{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T02:35:31Z","timestamp":1793500531662,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758844800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758844800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Patients with immunodeficiency syndromes associated with anti-interferon-gamma (IFN-\u03b3) autoantibodies are prone to a wide range of infections, particularly those caused by intracellular pathogens such as nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) or <jats:italic>Talaromyces marneffei<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>T. marneffei<\/jats:italic>). However, disseminated <jats:italic>Mycobacterium kansasii<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>M. kansasii<\/jats:italic>) infection co-occurring with <jats:italic>T. marneffei<\/jats:italic> infection is relatively rare. Here, we present a case of disseminated <jats:italic>M. kansasii<\/jats:italic> disease complicated by <jats:italic>T. marneffei<\/jats:italic> infection in a patient with anti-IFN-\u03b3 autoantibodies.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A 52-year-old man presented with a persistent cough, back pain, fever, generalized rash, and multiple enlarged lymph nodes. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed hilar Masses, and technetium 99m (Tc-99m) skeletal scintigraphy showed multifocal increased osteoblastic activity. Histopathological examination of the hilar mass biopsy specimens revealed chronic suppurative inflammation. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of the right submandibular lymph node identified <jats:italic>M. kansasii<\/jats:italic>, while blood culture isolated <jats:italic>T. marneffei<\/jats:italic>. The patient was diagnosed with disseminated <jats:italic>M. kansasii<\/jats:italic> infection co-existing with <jats:italic>T. marneffei<\/jats:italic> infection. Additionally, he tested positive for anti-IFN-\u03b3 autoantibodies. Combination therapy for NTM-comprising isoniazid, clarithromycin, moxifloxacin, and linezolid\u2014in conjunction with antifungal therapy (amphotericin B followed by itraconazole) achieved a favorable clinical outcome.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Patients with anti-IFN-\u03b3 autoantibodies are at risk of developing multiple opportunistic bacterial infections, which may occur concurrently or sequentially, complicating diagnosis. Early detection using mNGS is critical in these cases, as it enables timely therapeutic adjustments and improves clinical outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-025-11535-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T09:36:25Z","timestamp":1758879385000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Disseminated Mycobacterium kansasii disease complicating Talaromyces marneffei infection in patient with anti-IFN-\u03b3 autoantibodies: a case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Sufang","family":"Wei","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dali","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinyu","family":"Qin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shenglin","family":"Mo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongsheng","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"11535_CR1","unstructured":"Chinese Medical Association Tuberculosis Society. 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Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi. 2021;2021(60):1106\u201328.","journal-title":"Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-025-11535-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-025-11535-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-025-11535-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T09:36:29Z","timestamp":1758879389000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-025-11535-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]]},"references-count":20,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["11535"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-025-11535-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 August 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 September 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The Ethics Committee of Liuzhou Peples\u2019 Hospital approved this report (Approval No.\u3000KY-E-05). Written informed consent was obtained from the patient before data collection.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The patient had given written informed consent to the publication of his personal or clinical details along with any identifying images in this study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1157"}}