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Permission letters were also obtained from the East Shoa Zone Health Department, Woreda Health Offices, and Oromia Regional Health Bureau. Written informed consent was obtained from all study participants who were 16\u00a0years of age or older. The purpose of the study was clearly communicated to both the participants and their parents\/guardians. For children written informed consent was provided to their parents or legal guardians. Children infected with malaria were treated in accordance with national protocols and the standards declaration of Helsink.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1363"}}