{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T16:24:09Z","timestamp":1783787049746,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733184000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Open Project of Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Diagnosis and Treatment of Pediatric Infection and Critical Care","award":["ERC202303"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ERC202303"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017700","name":"Henan Province Science and Technology Research Project","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["242102311155"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["242102311155"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017700","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-10268-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T18:06:37Z","timestamp":1733249197000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Influence of COVID-19 public health restrictions on community-acquired pneumonia pathogens in children in Henan, China: a multicenter retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Yalin","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Debin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xianfei","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"LiXia","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beibei","family":"Huo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanzhe","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"10268_CR1","first-page":"59","volume":"42","author":"E Chee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chee E, Huang K, Haggie S, Britton PN. Systematic review of clinical practice guidelines on the management of community acquired pneumonia in children. Paediatr Respir Rev. 2022;42:59\u201368.","journal-title":"Paediatr Respir Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10268_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(18)30408-X","volume":"7","author":"DA McAllister","year":"2019","unstructured":"McAllister DA, Liu L, Shi T, et al. Global, regional, and national estimates of pneumonia morbidity and mortality in children younger than 5 years between 2000 and 2015: a systematic analysis [J]. Lancet Glob Health. 2019;7(1):47\u201357.","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10268_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.3390\/v14051071","volume":"14","author":"C Achangwa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Achangwa C, Park H, Ryu S, Lee MS. Collateral Impact of Public Health and Social Measures on respiratory virus activity during the COVID-19 pandemic 2020\u20132021. Viruses. 2022;14(5):1071.","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10268_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.3390\/v15051160","volume":"15","author":"N Principi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Principi N, Autore G, Ramundo G, Esposito S. Epidemiology of respiratory infections during the COVID-19 pandemic. Viruses. 2023;15:1160.","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10268_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(23)00200-1","volume":"23","author":"A Izu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Izu A, Nunes MC, Solomon F, Baillie V, Serafin N, Verwey C, et al. All-cause and pathogen-specific lower respiratory tract infection hospital admissions in children younger than 5 years during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-22) compared with the pre-pandemic period (2015 -19) in South Africa: an observational study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2023;23:1031\u201341.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10268_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09733-y","volume":"24","author":"G Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang G, Zhang Y, Ba L, et al. Epidemiological changes in respiratory pathogen transmission among children with acute respiratory infections during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kunming, China. BMC Infect Dis. 2024;24(1):826.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10268_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2279","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12062279","volume":"12","author":"SH Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim SH, Kim T, Choi H, Shin TR, Sim YS. Clinical outcome and prognosis of a nosocomial outbreak of COVID-19. J Clin Med. 2023;12(6):2279.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10268_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1663","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01277-6","volume":"400","author":"K Messacar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Messacar K, Baker RE, Park SW, Nguyen-Tran H, Cataldi JR, Grenfell B. Preparing for uncertainty: endemic paediatric viral illnesses after COVID-19 pandemic disruption. Lancet. 2022;400:1663\u20135.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"12","key":"10268_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5802","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28065","volume":"94","author":"L Mohebi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mohebi L, Karami H, Mirsalehi N, Ardestani NH, Yavarian J, Mard-Soltani M, Mokhatri-Azad T, Salimi V. A delayed resurgence of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) during the COVID-19 pandemic: an unpredictable outbreak in a small proportion of children in the Southwest of Iran, April 2022. J Med Virol. 2022;94(12):5802\u20137.","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10268_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2023.06.017","volume":"16","author":"IS Ahmed","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ahmed IS, Tapponi SL, Widatallah ME, Alakkad YM, Haider M. Unmasking the enigma: an in-depth analysis of COVID-19 impact on the pediatric population. J Infect Public Health. 2023;16(9):1346\u201360.","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"10268_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2969","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2711.211565","volume":"27","author":"M Ujiie","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ujiie M, Tsuzuki S, Nakamoto T, Iwamoto N. Resurgence of respiratory Syncytial Virus infections during COVID-19 pandemic, Tokyo, Japan. Emerg Infect Dis. 2021;27(11):2969\u201370.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10268_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2023.01.029","volume":"86","author":"J Liang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liang J, Liu R, He W, Zeng Z, Wang Y, Wang B, Liang L, Zhang T, et al. Infection rates of 70% of the population observed within 3 weeks after release of COVID-19 restrictions in Macao, China. J Infect. 2023;86(4):402\u20134.","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10268_CR13","first-page":"6","volume":"12","author":"National Health Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine","year":"2019","unstructured":"National Health Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Guideline for diagnosis and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia in children (2019 version)[J]. Chin J Clin Infect Dis. 2019;12(1):6\u201313.","journal-title":"Chin J Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10268_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e330","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(23)00031-9","volume":"4","author":"YN Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu YN, Zhang YF, Xu Q, et al. Infection and co-infection patterns of community-acquired pneumonia in patients of different ages in China from 2009 to 2020: a national surveillance study. Lancet Microbe. 2023;4(5):e330\u20139.","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"issue":"6","key":"10268_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2023.04.005","volume":"16","author":"C Tan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tan C, Luo X, Zhou Z, et al. Dynamic zero-COVID strategy in controlling COVID-19 in Shanghai, China: a cost-effectiveness analysis. J Infect Public Health. 2023;16(6):893\u2013900.","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10268_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.4103\/ijmr.IJMR_977_20","volume":"152","author":"VS Kuttiatt","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kuttiatt VS, Abraham PR, Menon RP, Vaidya PC, Rahi M. Coronavirus disease 2019 in children: clinical & epidemiological implications. Indian J Med Res. 2020;152(12):21\u201340.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"10268_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e254","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(20)30114-2","volume":"1","author":"A Wu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wu A, Mihaylova VT, Landry ML, Foxman EF. Interference between rhinovirus and influenza a virus: a clinical data analysis and experimental infection study. Lancet Microbe. 2020;1:e254\u201362.","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"key":"10268_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S396434","volume":"16","author":"YC Chuang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chuang YC, Lin KP, Wang LA, Yeh TK, Liu PY. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on respiratory syncytial virus infection: a narrative review. Infect Drug Resist. 2023;16:661\u201375.","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"issue":"7","key":"10268_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000004314","volume":"43","author":"R Nenna","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nenna R, Pierangeli A, Matera L, et al. Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis before and after COVID-19 pandemic: has the immunity debt been Paid Off? Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2024;43(7):635\u20139.","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10268_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-09784-1","volume":"24","author":"P Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang P, Zhang Z, Fang K, Yao J, Huang X, Lu S. Analysis of the epidemic characteristics of common respiratory pathogens infection in children in a 3A special hospital. BMC Infect Dis. 2024;24(1):879.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10268_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e360","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(21)00077-7","volume":"3","author":"AB Brueggemann","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brueggemann AB, van Jansen MJ, Shaw D, et al. Changes in the incidence of invasive disease due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria meningitidis during the COVID-19 pandemic in 26 countries and territories in the invasive respiratory infection Surveillance Initiative: a prospective analysis of surveillance data. Lancet Digit Health. 2021;3(6):e360\u201370.","journal-title":"Lancet Digit Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10268_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1886","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.15601","volume":"57","author":"YN Abo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Abo YN, Clifford V, Lee LY, et al. COVID-19 public health measures and respiratory viruses in children in Melbourne. J Paediatr Child Health. 2021;57(12):1886\u201392.","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"10268_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13247","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.13247","volume":"18","author":"QS Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang QS, Turner N, Wood T, et al. Impact of the COVID-19 related border restrictions on influenza and other common respiratory viral infections in New Zealand. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2024;18(2):e13247.","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"key":"10268_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2024.101103","volume":"47","author":"KHS Dungu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dungu KHS, Holm M, Hartling U, et al. Mycoplasma pneumoniae incidence, phenotype, and severity in children and adolescents in Denmark before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic: a nationwide multicentre population-based cohort study. Lancet Reg Health Eur. 2024;47:101103.","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Eur"},{"issue":"2","key":"10268_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.14715\/cmb\/2022.68.2.29","volume":"68","author":"L Lei","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lei L, Wang X. Determining the frequency of Streptococcus pneumoniae carriers and its microbial resistance in children. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2022;68(2):203\u20137.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10268_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2256","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12062256","volume":"12","author":"Y Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen Y, Li L, Wang C, Zhang Y, Zhou Y. Necrotizing Pneumonia in Children: early recognition and management. J Clin Med. 2023;12(6):2256.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10268_CR27","first-page":"11","volume":"119","author":"G Ensinck","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ensinck G, Lazarte G, Ernst A, et al. Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pneumonia in a children\u2019s hospital. Our ten -Neumon\u00eda por Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina adquirido de la comunidad en un hospital pedi\u00e1trico. Nuestra experiencia de 10 a\u00f1os. Arch Argent Pediatr. 2021;119(1):11\u20137.","journal-title":"Arch Argent Pediatr"},{"issue":"12","key":"10268_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2199","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1475","volume":"72","author":"DK Yeoh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yeoh DK, Foley DA, Minney-Smith CA, et al. Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Public Health Measures on detections of Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Children during the 2020 Australian Winter. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;72(12):2199\u2013202.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"10268_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2829","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1906","volume":"73","author":"DA Foley","year":"2021","unstructured":"Foley DA, Yeoh DK, Minney-Smith CA, et al. The Interseasonal resurgence of respiratory Syncytial Virus in Australian Children following the Reduction of Coronavirus Disease 2019-Related Public Health Measures. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;73(9):e2829\u201330.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10268_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000967","volume":"36","author":"E Rice","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rice E, Oakes DB, Holland C, Moore HC, Blyth CC. Respiratory syncytial virus in children: epidemiology and clinical impact post-COVID-19. Curr Opinin Infect Dis. 2023;36(6):522\u20138.","journal-title":"Curr Opinin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10268_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13291","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.13291","volume":"18","author":"Y Lu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lu Y, Chen Q, Ren S, et al. Impact of COVID-19 nonpharmaceutical interventions on respiratory Syncytial Virus infections in Hospitalized Children. Influenza Other Respir Viruses. 2024;18(4):e13291.","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"issue":"2","key":"10268_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14020284","volume":"14","author":"JH White","year":"2022","unstructured":"White JH. Emerging roles of vitamin D-Induced antimicrobial peptides in antiviral innate immunity. Nutrients. 2022;14(2):284. Published 2022 Jan 11.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"10268_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy419","volume":"68","author":"PK Kutty","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kutty PK, Jain S, Taylor TH, et al. Mycoplasma pneumoniae among children hospitalized with community-acquired Pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis. 2019;68(1):5\u201312.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10268_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e100","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-5247(23)00344-0","volume":"5","author":"PM Meyer Sauteur","year":"2024","unstructured":"Meyer Sauteur PM, Beeton ML, European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID). Study Group for Mycoplasma and Chlamydia Infections (ESGMAC), and the ESGMAC Mycoplasma pneumoniae Surveillance (MAPS) study group. Mycoplasma pneumoniae: delayed re-emergence after COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. Lancet Microbe. 2024;5(2):e100\u20131.","journal-title":"Lancet Microbe"},{"issue":"4","key":"10268_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.3390\/v15040877","volume":"15","author":"M H\u00f6nemann","year":"2023","unstructured":"H\u00f6nemann M, Thiem S, Bergs S, et al. In-Depth analysis of the re-emergence of respiratory Syncytial Virus at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Germany in the summer of 2021 after the alleviation of non-pharmaceutical interventions due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Viruses. 2023;15(4):877.","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"issue":"8","key":"10268_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1031","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30264-5","volume":"7","author":"Y Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li Y, Reeves RM, Wang X, et al. Global patterns in monthly activity of influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, and metapneumovirus: a systematic analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2019;7(8):e1031\u201345.","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-024-10268-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-024-10268-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-024-10268-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T19:02:41Z","timestamp":1733252561000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-024-10268-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10268"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-024-10268-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"12 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 November 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 December 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval for this study was granted by the Ethics Committee of Children\u2019s Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University (No. 2024-k-130), who also waived the written informed consent due to the retrospective design of the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Patient consent was waived due to the retrospective nature of the study and the use of anonymous clinical data.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1381"}}