{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:30:22Z","timestamp":1787020222712,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759881600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-025-11618-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T10:17:49Z","timestamp":1759918669000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The treatment success rate and associated factors among pulmonary bacteriologically confirmed and pulmonary clinically diagnosed drug susceptible TB coinfected with HIV in Teso Sub-Region, North-Eastern Uganda 2020\u20132021. a retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Saadick Mugerwa","family":"Ssentongo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Kwenya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bonniface","family":"Oryokot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"Opito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Alwedo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerald","family":"Ochieng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abraham","family":"Oluka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Sekiranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilian","family":"Onega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miya","family":"Yunus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mugisha","family":"Kenneth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baker","family":"Bakashaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"11618_CR1","unstructured":"WHO global TB R. Global Tuberculosis Report. 2022. 2022 [cited 2024 Dec 21]. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global-tuberculosis-programme\/tb-reports\/global-tuberculosis-report-2022"},{"key":"11618_CR2","unstructured":"WHO African Region. Tuberculosis in the WHO African Region: 2023 progress update. 2023. https:\/\/www.afro.who.int\/publications\/tuberculosis-who-african-region-2023-progress-update"},{"key":"11618_CR3","unstructured":"WHO global TB R. Global tuberculosis report 2020. Baltim Health News. 2020 [cited 2024 Dec 21];XLIX(9-10-11):8. Available from: https:\/\/www.dgs.pt\/tuberculose\/relatorios-e-publicacoes.aspx"},{"key":"11618_CR4","unstructured":"WHO global TB R. Global Tuberculosis Report. 2024. 2024 [cited 2024 Nov 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/global-tuberculosis-programme\/tb-reports\/global-tuberculosis-report-2024"},{"key":"11618_CR5","unstructured":"Report n, national tuberculosis and leprosy program report for the financial year\u00a02022\/23 - Ministry of Health | Government of Uganda [Internet]. [cited 2024 Dec 22]. Available from: https:\/\/www.health.go.ug\/cause\/national-tuberculosis-and-leprosy-program-report-for-the-financial-year-2022-23\/"},{"key":"11618_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Musaazi J, Kiragga AN, Castelnuovo B, Kambugu A, Bradley J, Rehman AM. Tuberculosis treatment success among rural and urban Ugandans living with HIV: a retrospective study. Public Heal Action. 2017 Jul 2 [cited 2024 Dec 30];7(2):100. Available from: https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC5493090\/","DOI":"10.5588\/pha.16.0115"},{"key":"11618_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Baluku JB, Nanyonjo R, Ayo J, Obwalatum JE, Nakaweesi J, Senyimba C et al. Trends of notification rates and treatment outcomes of tuberculosis cases with and without HIV co-infection in eight rural districts of Uganda (2015\u20132019). BMC Public Health. 2022 Dec 1 [cited 2024 Dec 30];22(1):1\u201310. Available from: https:\/\/bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-022-13111-1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-13111-1"},{"key":"11618_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nacarapa E, Muchiri E, Moon TD, Charalambous S, Verdu ME, Ramos JM et al. Effect of Xpert MTB\/RIF testing introduction and favorable outcome predictors for tuberculosis treatment among HIV infected adults in rural southern Mozambique. A retrospective cohort study. PLoS One. 2020 [cited 2025 Jul 9];15(3):e0229995. Available from: https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC7062249\/","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0229995"},{"key":"11618_CR9","unstructured":"Ministry of Health U. National strategic plan for tuberculosis and leprosy control: 2020\/21-2024\/25. 2020 [cited 2024 Dec 22]. pp. 1\u2013106. Available from: https:\/\/library.health.go.ug\/communicable-disease\/tuberculosis\/national-strategic-plan-tuberculosis-and-leprosy-control-202021"},{"key":"11618_CR10","unstructured":"Strategy wet. The end TB strategy. 2021 [cited 2024 Dec 22]. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/WHO-HTM-TB-2015.19"},{"key":"11618_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cuschieri S. The STROBE guidelines. Saudi J Anaesth. 2019 Apr 1 [cited 2024 Oct 8];13(Suppl 1):S31. Available from: https:\/\/www.pmc\/articles\/PMC6398292\/","DOI":"10.4103\/sja.SJA_543_18"},{"key":"11618_CR12","unstructured":"UBOS. NPHC 2024 \u2013 Preliminary Results | Enhanced Reader. 2024."},{"key":"11618_CR13","unstructured":"Uganda Summary UPHIA. Sheet 2020\u20132021 - PHIA Project. 2022. 2022 [cited 2024 May 31]. Available from: https:\/\/phia.icap.columbia.edu\/uganda-summary-sheet-2020-2021\/"},{"key":"11618_CR14","unstructured":"State Planning Commission. Multidimensional Poverty Index for Tamil Nadu. 2022 [cited 2025 Apr 30]; Available from: https:\/\/spc.tn.gov.in\/wp-content\/uploads\/MDPI_FTM.pdf"},{"key":"11618_CR15","unstructured":"Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) and ICF. 2017. UBOS.Uganda demographic and health survey 2016: Key Indicators Report: Kampala, Uganda:UBOS, and Rockville, Maryland USA : UBOS and ICF. https:\/\/www.ubos.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/publications\/03_2018Uganda_DHS_2016_KIR.pdf"},{"key":"11618_CR16","unstructured":"Bureau U, Government of Uganda Uganda Demographic and Health Survey 2022. 2023 [cited 2025 Apr 30]; Available from: https:\/\/www.ubos.org."},{"key":"11618_CR17","unstructured":"Manual of the National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Program, Uganda. 3rd Edition. 2017. https:\/\/health.go.ug\/sites\/default\/files\/NTLP%20Manual%203rd%20edition_17th%20Aug_final.pdf"},{"key":"11618_CR18","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). WHO consolidated guidelines on tuberculosis treatment. Who. 2020. 99 p. https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240007048"},{"key":"11618_CR19","unstructured":"WHO Treatment of Tuberculosis guidelines, Fourth edition.https:\/\/www.aidsdatahub.org\/sites\/default\/files\/resource\/treatment-tuberculosis-guidelines-fourth-edition.pdf"},{"key":"11618_CR20","unstructured":"TB W, Comprehensive TB. Guidelines for National Tuberculosis Program, V Edition. 2023 [cited 2024 Nov 3]. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/TLS-NTP-manual-2023"},{"key":"11618_CR21","unstructured":"STATA. Stata | StataCorp LLC [Internet]. 2024 [cited 2024 Nov 10]. Available from: https:\/\/www.stata.com\/company\/"},{"key":"11618_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gnardellis C, Notara V, Papadakaki M, Gialamas V, Chliaoutakis J. Overestimation of Relative Risk and Prevalence Ratio: Misuse of Logistic Modeling. 2022;1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics12112851","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics12112851"},{"key":"11618_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Floyd K, Glaziou P, Houben RMGJ, Sumner T, White RG, Raviglione M. Global tuberculosis targets and milestones set for 2016\u20132035: definition and rationale. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2018 Jul 1 [cited 2024 Dec 30];22(7):723. Available from: https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC6005124\/","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.17.0835"},{"key":"11618_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2020.11.032","volume":"60","author":"G Fekadu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fekadu G, Turi E, Kasu T, Bekele F, Chelkeba L, Tolossa T, et al. Impact of HIV status and predictors of successful treatment outcomes among tuberculosis patients: A six-year retrospective cohort study. Ann Med Surg. 2020;60:531\u201341.","journal-title":"Ann Med Surg"},{"key":"11618_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Selimin DS, Ismail A, Ahmad N, Ismail R, Farhana N, Azman M et al. Tuberculosis Treatment Outcome in Patients with TB-HIV Coinfection in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2021 [cited 2024 Dec 30]; Available from: https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/9923378","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9923378"},{"key":"11618_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Opito R, Kwenya K, Ssentongo SM, Kizito M, Alwedo S, Bakashaba B et al. Treatment success rate and associated factors among drug susceptible tuberculosis individuals in st. Kizito hospital, matany, Napak district, Karamoja region. A retrospective study. PLoS ONE. 2024;19(5 May). ps:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38743721\/","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0300916"},{"key":"11618_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jctube.2023.100375","volume":"32","author":"J Izudi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Izudi J, Okello G, Bajunirwe F. Low treatment success rate among previously treated persons with drug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis in kampala, Uganda. J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis. 2023;32:100375.","journal-title":"J Clin Tuberc Other Mycobact Dis"},{"key":"11618_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gebremariam MK, Bjune GA, Frich JC. Barriers and facilitators of adherence to TB treatment in patients on concomitant TB and HIV treatment: A qualitative study. BMC Public Health. 2010;10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2458-10-651","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-10-651"},{"issue":"5","key":"11618_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2016.11.018","volume":"10","author":"C Gugssa Boru","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gugssa Boru C, Shimels T, Bilal AI. Factors contributing to non-adherence with treatment among TB patients in Sodo woreda, gurage zone, Southern ethiopia: A qualitative study. J Infect Public Health. 2017;10(5):527\u201333.","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"key":"11618_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nidoi J, Muttamba W, Walusimbi S, Imoko JF, Lochoro P, Ictho J et al. Impact of socio-economic factors on Tuberculosis treatment outcomes in north-eastern Uganda: a mixed methods study. BMC Public Health. 2021 Dec 1 [cited 2024 Dec 22];21(1):2167. Available from: https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8620143\/","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-12056-1"},{"key":"11618_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lukoye D, Kalamya JN, Awor AC, Gustavson G, Kabanda J, Ferroussier-Davis O et al. Treatment Outcomes for Tuberculosis Infection and Disease Among Persons Deprived of Liberty, Uganda, 2020. Emerg Infect Dis. 2024 Jul 1 [cited 2024 Dec 23];30(7):1402\u20135. Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/38916570\/","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3007.230611"},{"key":"11618_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101505","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2024.101505","volume":"25","author":"A Kumar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kumar A, Harakuni S, Paranjape R, Korabu AS, Prasad JB. Factors determining successful treatment outcome among notified tuberculosis patients in Belagavi district of North karnataka, India. Clin Epidemiol Glob Heal. 2024;25:101505.","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol Glob Heal"},{"key":"11618_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abera EG, Yeshitla W, Kene K, Gerema U, Assefa Y. Comparing the Treatment Outcomes of Tuberculosis Patients in a Private Clinic with a Governmental Health Center in Jimma City, Ethiopia: Retrospective Study. Infect Drug Resist. 2022 [cited 2025 Jul 9];15:2491. Available from: https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC9109888\/","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S354855"},{"key":"11618_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Musaazi J, Kiragga AN, Castelnuovo B, Kambugu A, Bradley J, Rehman AM. Tuberculosis treatment success among rural and urban Ugandans living with HIV: a retrospective study. Public Heal Action. 2017 Jul 2 [cited 2025 Jul 9];7(2):100. Available from: https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC5493090\/","DOI":"10.5588\/pha.16.0115"},{"key":"11618_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gebrezgabiher G, Romha G, Ejeta E, Asebe G, Zemene E, Ameni G. Treatment outcome of tuberculosis patients under directly observed treatment short course and factors affecting outcome in southern Ethiopia: A five-year retrospective study. PLoS One. 2016 Feb 1 [cited 2025 Jul 9];11(2). Available from: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/26918458\/","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0150560"},{"key":"11618_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ade S, Adjibod\u00e9 O, Wachinou P, Toundoh N, Awanou B, Agodokpessi G et al. Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes of Retreatment Tuberculosis Patients in Benin. Tuberc Res Treat. 2016 Jan 1 [cited 2024 Dec 30];2016(1):1468631. Available from: https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/1468631","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/1468631"},{"key":"11618_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Njiro BJ, Kisonga R, Joachim C, Sililo GA, Nkiligi E, Ibisomi L et al. Epidemiology and treatment outcomes of recurrent tuberculosis in Tanzania from 2018 to 2021 using the National TB dataset. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2024 Feb 1 [cited 2024 Dec 30];18(2):e0011968. Available from: https:\/\/journals.plos.org\/plosntds\/article?id=10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011968","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011968"},{"issue":"6","key":"11618_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2015.03.006","volume":"129","author":"NN Ambadekar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ambadekar NN, Zodpey SP, Soni RN, Lanjewar SP. Treatment outcome and its attributes in TB-HIV co-infected patients registered under revised National TB control program: a retrospective cohort analysis. Public Health. 2015;129(6):783\u20139.","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"11618_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Law S, Daftary A, O\u2019Donnell M, Padayatchi N, Calzavara L, Menzies D. Interventions to improve retention-in-care and treatment adherence among patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis: a systematic review. Eur Respir J. 2019 Jan 10 [cited 2025 May 1];53(1). Available from: https:\/\/publications.ersnet.org\/content\/erj\/53\/1\/1801030","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01030-2018"},{"key":"11618_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Winter N, Russell L, Ugalde A, White V, Livingston P. Engagement Strategies to Improve Adherence and Retention in Web-Based Mindfulness Programs: Systematic Review. J Med Internet Res. 2022 Jan 1 [cited 2025 May 1];24(1):e30026. Available from: https:\/\/www.jmir.org\/2022\/1\/e30026","DOI":"10.2196\/30026"},{"key":"11618_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Geiger K, Patil A, Budhathoki C, Dooley KE, Lowensen K, Ndjeka N et al. Relationship between HIV viral suppression and multidrug resistant tuberculosis treatment outcomes. PLOS Glob Public Heal. 2024 May 1 [cited 2024 Dec 30];4(5):e0002714. Available from: https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC11073678\/","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0002714"},{"key":"11618_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Modongo C, Wang Q, Dima M, Matsiri O, Kgwaadira B, Rankgoane-Pono G et al. Clinical and Virological Outcomes of TB\/HIV Coinfected Patients Treated with Dolutegravir-Based HIV Antiretroviral Regimens: Programmatic Experience from Botswana. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2019 Oct 1 [cited 2024 Dec 30];82(2):111\u20135. Available from: https:\/\/journals.lww.com\/jaids\/fulltext\/2019\/10010\/clinical_and_virological_outcomes_of_tb_hiv.1.aspx","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000002126"},{"key":"11618_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Olajide OS, Okonkwo P, Ajayi O, Adetoye D, Ogunsola OO, Ogundele O et al. Predictors of tuberculosis treatment outcomes among people living with HIV in some States in Nigeria. Pan Afr Med J. 2024 [cited 2024 Dec 30];47(149):149. Available from: https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC11204984\/","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2024.47.149.35719"},{"key":"11618_CR44","unstructured":"World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki. ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. Vol. 81, The Journal of the American College of Dentists. 2014 [cited 2025 May 14]. pp. 14\u20138. Available from: https:\/\/www.wma.net\/policies-post\/wma-declaration-of-helsinki\/"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-025-11618-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-025-11618-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-025-11618-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T10:18:00Z","timestamp":1759918680000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-025-11618-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["11618"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-025-11618-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval and informed consent waiver for the study were sought from the Mbale Hospital Research and Ethics Committee (REC), approval number MRRH-2025-558. Confidentiality was maintained by ensuring that individual patient-level data obtained was de-identified, encrypted, and passworded to ensure access by only an authorized team of investigators. Administrative clearance to collect and utilize medical records of the facilities was sought from the health facility in charge. This research was conducted in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration [\n                      \n                      ].","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1249"}}