{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T06:15:36Z","timestamp":1793427336392,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736380800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736380800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-10419-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T14:45:40Z","timestamp":1736433940000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis and associated factors among adults living with HIV\/AIDS in Ethiopia, systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Amlaku Nigusie","family":"Yirsaw","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Berihun Agegn","family":"Mengistie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eyob","family":"Getachew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gebrehiwot Berie","family":"Mekonnen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adamu Ambachew","family":"Shibabaw","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex Ayenew","family":"Chereka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gemeda Wakgari","family":"Kitil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wubet Tazeb","family":"Wondie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gebeyehu","family":"Lakew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"10419_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kiros T et al. Magnitude and associated factors of pulmonary tuberculosis among HIV\/AIDS patients attending antiretroviral therapy clinic at Debre tabor specialized hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, 2019. 2020;pp. 849\u2013858.","DOI":"10.2147\/HIV.S282616"},{"key":"10419_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Naidoo K et al. Recurrent subclinical tuberculosis among antiretroviral therapy\u2013accessing participants: incidence, clinical course, and outcomes. 2022;75(9): pp. 1628\u201336.","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac185"},{"key":"10419_CR3","unstructured":"Sastry AS, Bhat S. Essentials of medical microbiology. JP Medical Ltd.; 2018."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10419_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.03.011","volume":"124","author":"J Chakaya","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chakaya J, et al. The WHO Global Tuberculosis 2021 Report - not so good news and turning the tide back to end TB. Int J Infect Dis. 2022;124(Suppl 1):S26\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10419_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chakaya J et al. Global Tuberculosis Report 2020\u2013Reflections on the Global TB burden, treatment and prevention efforts. 2021;113: pp. S7-S12.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2021.02.107"},{"key":"10419_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shankar EM et al. HIV\u2013Mycobacterium tuberculosis co-infection: a \u2018danger-couple model\u2019of disease pathogenesis. 2014;70(2): pp. 110\u2013118.","DOI":"10.1111\/2049-632X.12108"},{"key":"10419_CR7","unstructured":"Organization WH. Global tuberculosis report 2021: supplementary material. World Health Organization; 2022."},{"key":"10419_CR8","unstructured":"Jacobs DS, Demott W, Finley PJIH, Ohio. Laboratory test handbook, Lexi-comp. 1996."},{"key":"10419_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Daley CL, Caminero JA. Management of multidrug resistant tuberculosis. In seminars in respiratory and critical care medicine. Thieme Medical; 2013.","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1333546"},{"key":"10419_CR10","unstructured":"Dorman SE et al. Substitution of moxifloxacin for isoniazid during intensive phase treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. 2009. 180(3): pp. 273\u201380."},{"key":"10419_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Denkinger CM et al. Defining the needs for next generation assays for tuberculosis. 2015. 211(suppl_2): pp. S29-S38.","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiu821"},{"key":"10419_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lawn SD et al. Screening for HIV-associated tuberculosis and rifampicin resistance before antiretroviral therapy using the Xpert MTB\/RIF assay: a prospective study. 2011. 8(7): p. e1001067.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001067"},{"key":"10419_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pawlowski A et al. Tuberculosis and HIV co-infection. 2012;8(2): p. e1002464.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1002464"},{"key":"10419_CR14","unstructured":"guideline EF. M.o.H.J.T., Guidelines for Clinical and Programmatic Management of TB, TB\/HIV, DR-TB and Leprosy in Ethiopia. 2021."},{"key":"10419_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tesfaye B et al. The twin epidemics: prevalence of TB\/HIV co-infection and its associated factors in Ethiopia; a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2018. 13(10): p. e0203986.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0203986"},{"key":"10419_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1386113","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1386113","volume":"12","author":"FK Bizuneh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bizuneh FK, et al. Tuberculosis-associated mortality and risk factors for HIV-infected population in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health. 2024;12:1386113.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"10419_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0003528","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0003528","volume":"4","author":"F Kebede Bizuneh","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kebede Bizuneh F, et al. Proportion of active tuberculosis among HIV-infected children after antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLOS Glob Public Health. 2024;4(8):e0003528.","journal-title":"PLOS Glob Public Health"},{"key":"10419_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stovold E et al. Study flow diagrams in Cochrane systematic review updates: an adapted PRISMA flow diagram. 2014;3: pp. 1\u20135.","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-3-54"},{"key":"10419_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moher D et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement. 2015;4: pp. 1\u20139.","DOI":"10.1186\/2046-4053-4-1"},{"key":"10419_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Articlei4919","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4919","volume":"355","author":"J Sterne","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sterne J, et al. ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised atudies of intervenyion. BMJ. 2016;355:Articlei4919.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"7414","key":"10419_CR21","first-page":"557","volume":"327","author":"JP Higgins","year":"2003","unstructured":"Higgins JP, et al. Measuring Inconsistency meta-analyses. 2003;327(7414):557\u201360.","journal-title":"Measuring Inconsistency meta-analyses"},{"key":"10419_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wondimeneh Y, Muluye D. and Y.J.B.r.n. Belyhun, Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis and immunological profile of HIV co-infected patients in Northwest Ethiopia. 2012;5: pp. 1\u20136.","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-5-331"},{"key":"10419_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mama M et al. Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis and associated factors among HIV positive patients attending antiretroviral therapy clinic at Arba Minch general hospital, southern Ethiopia. 2018. 12: p. 163.","DOI":"10.2174\/1874285801812010163"},{"issue":"2","key":"10419_CR24","first-page":"588","volume":"16","author":"AA Mitku","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mitku AA, et al. Prevalence and associated factors of TB\/HIV co-infection among HIV infected patients in Amhara region. Ethiopia. 2016;16(2):588\u201395.","journal-title":"Ethiopia"},{"key":"10419_CR25","first-page":"205031212211224","volume":"10","author":"BT Gisso","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gisso BT, Hordofa MW. D.J.S.o.m. Ormago, Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis and associated factors among adults living with HIV\/AIDS attending public hospitals in Shashamene Town, Oromia Region. South Ethiopia. 2022;10:20503121221122437.","journal-title":"South Ethiopia"},{"key":"10419_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fekadu S, Teshome W. and G.J.T.J.o.I.i.D.C. Alemu, Prevalence and determinants of tuberculosis among HIV infected patients in south Ethiopia. 2015;9(08): pp. 898\u2013904.","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.5667"},{"key":"10419_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ahmed Esmael AE et al. Tuberculosis and human immune deficiency virus co-infection in Debre Markos referral hospital in Northwest Ethiopia: a five years retrospective study. 2013.","DOI":"10.4172\/2155-6113.1000263"},{"key":"10419_CR28","unstructured":"Tuberculosis. and HIV, WHO, Editor. 2020."},{"key":"10419_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Belay M, Bjune GA. and F.J.G.h.a. Abebe, Tuberculosis and HIV infection among pulmonary tuberculosis suspects in a predominantly pastoralist area. Northeast Ethiopia. 2015. 8.","DOI":"10.3402\/gha.v8.27949"},{"issue":"2","key":"10419_CR30","first-page":"1023","volume":"3","author":"A Ali","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ali A, et al. Preval Pulmonary Tuberculosis HIV\/AIDS Subj. 2016;3(2):1023.","journal-title":"Preval Pulmonary Tuberculosis HIV\/AIDS Subj"},{"key":"10419_CR31","first-page":"1","volume":"8","author":"BJ Ngowi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ngowi BJ, et al. Pulmonary tuberculosis among people living with HIV\/AIDS attending care and treatment. Rural North Tanzan. 2008;8:1\u20137.","journal-title":"Rural North Tanzan"},{"key":"10419_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singhal S, P.J.A.P.J.o.T B, Jaiswa. Presentation of tuberculosis in TB-HIV co-infection patients and the treatment outcome with directly observed short course therapy. 2011. 1(2): pp. S266\u20137.","DOI":"10.1016\/S2221-1691(11)60168-8"},{"key":"10419_CR33","unstructured":"Verma S et al. Prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis among HIV infected persons in Pokhara, Nepal. 2012."},{"key":"10419_CR34","unstructured":"Duru C et al. Prevalence of active pulmonary tuberculosis among HIV positive patients attending adult HIV Clinic in a Teaching Hospital in Imo State, South East, Nigeria: a 6 year review (2006\u20132012). 2014. 1(6): pp. 10\u201320."},{"key":"10419_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rogers K, Gertrude N, Enoch MJJoTR. Pulmonary Tuberculosis in HIV\/AIDS Patients Attending Art Clinic in Bududa General Hospital, Bududa District, Uganda. 2019;7(3): pp. 135\u2013142.","DOI":"10.4236\/jtr.2019.73013"},{"key":"10419_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tadesse H et al. Magnitude of pulmonary tuberculosis-human immunodeficiency virus co-infections among patients who had sputum examination at Minjar Health Center in Eastern Ethiopia: a retrospective study. 2014. 6(7): pp. 148\u201351.","DOI":"10.5897\/JAHR2014.0308"},{"key":"10419_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kibiki GS et al. Laboratory diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in TB and HIV endemic settings and the contribution of real time PCR for M. Tuberculosis in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. 2007. 12(10): pp. 1210\u20137.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2007.01907.x"},{"key":"10419_CR38","unstructured":"Putong NM et al. Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection among HIV\/AIDS patients in Thailand: clinical manifestations and outcomes. 2002;46: p. 17.0."},{"key":"10419_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bhattacharya MK et al. Pulmonary tuberculosis among HIV seropositives attending a counseling center in Kolkata. 2011. 55(4): pp. 329\u201331.","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-557X.92419"},{"key":"10419_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yasmin T, K.J.I.J.L.S.S R, Nandan. Correlation of pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV positive patients and its association with CD4 count. 2016. 2(6): pp. 733\u20136.","DOI":"10.21276\/ijlssr.2016.2.6.13"},{"key":"10419_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Albuquerque YMMd et al. Quantitative real-time PCR (q-PCR) for sputum smear diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis among people with HIV\/AIDS. 2014. 56: pp. 139\u201342.","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652014000200009"},{"key":"10419_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu E et al. Tuberculosis incidence rate and risk factors among HIV-infected adults with access to antiretroviral therapy. 2015. 29(11): pp. 1391\u20139.","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000705"},{"key":"10419_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pathmanathan I et al. Incidence and predictors of tuberculosis among HIV-infected adults after initiation of antiretroviral therapy in Nigeria, 2004\u20132012. 2017. 12(3): p. e0173309.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0173309"},{"key":"10419_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Henostroza G et al. High prevalence of tuberculosis in newly enrolled HIV patients in Zambia: need for enhanced screening approach. 2016. 20(8): pp. 1033\u20139.","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.15.0651"},{"key":"10419_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Majigo M et al. Prevalence and incidence rate of tuberculosis among HIV-infected patients enrolled in HIV care, treatment, and support program in mainland Tanzania. 2020. 48: pp. 1\u20138.","DOI":"10.1186\/s41182-020-00264-1"},{"key":"10419_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Azanaw MM et al. Incidence and predictors of tuberculosis among HIV patients after initiation of antiretroviral treatment in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 2021. 49: pp. 1\u201311.","DOI":"10.1186\/s41182-021-00306-2"},{"key":"10419_CR47","unstructured":"Obeagu EI, E.C.J.I.J.A.R.B S, Onuoha. Tuberculosis among HIV patients: a review of Prevalence and Associated factors. 2023. 10(9): pp. 128\u201334."},{"issue":"2","key":"10419_CR48","first-page":"81","volume":"19","author":"Z Iliyasu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Iliyasu Z. M.J.J.o.e. Babashani, Prevalence and predictors of tuberculosis coinfection among HIV-seropositive patients attending the Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital. North Nigeria. 2009;19(2):81\u20137.","journal-title":"North Nigeria"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-024-10419-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-024-10419-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-024-10419-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]],"date-time":"2025-01-09T15:03:36Z","timestamp":1736435016000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-024-10419-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10419"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-024-10419-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This section is not applicable because this study is a systematic review and Meta-analysis.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical trial number"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"49"}}