{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T16:29:42Z","timestamp":1789576182104,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758672000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758672000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding","award":["2022-PUMCH-C-013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022-PUMCH-C-013"]}]},{"name":"Peking Union Medical Foundation","award":["Chen Zhiqian Health Research and Decision Project"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Chen Zhiqian Health Research and Decision Project"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-025-11331-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T18:45:42Z","timestamp":1758739542000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Diagnostic accuracy of T-SPOT.TB and TST in detecting active tuberculosis in patients with rheumatic immune diseases: a fully matched comparative study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Hangxing","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanchun","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lifan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoqing","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"11331_CR1","volume-title":"Global tuberculosis report 2024","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2024","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2024. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2024."},{"issue":"19","key":"11331_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scib.2024.04.075","volume":"69","author":"MC Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li MC, Li CQ, Cao MZ, Lu K, Wu CY, Wang JX, Wei C, Zhao JL, Wang Q, Tian X, et al. Incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus in urban china, 2013\u20132017: A nationwide population-based study. Sci Bull (Beijing). 2024;69(19):3089\u201397.","journal-title":"Sci Bull (Beijing)"},{"issue":"8","key":"11331_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2023.103359","volume":"22","author":"F Cao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cao F, Liu YC, Ni QY, Chen Y, Wan CH, Liu SY, Tao LM, Jiang ZX, Ni J, Pan HF. Temporal trends in the prevalence of autoimmune diseases from 1990 to 2019. Autoimmun Rev. 2023;22(8):103359.","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"11331_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e003650","DOI":"10.1136\/rmdopen-2023-003650","volume":"9","author":"FH Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang FH, Cui YR, Gao X. Time trends in the burden of autoimmune diseases across the BRICS: an age-period-cohort analysis for the GBD 2019. RMD Open. 2023;9(4):e003650.","journal-title":"RMD Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"11331_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e407","DOI":"10.1097\/RHU.0000000000001749","volume":"28","author":"C Alves","year":"2022","unstructured":"Alves C, Penedones A, Mendes D, Marques FB. The risk of infections associated with JAK inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. J Clin Rheumatol. 2022;28(2):e407\u201314.","journal-title":"J Clin Rheumatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"11331_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2022-223335","volume":"82","author":"GE Fragoulis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fragoulis GE, Nikiphorou E, Dey M, Zhao SS, Courvoisier DS, Arnaud L, Atzeni F, Behrens GM, Bijlsma JW, B\u00f6hm P, et al. 2022 EULAR recommendations for screening and prophylaxis of chronic and opportunistic infections in adults with autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Ann Rheum Dis. 2023;82(6):742\u201353.","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"11331_CR7","first-page":"599","volume":"13","author":"DX Wang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wang DX, Ma L. The review analysis of Chinese systemic lupus erythematosus patients complicated with tuberculosis infection. Chin J Rheumatol. 2009;13(9):599\u2013602.","journal-title":"Chin J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"11331_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13218","volume":"290","author":"X Xiao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Xiao X, Da G, Xie X, Liu X, Zhang L, Zhou B, Li H, Li P, Yang H, Chen H, et al. Tuberculosis in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus-a 37-year longitudinal survey-based study. J Intern Med. 2021;290(1):101\u201315.","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"11331_CR9","first-page":"615","volume":"27","author":"R Zhang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhang R, Liu G, Sun YL. Clinical analysis of 93 cases of systemic lupus erythematosus combined with tuberculosis. J South Med Univ. 2007;27(5):615\u20137.","journal-title":"J South Med Univ"},{"issue":"14","key":"11331_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1699","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203319882759","volume":"28","author":"CF Cheng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cheng CF, Huang YM, Lu CH, Hsieh SC, Li KJ. Prednisolone dose during treatment of tuberculosis might be a risk factor for mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A hospital-based cohort study. Lupus. 2019;28(14):1699\u2013704.","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"issue":"22","key":"11331_CR11","first-page":"6603","volume":"5","author":"HX Yang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yang HX, Lv W, Fan HW, Liu XQ, Li TS. The clinical characteristics of 11 systemic lupus erythematosus patients with central nervous system tuberculosis infection. Chin J Clin (Electronic Edition). 2011;5(22):6603\u20137.","journal-title":"Chin J Clin (Electronic Edition)"},{"key":"11331_CR12","volume-title":"Global tuberculosis report 2022","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2022","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Global tuberculosis report 2022. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2022."},{"issue":"07","key":"11331_CR13","first-page":"642","volume":"17","author":"LX Wang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wang LX, Cheng SM, Zhou L. People\u2019s Republic of China health industry standard: diagnosis for pulmonary tuberculosis: WS288-2017. Chin J Infect Control. 2018;17(07):642\u201352.","journal-title":"Chin J Infect Control"},{"issue":"10","key":"11331_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(18)30355-4","volume":"18","author":"I Abubakar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Abubakar I, Drobniewski F, Southern J, Sitch AJ, Jackson C, Lipman M, Deeks JJ, Griffiths C, Bothamley G, Lynn W, et al. Prognostic value of interferon-\u03b3 release assays and tuberculin skin test in predicting the development of active tuberculosis (UK PREDICT TB): a prospective cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2018;18(10):1077\u201387.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"11331_CR15","unstructured":"Collaborative Group for Tuberculosis Prevention and Control in Patients with Rheumatic disease in China, Chinese Society of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine Chinese Medical Association, Chinese Society of Rheumatology Chinese Medical Association, Chinese Society of Tuberculosis Chinese Medical Association. Chinese Society of Infectious Diseases Chinese Medical Association: Practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of tuberculosis in patients with rheumatic disease. Chin Med J (Engl). 2025:1-3."},{"issue":"1","key":"11331_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijtb.2022.03.011","volume":"70","author":"S Prakash Babu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Prakash Babu S, Ezhumalai K, Raghupathy K, Sundaresan M, Jain K, Narasimhan PB, Knudsen S, Horsburgh CR, Hochberg NS, Salgame P, et al. Comparison of IGRA and TST in the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis among women of reproductive age in South India. Indian J Tuberc. 2023;70(1):12\u20136.","journal-title":"Indian J Tuberc"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"11331_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2022.02.047","volume":"124","author":"D Goletti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Goletti D, Delogu G, Matteelli A, Migliori GB. The role of IGRA in the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection, differentiating from active tuberculosis, and decision making for initiating treatment or preventive therapy of tuberculosis infection. Int J Infect Dis. 2022;124(Suppl 1):S12\u20139.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"11331_CR18","first-page":"143","volume":"45","author":"Chinese Society for Tuberculosis CMA","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chinese Society for Tuberculosis CMA. Expert opinions on clinical application of interferon-gamma release assay of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2021 edition). Chin J Tuberc Respir Dis. 2022;45(2):143\u201350.","journal-title":"Chin J Tuberc Respir Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"11331_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2015-207811","volume":"71","author":"SH Wong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wong SH, Gao Q, Tsoi KK, Wu WK, Tam LS, Lee N, Chan FK, Wu JC, Sung JJ, Ng SC. Effect of immunosuppressive therapy on interferon gamma release assay for latent tuberculosis screening in patients with autoimmune diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Thorax. 2016;71(1):64\u201372.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"1","key":"11331_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2303","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2021.2004864","volume":"10","author":"XQ Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu XQ, Zhang LF, Zhang FC, Zeng XF, Zhao Y, Wang Q, Liu S, Zuo X, Zhang Z, Wu H, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of active tuberculosis in patients with rheumatic diseases: A multi-center, cross-sectional study in China. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2021;10(1):2303\u201312.","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"9364","key":"11331_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1168","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12950-9","volume":"361","author":"K Ewer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ewer K, Deeks J, Alvarez L, Bryant G, Waller S, Andersen P, Monk P, Lalvani A. Comparison of T-cell-based assay with tuberculin skin test for diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in a school tuberculosis outbreak. Lancet. 2003;361(9364):1168\u201373.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"11331_CR22","volume-title":"Interferon test","author":"B Gilani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gilani B, Sergent SR. Interferon test. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls; 2024."},{"key":"11331_CR23","volume-title":"PPD skin test","author":"P Pahal","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pahal P, Pollard EJ, Sharma S. PPD skin test. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls; 2024."},{"issue":"4","key":"11331_CR24","first-page":"699","volume":"66","author":"R Mungmunpuntipatip","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mungmunpuntipatip R, Wiwnaitkit V. IGRA-ELISA for tuberculosis diagnosis. Clin Lab. 2020;66(4):699.","journal-title":"Clin Lab."},{"issue":"12","key":"11331_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203316639381","volume":"25","author":"H Cho","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cho H, Kim YW, Suh CH, Jung JY, Um YJ, Jung JH, Kim HA. Concordance between the tuberculin skin test and interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) for diagnosing latent tuberculosis infection in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and patient characteristics associated with an indeterminate IGRA. Lupus. 2016;25(12):1341\u20138.","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"11331_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948652","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.948652","volume":"10","author":"G Tang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tang G, Chen XX, Han YX, Peng Q, Liu JJ, Liu Y, Guo HM, Wu X, Liu J, Zhou Q, et al. Clinical characteristics and related influencing factors of common rheumatic diseases concomitant with tuberculosis. Front Public Health. 2022;10:948652.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"11331_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1080\/23744235.2019.1682187","volume":"52","author":"W Long","year":"2020","unstructured":"Long W, Cai F, Wang XY, Zheng N, Wu R. High risk of activation of latent tuberculosis infection in rheumatic disease patients. Infect Dis (Lond). 2020;52(2):80\u20136.","journal-title":"Infect Dis (Lond)"},{"issue":"10","key":"11331_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.31083\/j.fbl2710282","volume":"27","author":"L Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang L, Zhang JW, Yang SY, Ye P, Chen S, Li J, Lu LJ. Performance of LTBI screening in patients with rheumatic diseases using two different interferon-gamma releasing assays. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2022;27(10):282.","journal-title":"Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)"},{"key":"11331_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2022.109132","volume":"245","author":"GZ Zhou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou GZ, Luo QY, Luo SQ, He J, Chen N, Zhang Y, Yang R, Qiu YB, Li S, Ping Q, et al. Positive rates of interferon-\u03b3 release assay and tuberculin skin test in detection of latent tuberculosis infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis of 200,000 head-to-head comparative tests. Clin Immunol. 2022;245:109132.","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"11331_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2015-207811","volume":"71","author":"SH Wong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wong SH, Gao Q, Tsoi KK, Wu WK, Tam LS, Lee N, Chan FK, Wu JC, Sung JJ, Ng SC. Effect of immunosuppressive therapy on interferon \u03b3 release assay for latent tuberculosis screening in patients with autoimmune diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Thorax. 2016;71(1):64\u201372.","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"11331_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2528676","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/2528676","volume":"2020","author":"YX Liu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Liu YX, Zhang LF, Zhou ZY, Sun LX, Zhou BT, Liu XQ, Zheng WJ. Clinical features and risk factors of active tuberculosis in patients with Beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease. J Immunol Res. 2020;2020:2528676.","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"11331_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-019-3954-y","volume":"19","author":"XH Wu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wu XH, Chen P, Wei W, Zhou MY, Li CR, Liu JJ, Zhao L, Zhang L, Zhao Y, Zeng X, et al. Diagnostic value of the interferon-\u03b3 release assay for tuberculosis infection in patients with beh\u00e7et\u2019s disease. BMC Infect Dis. 2019;19(1):323.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"11331_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3127","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-012-1674-y","volume":"31","author":"Y Dai","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dai Y, Feng Y, Xu R, Xu W, Lu W, Wang J. Evaluation of interferon-gamma release assays for the diagnosis of tuberculosis: an updated meta-analysis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2012;31(11):3127\u201337.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"11331_CR34","first-page":"669","volume":"49","author":"A Chauhan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chauhan A, Parmar M, Dash G, Solanki H, Chauhan S, Sahoo KC, Vadera B, Rao R, Kumar R, Rade K, et al. Prevalence of tuberculosis infection among various risk groups in india: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Indian J Community Med. 2024;49(5):669\u201380.","journal-title":"Indian J Community Med"},{"key":"11331_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1295299","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1295299","volume":"10","author":"ED Meregildo-Rodriguez","year":"2023","unstructured":"Meregildo-Rodriguez ED, Yupt\u00f3n-Ch\u00e1vez V, Asmat-Rubio MG, V\u00e1squez-Tirado GA. Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) in health-care workers: a cross-sectional study at a Northern Peruvian hospital. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023;10:1295299.","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"issue":"3","key":"11331_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-149-3-200808050-00241","volume":"149","author":"M Pai","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pai M, Zwerling A, Menzies D. Systematic review: T-cell-based assays for the diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection: an update. Ann Intern Med. 2008;149(3):177\u201384.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"11331_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1389","DOI":"10.1590\/0034-7167-2018-0285","volume":"72","author":"SH Bastos","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bastos SH, Taminato M, Fernandes H, Figueiredo T, Nichiata LYI, Hino P. Sociodemographic and health profile of TB\/HIV co-infection in brazil: a systematic review. Rev Bras Enferm. 2019;72(5):1389\u201396.","journal-title":"Rev Bras Enferm"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-025-11331-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-025-11331-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-025-11331-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T18:45:47Z","timestamp":1758739547000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-025-11331-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["11331"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-025-11331-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study involving human participants was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committees of Peking Union Medical College Hospital (No.S-715) and 12 participating hospitals. Written informed consents were obtained from all patients and their legal guardians if necessary. This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All authors confirm that the manuscript contains no personally identifiable information and consent to its submission for publication.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1121"}}