{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T10:22:15Z","timestamp":1780568535663,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728259200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1728259200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-10040-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T03:12:12Z","timestamp":1728270732000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Acute necrotizing encephalopathy caused by bacterial infection"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Shenglan","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weiqian","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hainan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixia","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"10040_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.58.5.555","volume":"58","author":"M Mizuguchi","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mizuguchi M, Abe J, Mikkaichi K, Noma S, Yoshida K, Yamanaka T, Kamoshita S. Acute necrotising encephalopathy of childhood: a new syndrome presenting with multifocal, symmetric brain lesions. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1995;58(5):555\u201361.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10040_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2012.07.001","volume":"35","author":"B Tabarki","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tabarki B, Thabet F, Al Shafi S, Al Adwani N, Chehab M, Al Shahwan S. Acute necrotizing encephalopathy associated with enterovirus infection. Brain Dev. 2013;35(5):454\u20137.","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10040_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-009-1487-z","volume":"40","author":"JB Lyon","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lyon JB, Remigio C, Milligan T, Deline C. Acute necrotizing encephalopathy in a child with H1N1 influenza infection. Pediatr Radiol. 2010;40(2):200\u20135.","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10040_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e177","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004800","volume":"90","author":"A Biswas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Biswas A, Varman M, Gunturi A, Yoganathan S, Gibikote S. Teaching neuroimages: acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood: neuroimaging findings. Neurology. 2018;90(2):e177\u20138.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10040_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792578","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/792578","volume":"2015","author":"X Wu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wu X, Wu W, Pan W, Wu L, Liu K, Zhang HL. Acute necrotizing encephalopathy: an underrecognized clinicoradiologic disorder. Mediators Inflamm. 2015;2015:792578.","journal-title":"Mediators Inflamm"},{"issue":"5","key":"10040_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e789","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000789","volume":"7","author":"L Dixon","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dixon L, Varley J, Gontsarova A, Mallon D, Tona F, Muir D, Luqmani A, Jenkins IH, Nicholas R, Jones B, et al. COVID-19-related acute necrotizing encephalopathy with brain stem involvement in a patient with aplastic anemia. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2020;7(5):e789.","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"},{"issue":"10","key":"10040_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000010250","volume":"95","author":"J Virhammar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Virhammar J, Kumlien E, F\u00e4llmar D, Frithiof R, Jackmann S, Sk\u00f6ld MK, Kadir M, Frick J, Lindeberg J, Olivero-Reinius H, et al. Acute necrotizing encephalopathy with SARS-CoV-2 RNA confirmed in cerebrospinal fluid. Neurology. 2020;95(10):445\u20139.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10040_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e235264","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2020-235264","volume":"13","author":"JN Arul","year":"2020","unstructured":"Arul JN, Madhavan S, Krishnan V, Krishnamoorthy V. Fatal H1N1-related acute necrotising encephalopathy in an adult. BMJ Case Rep. 2020;13(6):e235264.","journal-title":"BMJ Case Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10040_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-018-0690-9","volume":"25","author":"A Fern\u00e1ndez-Bl\u00e1zquez","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Bl\u00e1zquez A, Casta\u00f1\u00f3n-Apil\u00e1nez M, \u00c1lvarez-Arg\u00fcelles ME, Sabater-Cabrera C, Rojo-Alba S, Boga JA, Mor\u00eds de la Tassa G, Quind\u00f3s Fern\u00e1ndez B, Mel\u00f3n S. Neuroinvasion of influenza A\/H3N2: a fatal case in an immunocompetent adult. J Neurovirol. 2019;25(2):275\u20139.","journal-title":"J Neurovirol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10040_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1177\/1941874421991370","volume":"11","author":"Y Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang Y, Younce JR, Perlmutter JS, Mar SS. Excellent outcome of acute necrotizing encephalopathy in an adult with bacterial infections, case report. Neurohospitalist. 2021;11(4):351\u20135.","journal-title":"Neurohospitalist"},{"issue":"6","key":"10040_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2011.09.007","volume":"45","author":"SM Kansagra","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kansagra SM, Gallentine WB. Cytokine storm of acute necrotizing encephalopathy. Pediatr Neurol. 2011;45(6):400\u20132.","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10040_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-023-01641-y","volume":"8","author":"Y Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang Y, Luu LDW, Liu S, Zhu X, Huang S, Li F, Huang X, Guo L, Zhang J, Ge H, et al. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals a systemic immune dysregulation in COVID-19-associated pediatric encephalopathy. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 2023;8(1):398.","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"issue":"9","key":"10040_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2020-323678","volume":"91","author":"L Delamarre","year":"2020","unstructured":"Delamarre L, Gollion C, Grouteau G, Rousset D, Jimena G, Roustan J, Gaussiat F, Aldige E, Gaffard C, Duplantier J, et al. COVID-19-associated acute necrotising encephalopathy successfully treated with steroids and polyvalent immunoglobulin with unusual IgG targeting the cerebral fibre network. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2020;91(9):1004\u20136.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"10040_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102194","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2020.102194","volume":"43","author":"JM Levine","year":"2020","unstructured":"Levine JM, Ahsan N, Ho E, Santoro JD. Genetic acute necrotizing encephalopathy associated with RANBP2: clinical and therapeutic implications in pediatrics. Mult Scler Relat Disord. 2020;43:102194.","journal-title":"Mult Scler Relat Disord"},{"key":"10040_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2329048x2110307","DOI":"10.1177\/2329048X211030751","volume":"8","author":"M Hartley","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hartley M, Sinha A, Kumar A, Aliu E, Mainali G, Paudel S. Acute necrotizing encephalopathy: 2 case reports on RANBP2 mutation. Child Neurol Open. 2021;8:2329048x211030751.","journal-title":"Child Neurol Open"},{"issue":"9","key":"10040_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100897","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gim.2023.100897","volume":"25","author":"V Shashi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shashi V, Schoch K, Ganetzky R, Kranz PG, Sondheimer N, Markert ML, Cope H, Sadeghpour A, Roehrs P, Arbogast T, et al. Biallelic variants in ribonuclease inhibitor (RNH1), an inflammasome modulator, are associated with a distinctive subtype of acute, necrotizing encephalopathy. Genet Med. 2023;25(9):100897.","journal-title":"Genet Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10040_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2010.25.3.449","volume":"25","author":"HE Seo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Seo HE, Hwang SK, Choe BH, Cho MH, Park SP, Kwon S. Clinical spectrum and prognostic factors of acute necrotizing encephalopathy in children. J Korean Med Sci. 2010;25(3):449\u201353.","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"10040_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e490","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005909","volume":"91","author":"W Liang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liang W, Shao Y, Cui Y, Wu S, Lu F, He J, Wang Y, Han X, Mang J, Xu Z. Teaching neuroimages: radiographic evolution in an adult case of acute necrotizing encephalopathy. Neurology. 2018;91(5):e490\u20131.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"7","key":"10040_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1007\/s00247-009-1498-9","volume":"40","author":"H Aydin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Aydin H, Ozgul E, Agildere AM. Acute necrotizing encephalopathy secondary to diphtheria, tetanus toxoid and whole-cell pertussis vaccination: diffusion-weighted imaging and proton MR spectroscopy findings. Pediatr Radiol. 2010;40(7):1281\u20134.","journal-title":"Pediatr Radiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10040_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bj.2021.11.005","volume":"45","author":"AM Wong","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wong AM, Toh CH. Spectrum of neuroimaging mimics in children with COVID-19 infection. Biomed J. 2022;45(1):50\u201362.","journal-title":"Biomed J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10040_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2020.08.001","volume":"43","author":"M Mizuguchi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mizuguchi M, Ichiyama T, Imataka G, Okumura A, Goto T, Sakuma H, Takanashi JI, Murayama K, Yamagata T, Yamanouchi H, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute encephalopathy in childhood. Brain Dev. 2021;43(1):2\u201331.","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"issue":"12","key":"10040_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.1007\/s00234-020-02511-y","volume":"62","author":"S Van Cauter","year":"2020","unstructured":"Van Cauter S, Severino M, Ammendola R, Van Berkel B, Vavro H, van den Hauwe L, Rumboldt Z. Bilateral lesions of the basal ganglia and thalami (central grey matter)-pictorial review. Neuroradiology. 2020;62(12):1565\u2013605.","journal-title":"Neuroradiology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10040_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2008.03.005","volume":"31","author":"A Okumura","year":"2009","unstructured":"Okumura A, Mizuguchi M, Kidokoro H, Tanaka M, Abe S, Hosoya M, Aiba H, Maegaki Y, Yamamoto H, Tanabe T, et al. Outcome of acute necrotizing encephalopathy in relation to treatment with corticosteroids and gammaglobulin. Brain Develop. 2009;31(3):221\u20137.","journal-title":"Brain Develop"},{"issue":"3","key":"10040_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2014.05.007","volume":"37","author":"H Yamamoto","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yamamoto H, Okumura A, Natsume J, Kojima S, Mizuguchi M. A severity score for acute necrotizing encephalopathy. Brain Dev. 2015;37(3):322\u20137.","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10040_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e200186","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200186","volume":"11","author":"VW Lee","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lee VW, Kam KQ, Mohamed AR, Musa H, Anandakrishnan P, Shen Q, Palazzo AF, Dale RC, Lim M, Thomas T. Defining the clinicoradiologic syndrome of SARS-CoV-2 acute necrotizing encephalopathy: a systematic review and 3 new pediatric cases. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2024;11(1):e200186.","journal-title":"Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-024-10040-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-024-10040-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-024-10040-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T15:03:32Z","timestamp":1728313412000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-024-10040-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10040"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-024-10040-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 May 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 October 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 October 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Consent for the case report was obtained from the patient\u2019s husband.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the patient\u2019s family (his husband) for the publication of any potentially identifiable images or data included in this article.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1109"}}