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Pharmacogenetic variants could serve as predictors of drug-induced hepatotoxicity (DIH), in patients with TB co-infected with HIV. We evaluated the occurrence of DIH and pharmacogenetic variants in Cameroonian patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Treatment-na\u00efve patients with HIV, TB or TB\/HIV co-infection were recruited at three hospitals in Cameroon, between September 2018 and November 2019. Appropriate treatment was initiated, and patients followed up for 12 weeks to assess DIH. Pharmacogenetic variants were assessed by allele discrimination TaqMan SNP assays.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Of the 141 treatment na\u00efve patients, the overall incidence of DIH was 38% (53\/141). The highest incidence of DIH, 52% (32\/61), was observed among HIV patients. Of 32 pharmacogenetic variants, the slow acetylation variants <jats:italic>NAT2<\/jats:italic>*5 was associated with a decreased risk of DIH (OR: 0.4; 95%CI: 0.17\u20130.96; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.038), while <jats:italic>NAT2<\/jats:italic>*6 was found to be associated with an increased risk of DIH (OR: 4.2; 95%CI: 1.1\u201315.2; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.017) among patients treated for TB. Up to 15 SNPs differed in \u2265\u20095% of allele frequencies among African populations, while 25 SNPs differed in \u2265\u20095% of the allele frequencies among non-African populations, respectively.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>DIH is an important clinical problem in African patients with TB and HIV. The <jats:italic>NAT2<\/jats:italic>*5 and <jats:italic>NAT2<\/jats:italic>*6 variants were found to be associated with DIH in the Cameroonian population. Prior screening for the slow acetylation variants <jats:italic>NAT2*5<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>NAT2*6<\/jats:italic> may prevent DIH in TB and HIV-coinfected patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09638-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]],"date-time":"2024-07-31T12:14:34Z","timestamp":1722428074000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Drug-induced hepatotoxicity and association with slow acetylation variants NAT2*5 and NAT2*6 in Cameroonian patients with tuberculosis and HIV co-infection"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Frederick Nchang","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric A.","family":"Achidi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jude Eteneneng","family":"Enoh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Srinivas Reddy","family":"Pallerla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Le Thi Kieu","family":"Linh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hoang Van","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph","family":"Kamgno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V\u00e9ronique Beng","family":"Penlap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ayola Akim","family":"Adegnika","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean-Bernard","family":"Lekana-Douki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marielle Karine","family":"Bouyou-Akotet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gauthier Mesia","family":"Kahunu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaston Tona","family":"Lutete","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mathew","family":"Bates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Tembo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linzy","family":"Elton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy D","family":"McHugh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin P","family":"Grobusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alimuddin","family":"Zumla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francine","family":"Ntoumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thirumalaisamy P.","family":"Velavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"9638_CR1","unstructured":"WHO. 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Administrative clearances were obtained from the South West Regional Delegate for Public Health, the Directors of the Buea Regional Hospital (BRH), Limbe Regional Hospital (LRH) and the Administrator of the Baptist Hospital Mutengene (BHM). Written informed consent was obtained from all study participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"None\u2011applicable. This study does not contain any individual details, images, or videos.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"759"}}