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The current study aimed to investigate the prevalence of pathogens in patients with candidemia and evaluate the potential independent risk factors for\n                      <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      bloodstream infections (BSI), as well as the prognosis of candidemia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A retrospective bicentric observational study was performed, incorporating 132 candidemia episodes from two tertiary general hospitals in the Linyi area between January 2019 and December 2023. Data on demographic characteristics, underlying diseases, medical intervention, and antimicrobial sensitivity were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 27.0. Univariate analysis and binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for non\n                      <jats:italic>-albicans Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      infections and candidemia-related mortality.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 132 strains of\n                      <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      species were isolated from 132 patients with candidemia, with non\n                      <jats:italic>-albicans Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      accounting for 71.97% (95\/132) and\n                      <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      for 28.03%. Although\n                      <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      remains the predominant species, the proportion of\n                      <jats:italic>Candida tropicalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , mainly from the Hematology Ward, is approaching that of\n                      <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      , which was mainly found in the intensive care unit (ICU) (27.27% versus 28.03%). Moreover,\n                      <jats:italic>Candida tropicalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , the most frequently isolated non\n                      <jats:italic>-albicans Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      species, exhibited poorer sensitivity to triazole drugs than other\n                      <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      species. Multivariate analysis identified gastrointestinal surgery (non-tumor) as an independent risk factor for\n                      <jats:italic>Candida albicans<\/jats:italic>\n                      BSI (odds ratio [OR]\u2009=\u20096.683, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.253\u201335.632,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.026). The 30-day mortality rate of candidemia in the current study was 30.3%. Binary logistic regression analysis identified several factors significantly associated with mortality, including age (OR\u2009=\u20091.038, 95% CI: 1.007\u20131.071,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.018) and septic shock (OR\u2009=\u20093.307, 95% CI: 1.205\u20139.071,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.020).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mortality rate of candidemia in the current study reached 30.3%, indicating a high disease burden. Recently, the proportion of non\n                      <jats:italic>-albicans Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      , especially\n                      <jats:italic>Candida tropicalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , has increased markedly. Therefore, increased attention should be given to patients with the identified risk factors to improve candidemia management and outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical trial number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Not applicable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-025-10908-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T14:42:06Z","timestamp":1744382526000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and outcome in candidemia: a retrospective five-year analysis from two tertiary general hospitals"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Tingting","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuhong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaosong","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiqing","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanxin","family":"Peng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"10908_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy776","volume":"68","author":"K Benedict","year":"2019","unstructured":"Benedict K, Jackson BR, Chiller T, Beer KD. 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Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2023;42(11):1389\u201394.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-025-10908-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-025-10908-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-025-10908-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T14:42:07Z","timestamp":1744382527000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-025-10908-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10908"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-025-10908-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 September 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 April 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The study was conducted in accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Science and Technology Ethics Committee, Linyi People\u2019s Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University (approval No.202408-H-013). Due to the retrospective and observational characteristics of the study, the Science and Technology Ethics Committee waived the requirement for informed consent. All patient data were anonymous prior to the analysis.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"512"}}