{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T19:41:19Z","timestamp":1781811679746,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744243200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744243200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Kunming science and technology plan project","award":["2024-1-NS-0032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024-1-NS-0032"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-025-10883-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T08:07:52Z","timestamp":1744272472000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Clinical and radiological characteristics of parenchymal and meningeal spinal tuberculosis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Qiu-Lan","family":"Shan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Le","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu-Wen","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia-Lu","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Gan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling-Jun","family":"Shen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10883_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000920","volume":"34","author":"S Dian","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dian S, Ganiem AR, van Laarhoven A. Central nervous system tuberculosis. Curr Opin Neurol. 2021;34(3):396\u2013402. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/WCO.0000000000000920.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10883_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00435-X","volume":"21","author":"J Huynh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Huynh J, Donovan J, Phu NH, Nghia HDT, Thuong NTT, Thwaites GE. Tuberculous meningitis: progress and remaining questions. Lancet Neurol. 2022;21(5):450\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1474-4422(21)00435-X.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10883_CR3","first-page":"72","volume":"66","author":"S Ratre","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ratre S, Choudhary S, Yadav Y, Parihar V, Bajaj J, Pateriya A. Concurrent intramedullary and intracranial tuberculomass. J Assoc Physicians India. 2018;66(4):72\u20134.","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"issue":"2","key":"10883_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.4103\/aian.aian_578_22","volume":"26","author":"D Garg","year":"2023","unstructured":"Garg D, Radhakrishnan DM, Agrawal U, Vanjare HA, Gandham EJ, Manesh A. Tuberculosis of the spinal cord. Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 2023;26(2):112\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/aian.aian_578_22.","journal-title":"Ann Indian Acad Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10883_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.1004-583X.2019.02.003","volume":"34","author":"F Xiang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xiang F, Zhang X, Huang DH, Yu SY. Progress in diagnosis and treatment of intraspinal tuberculosis. Clin Focus. 2019;34(2):111\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3969\/j.issn.1004-583X.2019.02.003.","journal-title":"Clin Focus"},{"issue":"3","key":"10883_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.19982\/j.issn.1000-6621.20210711","volume":"44","author":"D Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li D, Lv Y, Lv PX. Study of MRI characteristics of spinal tuberculous meningitis and the change after Anti-tuberculosis treatment. Chin J Antituberculosis. 2022;44(3):258\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19982\/j.issn.1000-6621.20210711.","journal-title":"Chin J Antituberculosis"},{"issue":"9","key":"10883_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1038\/sc.2015.58","volume":"53","author":"RK Garg","year":"2015","unstructured":"Garg RK, Malhotra HS, Gupta R. Spinal cord involvement in tuberculous meningitis. Spinal Cord. 2015;53(9):649\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sc.2015.58.","journal-title":"Spinal Cord"},{"issue":"12","key":"10883_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.19982\/j.issn.1000-6621.20230240","volume":"45","author":"X Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li X, Wei JL, Fu XW, Qi M, Gan W, Cun XH. Manifestations and classification of MRI imaging of spinal cord tuberculosis. Chin J Antituberculosis. 2023;45(12):1186\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19982\/j.issn.1000-6621.20230240.","journal-title":"Chin J Antituberculosis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10883_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sult.2023.03.011","volume":"44","author":"TA Hermes","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hermes TA, Jarry VM, Reis F, Minatel E. Anatomy and imaging of the spinal cord: an overview. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2023t;44(5):400\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.sult.2023.03.011.","journal-title":"Semin Ultrasound CT MR"},{"issue":"7","key":"10883_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn311365-20200606-00645","volume":"38","author":"Tuberculous meningitis Professional Committee, Chinese Medical Association Tuberculosis Branch","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tuberculous meningitis Professional Committee, Chinese Medical Association Tuberculosis Branch. 2019 Chinese guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system tuberculosis. Chin J Infect Dis. 2020;38(7):400\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3760\/cma.j.cn311365-20200606-00645.","journal-title":"Chin J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10883_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/jon.13177","volume":"34","author":"L Mertiri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mertiri L, Freiling JT, Desai NK, Kralik SF, Huisman TAGM. Pediatric and adult meningeal, parenchymal, and spinal tuberculosis: A neuroimaging review. J Neuroimaging. 2024;34(2):179\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jon.13177.","journal-title":"J Neuroimaging"},{"key":"10883_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1040071","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1040071","volume":"10","author":"M Huang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Huang M, Ma Y, Ji X, et al. A study of risk factors for tuberculous meningitis among patients with tuberculosis in China: an analysis of data between 2012 and 2019. Front Public Health. 2023;10:1040071. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1040071. Published 2023 Jan 27.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"10883_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000648","volume":"33","author":"J Donovan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Donovan J, Thwaites GE, Huynh J. Tuberculous meningitis: where to from here? Curr. Opin Infect Dis. 2020;33:259\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000648.","journal-title":"Opin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10883_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.2217\/bmm-2019-0333","volume":"14","author":"V Poplin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Poplin V, Boulware DR, Bahr NC. Methods for rapid diagnosis of meningitis etiology in adults. Biomark Med. 2020;14(6):459\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2217\/bmm-2019-0333.","journal-title":"Biomark Med"},{"key":"10883_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0044-1788998","volume":"3","author":"S Agarwal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Agarwal S, Charan BD, Shah SA, Singh E, Garg A. Imaging Neurotuberculosis Indographics. 2024;3:135\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0044-1788998.","journal-title":"Imaging Neurotuberculosis Indographics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10883_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina61020214","volume":"61","author":"A Holstroma","year":"2025","unstructured":"Holstroma A, Balodis A, Brokans A, Viksna A. Prolonged corticosteroid use in the treatment of tuberculous meningoencephalitis: A case report. Med (Kaunas). 2025;61(2):214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/medicina61020214. Published 2025 Jan 25.","journal-title":"Med (Kaunas)"},{"key":"10883_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2018.11.366","volume":"79","author":"Y Liu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Liu Y, Wang Z, Yao G, et al. Paradoxical reaction in HIV-negative tuberculous meningitis patients with spinal involvement. Int J Infect Dis. 2019;79:104\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2018.11.366.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10883_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1097\/RMR.0000000000000023","volume":"23","author":"C Torres","year":"2014","unstructured":"Torres C, Riascos R, Figueroa R, Gupta RK. Central nervous system tuberculosis. Top Magn Reson Imaging. 2014;23(3):173\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/RMR.0000000000000023.","journal-title":"Top Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"4","key":"10883_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nic.2012.05.006","volume":"22","author":"D Patkar","year":"2012","unstructured":"Patkar D, Narang J, Yanamandala R, Lawande M, Shah GV. Central nervous system tuberculosis: pathophysiology and imaging findings. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2012;22(4):677\u2013705. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nic.2012.05.006.","journal-title":"Neuroimaging Clin N Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"10883_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592e","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2011.01.045","volume":"76","author":"N Malik","year":"2011","unstructured":"Malik N, Behari S, Ansari MS, Jaiswal AK, Gupta P, Jain M. An intramedullary tuberculous abscess of the Conus in a 5-year-old child presenting with urinary dysfunction. World Neurosurg. 2011;76(6):592e. 15-592.e5.92E18.","journal-title":"World Neurosurg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10883_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2014.04.006","volume":"7","author":"RS Jain","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jain RS, Handa R, Srivastava T, et al. Intramedullary craniovertebral junction tuberculoma: an uncommon location of a common disease. J Infect Public Health. 2014;7(4):365\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jiph.2014.04.006.","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"key":"10883_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117278","volume":"421","author":"SM Katrak","year":"2021","unstructured":"Katrak SM. Central nervous system tuberculosis. J Neurol Sci. 2021;421:117278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2020.117278.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10883_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.034","volume":"395","author":"S Marais","year":"2018","unstructured":"Marais S, Roos I, Mitha A, Patel V, Bhigjee AI. Posttubercular Syringomyelia in HIV-infected patients: A report of 10 cases and literature review. J Neurol Sci. 2018;395:54\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jns.2018.09.034.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"10883_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000001031","volume":"27","author":"S Bhattacharyya","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bhattacharyya S, Bradshaw MJ. Infections of the spine and spinal cord. Continuum (Minneap Minn). 2021;27(4):887\u2013920. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/CON.0000000000001031.","journal-title":"Continuum (Minneap Minn)"},{"issue":"5","key":"10883_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sult.2023.03.015","volume":"44","author":"IC Miyoshi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Miyoshi IC, de Toledo AHN, Pereira FV, et al. Infectious myelitis. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2023;44(5):424\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.sult.2023.03.015.","journal-title":"Semin Ultrasound CT MR"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-025-10883-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-025-10883-w\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-025-10883-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]],"date-time":"2025-04-10T08:07:55Z","timestamp":1744272475000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-025-10883-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10883"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-025-10883-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 November 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 April 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Kunming Third People\u2019s Hospital (ethical batch number: KSLL20230711001). Due to the nature of retrospective study and anonymized patien\u2019s information, informed consent is waived with the approval of Ethics Committee of Kunming Third People\u2019s Hospital. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical trial number"}}],"article-number":"499"}}