach-Miller M, Blumberg EA, Multani A, et al. Changing trends in mortality among solid organ transplant recipients hospitalized for COVID-19 during the course of the pandemic. Am J Transplant. 2022;22(1):279\u201388.","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"issue":"1","key":"9633_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1111\/ajt.16885","volume":"22","author":"AC Kalil","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kalil AC, Florescu DF. Mortality in solid organ transplant recipients hospitalized for COVID-19. Am J Transplant. 2022;22(1):12\u20133.","journal-title":"Am J Transplant"},{"issue":"7","key":"9633_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.10.049","volume":"183","author":"VA Avanzato","year":"2020","unstructured":"Avanzato VA, Matson MJ, Seifert SN, Pryce R, Williamson BN, Anzick SL, Barbian K, Judson SD, Fischer ER, Martens C, et al. Case Study: Prolonged Infectious SARS-CoV-2 Shedding from an Asymptomatic Immunocompromised Individual with Cancer. Cell. 2020;183(7):1901-1912.e1909.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"26","key":"9633_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2586","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMc2031670","volume":"383","author":"T Aydillo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aydillo T, Gonzalez-Reiche AS, Aslam S, van de Guchte A, Khan Z, Obla A, Dutta J, van Bakel H, Aberg J, Garc\u00eda-Sastre A, et al. Shedding of Viable SARS-CoV-2 after Immunosuppressive Therapy for Cancer. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(26):2586\u20138.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"10332","key":"9633_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00462-7","volume":"399","author":"T Nyberg","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nyberg T, Ferguson NM, Nash SG, Webster HH, Flaxman S, Andrews N, Hinsley W, Bernal JL, Kall M, Bhatt S, et al. Comparative analysis of the risks of hospitalisation and death associated with SARS-CoV-2 omicron\u00a0(B.1.1.529) and\u00a0(B.1.617.2) delta variants in England: a cohort study. Lancet. 2022;399(10332):1303\u201312.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10335","key":"9633_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)00327-0","volume":"399","author":"C Menni","year":"2022","unstructured":"Menni C, Valdes AM, Polidori L, Antonelli M, Penamakuri S, Nogal A, Louca P, May A, Figueiredo JC, Hu C, et al. Symptom prevalence, duration, and risk of hospital admission in individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2 during periods of omicron and delta variant dominance: a prospective observational study from the ZOE COVID Study. Lancet. 2022;399(10335):1618\u201324.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"9633_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2022.01.007","volume":"192","author":"PA Christensen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Christensen PA, Olsen RJ, Long SW, Snehal R, Davis JJ, Ojeda Saavedra M, Reppond K, Shyer MN, Cambric J, Gadd R, et al. Signals of Significantly Increased Vaccine Breakthrough, Decreased Hospitalization Rates, and Less Severe Disease in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Caused by the Omicron Variant of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 in Houston. Texas Am J Pathol. 2022;192(4):642\u201352.","journal-title":"Texas Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"8","key":"9633_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E312","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.26626","volume":"97","author":"O Blennow","year":"2022","unstructured":"Blennow O, Salmanton-Garc\u00eda J, Nowak P, Itri F, Van Doesum J, L\u00f3pez-Garc\u00eda A, Farina F, Jaksic O, Pincz\u00e9s LI, Bilgin YM, et al. Outcome of infection with omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant in patients with hematological malignancies: An EPICOVIDEHA survey report. Am J Hematol. 2022;97(8):E312\u20137.","journal-title":"Am J Hematol"},{"issue":"10","key":"9633_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2688","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkac253","volume":"77","author":"E Lafont","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lafont E, Pere H, Lebeaux D, Cheminet G, Thervet E, Guillemain R, Flahault A. Targeted SARS-CoV-2 treatment is associated with decreased mortality in immunocompromised patients with COVID-19. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2022;77(10):2688\u201392.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"3","key":"9633_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e172","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac571","volume":"76","author":"SRK Malahe","year":"2023","unstructured":"Malahe SRK, Hoek RAS, Dalm VASH, Broers AEC, den Hoed CM, Manintveld OC, Baan CC, van Deuzen CM, Papageorgiou G, Bax HI, et al. Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Immunocompromised Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Caused by the Omicron Variant: A Prospective. Observational Study Clin Infect Dis. 2023;76(3):e172\u20138.","journal-title":"Observational Study Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"9633_CR12","unstructured":"National Institute of Health. COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines. Special Considerations in People Who Are Immunocompromised. https:\/\/www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov\/special-populations\/immunocompromised\/. Accessed 12 Mar 2024."},{"issue":"11","key":"9633_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1244","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(23)00271-2","volume":"23","author":"S Nakakubo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Nakakubo S, Kishida N, Okuda K, Kamada K, Iwama M, Suzuki M, Yokota I, Ito YM, Nasuhara Y, Boucher RC, et al. Associations of COVID-19 symptoms with omicron subvariants\u00a0BA.2 and\u00a0BA.5, host status, and clinical outcomes in Japan: a registry-based observational study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2023;23(11):1244\u201356.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"9633_CR14","unstructured":"National Institute of Health. COVID-19 Treatment Guidelines. Clinical Spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. https:\/\/www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov\/overview\/clinical-spectrum\/. Accessed 12 Mar 2024."},{"issue":"5","key":"9633_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2805.220197","volume":"28","author":"K Takahashi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Takahashi K, Ishikane M, Ujiie M, Iwamoto N, Okumura N, Sato T, Nagashima M, Moriya A, Suzuki M, Hojo M, et al. Duration of Infectious Virus Shedding by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant-Infected Vaccinees. Emerg Infect Dis. 2022;28(5):998\u20131001.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"9633_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiad061","volume":"228","author":"DE Dimcheff","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dimcheff DE, Blair CN, Zhu Y, Chappell JD, Gaglani M, McNeal T, Ghamande S, Steingrub JS, Shapiro NI, Duggal A, et al. Total and Subgenomic RNA Viral Load in Patients Infected With SARS-CoV-2 Alpha, Delta, and Omicron Variants. J Infect Dis. 2023;228(3):235\u201344.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"9633_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00873-8","volume":"23","author":"CKH Wong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wong CKH, Lau KTK, Au ICH, Lau EHY, Poon LLM, Hung IFN, Cowling BJ, Leung GM. Viral burden rebound in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 receiving oral antivirals in Hong Kong: a population-wide retrospective cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2023;23(6):683\u201395.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"9633_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2608.201246","volume":"26","author":"X Lu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lu X, Wang L, Sakthivel SK, Whitaker B, Murray J, Kamili S, Lynch B, Malapati L, Burke SA, Harcourt J, et al. US CDC Real-Time Reverse Transcription PCR Panel for Detection of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020;26(8):1654\u201365.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"9633_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00873-8","volume":"23","author":"CKH Wong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wong CKH, Lau KTK, Au ICH, Lau EHY, Poon LLM, Hung IFN, Cowling BJ, Leung GM. Viral burden rebound in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 receiving oral antivirals in Hong Kong: a population-wide retrospective cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2023;23(6):683\u201395.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"9633_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wang L, Berger NA, Davis PB, Kaelber DC, Volkow ND, Xu R: COVID-19 rebound after Paxlovid and Molnupiravir during January-June 2022. medRxiv [Preprint]. 2022.","DOI":"10.1101\/2022.06.21.22276724"},{"issue":"5","key":"9633_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ofad253","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofad253","volume":"10","author":"P Sa\u00e1","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sa\u00e1 P, Fink RV, Dawar H, Di Germanio C, Montalvo L, Wright DJ, Krysztof DE, Kleinman SH, Nester T, Kessler DA, et al. Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 Viremia in Presymptomatic Blood Donors in the Delta and Omicron Variant Eras. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2023;10(5):ofad253.","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"13","key":"9633_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e148635","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI148635","volume":"131","author":"Y Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li Y, Schneider AM, Mehta A, Sade-Feldman M, Kays KR, Gentili M, Charland NC, Gonye AL, Gushterova I, Khanna HK, et al. SARS-CoV-2 viremia is associated with distinct proteomic pathways and predicts COVID-19 outcomes. J Clin Invest. 2021;131(13):e148635.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"9","key":"9633_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2995","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1285","volume":"73","author":"K Hagman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hagman K, Hedenstierna M, Gille-Johnson P, Hammas B, Grabbe M, Dillner J, Ursing J. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 RNA in Serum as Predictor of Severe Outcome in Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;73(9):e2995\u20133001.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"9633_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciab394","volume":"74","author":"N Ram-Mohan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ram-Mohan N, Kim D, Zudock EJ, Hashemi MM, Tjandra KC, Rogers AJ, Blish CA, Nadeau KC, Newberry JA, Quinn JV, et al. SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia Predicts Clinical Deterioration and Extrapulmonary Complications from COVID-19. Clin Infect Dis. 2022;74(2):218\u201326.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"9633_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e431","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(23)00041-1","volume":"4","author":"JF Bermejo-Martin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bermejo-Martin JF, Garc\u00eda-Mateo N, Motos A, Resino S, Tamayo L, Ryan Murua P, Bustamante-Munguira E, Gallego Curto E, \u00dabeda-Iglesias A, de la Torre MDC, et al. Effect of viral storm in patients admitted to intensive care units with severe COVID-19 in Spain: a multicentre, prospective, cohort study. Lancet Microbe. 2023;4(6):e431\u201341.","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"9633_CR26","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Interim Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Healthcare Personnel During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/coronavirus\/2019-ncov\/hcp\/infection-control-recommendations.html. Accessed 31 Mar 2024."}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-024-09633-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-024-09633-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-024-09633-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,26]],"date-time":"2024-07-26T17:01:50Z","timestamp":1722013310000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-024-09633-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9633"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-024-09633-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 April 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 July 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 July 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The requirement for patient consent was waived because the study used de-identified data. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Kyushu University (Approval No: 22241\u201300).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"736"}}