{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T10:52:35Z","timestamp":1740135155805,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,21]],"date-time":"2024-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724198400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,21]],"date-time":"2024-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1724198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010753","name":"National Health Laboratory Service","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010753","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09738-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,22]],"date-time":"2024-08-22T12:23:31Z","timestamp":1724329411000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Molecular characterisation of hepatitis A in the Western Cape province, South Africa in 2023"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Kathleen","family":"Subramoney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Manamela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Korsman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janine","family":"Bezuidenhoudt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charlene","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jayendrie","family":"Thaver","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Keveshan","family":"Bhagwandin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jimmy","family":"Khosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zinhle","family":"Khalishwayo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nishi","family":"Prabdial-Sing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"9738_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-4235-5","volume":"19","author":"J Patterson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Patterson J, Abdullahi L, Hussey GD, Muloiwa R, Kagina BM. A systematic review of the epidemiology of hepatitis A in Africa. BMC Infect Dis. 2019;19:1\u201315.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"9738_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v6.i13.589","volume":"6","author":"M Jefferies","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jefferies M, Rauff B, Rashid H, Lam T, Rafiq S. Update on global epidemiology of viral hepatitis and preventive strategies. World J Clin Cases. 2018;6:589\u201399.","journal-title":"World J Clin Cases"},{"key":"9738_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.19.1.63-79.2006","volume":"19","author":"OV Nainan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nainan OV, Xia G, Vaughan G, Margolis HS. Diagnosis of Hepatitis A Virus infection: a Molecular Approach. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2006;19:63\u201379.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"6","key":"9738_CR4","first-page":"2005","volume":"14","author":"AH Mazanderani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mazanderani AH, Motaze NV, McCarthy K, Suchard M, du Plessis NM. Hepatitis A virus seroprevalence in South Africa - estimates using routine laboratory data, 2005\u20132015. PLoS ONE. 2018;14(6):2005\u201315.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"unstructured":"NICD, Communicable Diseases, Communique. January. 2023, vol.22(1). Vol. 22. 2023.","key":"9738_CR5"},{"key":"9738_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJ.2019.v109i5.13410","volume":"109","author":"A Enoch","year":"2019","unstructured":"Enoch A, Hardie DR, Hussey GD, Kagina BM. Hepatitis A seroprevalence in Western Cape Province, South Africa: are we in epidemiological transition? South Afr Med J. 2019;109:314\u20138.","journal-title":"South Afr Med J"},{"key":"9738_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-25064-x","volume":"12","author":"NM Plessis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Plessis NM, Mazanderani AH, Motaze NV, Ngobese M, Avenant T. Hepatitis A virus seroprevalence among children and adolescents in a high \u2013 burden HIV setting in urban South Africa. Sci Rep. 2022;12:1\u20136.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"9738_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.3390\/v13122470","volume":"13","author":"N Prabdial-Sing","year":"2021","unstructured":"Prabdial-Sing N, Motaze V, Manamela J, McCarthy K, Suchard M. Establishment of outbreak thresholds for hepatitis a in South Africa using laboratory surveillance, 2017\u20132020. Viruses. 2021;13:2017\u201320.","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"9738_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a033480","volume":"8","author":"KL McKnight","year":"2018","unstructured":"McKnight KL, Lemon SM. Hepatitis a virus genome organization and replication strategy. Cold Spring Harbor Perspect Med. 2018;8:1\u201318.","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harbor Perspect Med"},{"doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Averhoff FM, Khudyakov Y, Nelson NP, Hepatitis A. Vaccines. Seventh Ed. Plotkin\u2019s vaccines. Elsevier Inc.; 2017. pp. 319\u2013e34115.","key":"9738_CR10","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-35761-6.00024-9"},{"key":"9738_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3191","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.19532-0","volume":"84","author":"M Costa-Mattioli","year":"2003","unstructured":"Costa-Mattioli M, Di Napoli A, Ferr\u00e9 V, Billaudel S, Perez-Bercoff R, Cristina J. Genetic variability of hepatitis a virus. J Gen Virol. 2003;84:3191\u2013201.","journal-title":"J Gen Virol"},{"key":"9738_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_1910_15","volume":"147","author":"B Malhotra","year":"2018","unstructured":"Malhotra B, Kanwar A, Reddy PVJ, Chauhan A, Tiwari J, Bhargava S, et al. Molecular characterization of hepatitis a virus from children hospitalized at a tertiary care centre in northwest India. Indian J Med Res. 2018;147:507\u201312.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"unstructured":"Averhoff F, Khudyakov Y, Vellozzi C. 174 - Hepatitis A Virus. Ninth edit. Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett\u2019s principles and practice of Infectious diseases. Elsevier Inc.; 2017. pp. 2243\u201361.","key":"9738_CR13"},{"key":"9738_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.2166\/wst.2013.799","volume":"69","author":"S Rachida","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rachida S, Wolfaardt M, Taylor MB. Molecular characterisation of hepatitis a virus strains from water sources in South Africa. Water Sci Technol. 2014;69:923\u201333.","journal-title":"Water Sci Technol"},{"key":"9738_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gtc.2020.01.002","volume":"49","author":"A Abutaleb","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abutaleb A, Kottilil S, Hepatitis A. Epidemiology, natural history, unusual clinical manifestations, and Prevention. Gastroenterol Clin N Am. 2020;49:191\u20139.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin N Am"},{"key":"9738_CR16","first-page":"1","volume":"0","author":"H Newman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Newman H, Tshabalala D, Estrada GAP, Newman H, Tshabalala D, Estrada GAP, et al. Hepatitis A in Nelson Mandela Bay and Sarah Baartman districts, Eastern Cape, South Africa. South Afr J Infect Dis. 2018;0:1\u20134.","journal-title":"South Afr J Infect Dis"},{"key":"9738_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9071(199704)51:4<273::AID-JMV3>3.0.CO;2-2","volume":"51","author":"MB Taylor","year":"1997","unstructured":"Taylor MB. Molecular epidemiology of South African strains of hepatitis a virus: 1982\u20131996. J Med Virol. 1997;51:273\u20139.","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"unstructured":"CDC, Hepatitis A, Virus Infections. :FAQS. 2008;1\u20132.","key":"9738_CR18"},{"key":"9738_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1371\/annotation\/5fa9cfb4-9964-4586-845d-d8205f318d68","volume":"8","author":"H Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang H, Zheng H, Cao J, Zhou W, Yi Y, Jia Z, et al. Genetic diversity of Hepatitis A Virus in China: VP3- VP1-2A genes and evidence of quasispecies distribution in the isolates. PLoS ONE. 2013;8:1\u20139.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"9738_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.3390\/v12121468","volume":"12","author":"S Rachida","year":"2020","unstructured":"Rachida S, Taylor MB. Potentially infectious novel hepatitis a virus strains detected in selected treated wastewater discharge sources, South Africa. Viruses. 2020;12:1468.","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"unstructured":"Statistics South Africa. Section B: Profile Western Cape Province. 2020.","key":"9738_CR21"},{"unstructured":"Department: Statistics South Africa. Republic of South Africa. Consensus 2022. 2024. stat sa. https:\/\/census.statssa.gov.za\/#\/province\/1\/2 (accessed 06 March 2024).","key":"9738_CR22"},{"unstructured":"Western Cape Government. #KnowYourMunicipality: The Socio-Economic Profile. City of Cape Town. 2022. pp. 1\u201322 City of Cape Town.","key":"9738_CR23"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-024-09738-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-024-09738-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-024-09738-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,23]],"date-time":"2024-08-23T17:24:58Z","timestamp":1724433898000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-024-09738-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,21]]},"references-count":23,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["9738"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-024-09738-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1471-2334"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 May 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 August 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 August 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as per the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki (updated in October 2013). Ethical approval for the use of data and investigations on notifiable medical conditions was obtained from the Human Research Ethics Committee of the University of Witwatersrand (Ethical Clearance Number: M210752). The need for consent to participate was waived as per the Institutional Review Board (IRB) Human Research Ethics Committee of the University of Witwatersrand (Ethical Clearance Number: M210752) and deemed necessary according to the National Health Act, 2003, Chap.\u00a03: Prevention and Control of communicable diseases by health authorities and heads of institutions.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"845"}}