{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T13:08:02Z","timestamp":1790341682309,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":73,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760054400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760054400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JP23K02953"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JP23K02953"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-025-11754-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T08:24:54Z","timestamp":1760084694000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Applicability and adaptation of cognitive behavior therapy for long COVID neuropsychiatric symptoms: a review with insights from ME\/CFS"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1704-6411","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Naoki","family":"Takamatsu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hironori","family":"Kuga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"11754_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Post COVID-19 condition (Long COVID). Available at: https:\/\/www.who.int\/europe\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/item\/post-covid-19-condition. Accessed February 25, 2025."},{"issue":"2","key":"11754_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2023.12.004","volume":"88","author":"C Fernandez-de-Las-Penas","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fernandez-de-Las-Penas C, Notarte KI, Macasaet R, et al. Persistence of post-COVID symptoms in the general population two years after SARS-CoV-2 infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect. 2024;88(2):77\u201388.","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"22","key":"11754_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2142","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.384","volume":"169","author":"MHWY Lam","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lam MHWY, Yu MW, Leung CM, et al. Mental morbidities and chronic fatigue in severe acute respiratory syndrome survivors: long-term follow-up. Arch Intern Med. 2009;169(22):2142\u20137.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"11754_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-02987-8","volume":"30","author":"M Cai","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cai M, Xie Y, Topol EJ, Al-Aly Z. Three-year outcomes of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19. Nat Med. 2024;30(6):1564\u201373.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"11754_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMp2109285","volume":"385","author":"SWM Phillips","year":"2021","unstructured":"Phillips SWM. Confronting our next national health disaster \u2014 long-haul covid. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(7):577\u20139.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"11754_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1187163","volume":"10","author":"AL Komaroff","year":"2023","unstructured":"Komaroff AL, Lipkin WI. ME\/CFS and long COVID share similar symptoms and biological abnormalities: road map to the literature. Front Med Lausanne. 2023;10:1187163.","journal-title":"Front Med Lausanne"},{"key":"11754_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13010066","author":"VA Ryabkova","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ryabkova VA, Gavrilova NY, Fedotkina TV, et al. Myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome and Post-COVID syndrome: a common neuroimmune ground? Diagnostics (Basel). 2022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics13010066.","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"11754_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2021.11.013","volume":"40","author":"OA Sukocheva","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sukocheva OA, Maksoud R, Beeraka NM, et al. Analysis of post COVID-19 condition and its overlap with myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome. J Adv Res. 2022;40:179\u201396.","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"11754_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-022-00846-2","volume":"21","author":"HE Davis","year":"2023","unstructured":"Davis HE, McCorkell L, Vogel JM, et al. Long COVID: major findings, mechanisms and recommendations. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2023;21(3):133\u201346.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"11754_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19094","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-45839-0","volume":"13","author":"J He","year":"2023","unstructured":"He J, Lin J, Sun W, et al. The effects of psychosocial and behavioral interventions on depressive and anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):19094.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"11754_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad257","volume":"77","author":"TA Kuut","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kuut TA, Muller F, Csorba I, et al. Efficacy of cognitive-behavioral therapy targeting severe fatigue following coronavirus disease 2019: results of a randomized controlled trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2023;77(5):687\u201395.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"11754_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad399","volume":"77","author":"SJK Biere-Rafi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Biere-Rafi SJK, Jurgens E, Kooij S, et al. Is cognitive behavioural therapy effective for Post-COVID fatigue? Clin Infect Dis. 2023;77(7):1074\u20135.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"11754_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JS C. Issues with expectation Bias, absence of data relating to objective trial outcome Measures, the use of low quality trial design methods and choice of flawed psychological model in recover trial for prolonged fatigue post COVID-19 infection. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 77(7): 1073\u20134.","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciad397"},{"key":"11754_CR14","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Myalgic encephalomyelitis (or encephalopathy)\/chronic fatigue syndrome: diagnosis and management (NG206). NICE, 2021."},{"issue":"6","key":"11754_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1007\/s12529-023-10254-2","volume":"31","author":"FMG Bermpohl","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bermpohl FMG, Kucharczyk-Bodenburg AC, Martin A. Efficacy and acceptance of cognitive behavioral therapy in adults with chronic fatigue syndrome: a meta-analysis. Int J Behav Med. 2024;31(6):895\u2013910.","journal-title":"Int J Behav Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"11754_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291723003148","volume":"54","author":"TA Kuut","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kuut TA, Buffart LM, Braamse AMJ, et al. Does the effect of cognitive behavior therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome (ME\/CFS) vary by patient characteristics? A systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis. Psychol Med. 2023;54(3):447\u201356.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"11754_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-023-02250-0","volume":"12","author":"A Natarajan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Natarajan A, Shetty A, Delanerolle G, et al. A systematic review and meta-analysis of long COVID symptoms. Syst Rev. 2023;12(1):88.","journal-title":"Syst Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"11754_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e063969","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-063969","volume":"13","author":"K Poole-Wright","year":"2023","unstructured":"Poole-Wright K, Guennouni I, Sterry O, et al. Fatigue outcomes following COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2023;13(4):e063969.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"12","key":"11754_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"961","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcn123","volume":"101","author":"A Hoad","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hoad A, Spickett G, Elliott J, et al. Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome is an under-recognized condition in chronic fatigue syndrome. QJM. 2008;101(12):961\u20135.","journal-title":"QJM"},{"issue":"3","key":"11754_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e023955","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-023955","volume":"9","author":"J Slomko","year":"2019","unstructured":"Slomko J, Newton JL, Kujawski S, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of chronic fatigue syndrome\/myalgic encephalomyelitis (CFS\/ME) in poland: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2019;9(3):e023955.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"12","key":"11754_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-023-01320-z","volume":"23","author":"R Hira","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hira R, Karalasingham K, Baker JR, et al. Autonomic manifestations of long COVID syndrome. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2023;23(12):881\u201392.","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"issue":"22","key":"11754_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1934","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2023.8823","volume":"329","author":"T Thaweethai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Thaweethai T, Jolley SE, Karlson EW, et al. Development of a definition of postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection. JAMA. 2023;329(22):1934\u201346.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"11754_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2024.04.015","volume":"119","author":"MB VanElzakker","year":"2024","unstructured":"VanElzakker MB, Bues HF, Brusaferri L, et al. Neuroinflammation in post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) as assessed by [11C]PBR28 PET correlates with vascular disease measures. Brain Behav Immun. 2024;119:713\u201323.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"10","key":"11754_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3106","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-024-02554-0","volume":"29","author":"EG Gutman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gutman EG, Salvio AL, Fernandes RA, et al. Long COVID: plasma levels of neurofilament light chain in mild COVID-19 patients with neurocognitive symptoms. Mol Psychiatry. 2024;29(10):3106\u201316.","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"11754_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1007\/s11357-024-01487-4","volume":"47","author":"M Fekete","year":"2025","unstructured":"Fekete M, Lehoczki A, Szappanos \u00c1, et al. Cerebromicrovascular mechanisms contributing to long COVID: implications for neurocognitive health. Geroscience. 2025;47(1):745\u201379.","journal-title":"Geroscience"},{"issue":"1","key":"11754_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-04979-1","volume":"22","author":"MEB Cornelissen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cornelissen MEB, Bloemsma LD, Vaes AW, et al. Fatigue and symptom-based clusters in post COVID-19 patients: a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study. J Transl Med. 2024;22(1):191.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"11754_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/neurolint15010001","volume":"15","author":"LA Jason","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jason LA, Dorri JA. ME\/CFS and post-exertional malaise among patients with long COVID. Neurol Int. 2022;15(1):1\u201311.","journal-title":"Neurol Int"},{"key":"11754_CR28","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome: Clinical overview. Available at: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/me-cfs\/hcp\/clinical-overview\/index.html. Accessed Feb 25, 2025."},{"issue":"11","key":"11754_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2861","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2021.07.004","volume":"96","author":"L Bateman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bateman L, Bested AC, Bonilla HF, et al. Myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome: essentials of diagnosis and management. Mayo Clin Proc. 2021;96(11):2861\u201378.","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"11754_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1386607","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1386607","volume":"15","author":"HE Arron","year":"2024","unstructured":"Arron HE, Marsh BD, Kell DB, et al. Myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome: the biology of a neglected disease. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1386607.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"11754_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pccm.2023.10.003","volume":"1","author":"Y Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu Y, Gu X, Li H, Zhang H, Xu J. Mechanisms of long COVID: an updated review. Chin Med J Pulm Crit Care Med. 2023;1(4):231\u201340.","journal-title":"Chin Med J Pulm Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"11754_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rpth.2024.102442","volume":"8","author":"BJ Hunt","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hunt BJ, Kuehn R, Fox T, et al. Challenging the current hypothesis that thrombosis is responsible for the post-COVID-19 condition. Res Pract Thromb Haemost. 2024;8(4):102442.","journal-title":"Res Pract Thromb Haemost"},{"issue":"5","key":"11754_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-022-01810-6","volume":"28","author":"J Choutka","year":"2022","unstructured":"Choutka J, Jansari V, Hornig M, et al. Unexplained post-acute infection syndromes. Nat Med. 2022;28(5):911\u201323.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"11754_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/kqi013","volume":"55","author":"R Cairns","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cairns R, Hotopf M. A systematic review describing the prognosis of chronic fatigue syndrome. Occup Med (Lond). 2005;55(1):20\u201331.","journal-title":"Occup Med (Lond)"},{"key":"11754_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vernon SD, Zheng T, Do H et al. Incidence and prevalence of post-COVID-19 myalgic encephalomyelitis: a report from the observational RECOVER-Adult study. J Gen Intern Med 2025 Jan 13.","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-024-09290-9"},{"issue":"3","key":"11754_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3003.231194","volume":"30","author":"QM Vu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Vu QM, Fitzpatrick AL, Cope JR, et al. Estimates of incidence and predictors of fatiguing illness after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Emerg Infect Dis. 2024;30(3):539\u201347.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"11754_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.606824","volume":"7","author":"AL Komaroff","year":"2021","unstructured":"Komaroff AL, Bateman L. Will COVID-19 lead to myalgic Encephalomyelitis\/Chronic fatigue syndrome? Front Med. 2021;7:606824.","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"11754_CR38","unstructured":"National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID). Manage Myalgic Encephalomyelitis\/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Available at: https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/me-cfs\/management\/index.html. Accessed November 7, 2024."},{"key":"11754_CR39","unstructured":"MECFS Clinician Coalition. MECFS Diagnosis in Long COVID. April 2023. Available at: https:\/\/mecfscliniciancoalition.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/MECFS-Diagnosis-in-Long-COVID-April-2023.pdf. Accessed February 25, 2025."},{"key":"11754_CR40","volume-title":"Diagnosing and treating myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME\/CFS)","author":"U.S. ME\/CFS Clinician Coalition","year":"2020","unstructured":"U.S. ME\/CFS Clinician Coalition. Diagnosing and treating myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME\/CFS). United States: U.S. ME\/CFS Clinician Coalition; 2020."},{"issue":"5","key":"11754_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina57050510","volume":"57","author":"L Nacul","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nacul L, Authier FJ, Scheibenbogen C, et al. European network on myalgic Encephalomyelitis\/Chronic fatigue syndrome (EUROMENE): expert consensus on the diagnosis, service provision, and care of people with ME\/CFS in Europe. Medicina (Kaunas). 2021;57(5):510.","journal-title":"Medicina (Kaunas)"},{"key":"11754_CR42","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Clinical management of COVID-19: living guideline. Available at: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/WHO-2019-nCoV-clinical-2022.2. Accessed April 5, 2025."},{"key":"11754_CR43","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). COVID-19 rapid guideline: managing the long-term effects of COVID-19 (NG188). Available at: https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng188. Accessed April 5, 2025."},{"issue":"1","key":"11754_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.3947\/ic.2024.0024","volume":"56","author":"JW Seo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Seo JW, Kim SE, Kim Y, et al. Updated clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of long COVID. Infect Chemother. 2024;56(1):122\u201357.","journal-title":"Infect Chemother"},{"issue":"9","key":"11754_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5093","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19095093","volume":"19","author":"J Wright","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wright J, Astill S, Sivan M. The relationship between physical activity and long covid: a cross-sectional study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(9):5093.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"11754_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2450744","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.50744","volume":"7","author":"TF Nerli","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nerli TF, Selvakumar J, Cvejic E, et al. Brief outpatient rehabilitation program for Post\u2013COVID-19 condition. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(12):e2450744.","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"11754_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1305463","volume":"11","author":"V Martinez-Borba","year":"2023","unstructured":"Martinez-Borba V, Martinez-Garcia L, Peris-Baquero O, et al. Guiding future research on psychological interventions in people with COVID-19 and post COVID syndrome and comorbid emotional disorders based on a systematic review. Front Public Health. 2023;11:1305463.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"11754_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e081318","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2024-081318","volume":"387","author":"D Zeraatkar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zeraatkar D, Ling M, Kirsh S, et al. Interventions for the management of long Covid (post-covid condition): living systematic review. BMJ. 2024;387:e081318.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"11754_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bermpohl FMG, Kucharczyk-Bodenburg AC, Martin A. Efficacy and Acceptance of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Adults with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: A Meta-analysis. Int J Behav Med 2024; 31(6): 895\u2013910.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12529-023-10254-2"},{"key":"11754_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kuut TA, Buffart LM, Braamse AMJ, et al. Does the effect of cognitive behavior therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome (ME\/CFS) vary by patient characteristics? A systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis. Psychol Med 2023; 54(3): 447\u201356.","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291723003148"},{"issue":"3","key":"11754_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-2841","volume":"163","author":"JM Trauer","year":"2015","unstructured":"Trauer JM, Qian MY, Doyle JS, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy for chronic insomnia. Ann Intern Med. 2015;163(3):191\u2013204.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"11754_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"De C, Williams AC, Fisher E, Hearn L et al. Psychological therapies for the management of chronic pain (excluding headache) in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2021; (11): CD007407.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD007407.pub4"},{"issue":"8","key":"11754_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1441","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2020-321191","volume":"69","author":"CJ Black","year":"2020","unstructured":"Black CJ, Thakur ER, Houghton LA, et al. Efficacy of psychological therapies for irritable bowel syndrome: systematic review and network meta-analysis. Gut. 2020;69(8):1441\u201351.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"3","key":"11754_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1111\/dme.13195","volume":"34","author":"C Uchendu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Uchendu C, Blake H. Effectiveness of cognitive\u2013behavioural therapy on glycaemic control and psychological outcomes in adults with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabet Med. 2016;34(3):328\u201339.","journal-title":"Diabet Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"11754_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1147","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v11.i11.1147","volume":"11","author":"YN Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li YN, Buys N, Ferguson S, et al. Effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy-based interventions on health outcomes in patients with coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis. World J Psychiatr. 2021;11(11):1147\u201366.","journal-title":"World J Psychiatr"},{"issue":"13","key":"11754_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2426","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291722002203","volume":"52","author":"LD Hawke","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hawke LD, Nguyen ATP, Ski CF, et al. Interventions for mental health, cognition, and psychological wellbeing in long COVID: a systematic review of registered trials. Psychol Med. 2022;52(13):2426\u201340.","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"11754_CR57","unstructured":"\u00c1lvarez Garc\u00eda HB. Effectiveness of the Brief Behavioral Intervention for Insomnia in the Teleconsultation Modality (ICBI-TC) on the Symptoms of Anxiety, Depression, Sleep Quality and Quality of Life in Insomniac Patients [NCT05951803]. Available at: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT05951803. Accessed November 7, 2024."},{"key":"11754_CR58","unstructured":"Hosny S, Yamany A. Effect of Intensive Combined Rehabilitation Therapy for Patients With Post COVID 19 Chronic Fatigue Syndrome [NCT05534997]. Available at: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT05534997. Accessed November 7, 2024."},{"key":"11754_CR59","unstructured":"Szigethy E. Randomized Study to Evaluate Strategies to Address Cognitive Fog in Long COVID-19 Patients [NCT05597722]. Available at: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT05597722. Accessed November 7, 2024."},{"key":"11754_CR60","unstructured":"Jacob GA, Riepenhausen A, Schr\u00f6der J. Investigating the Effectiveness of Vimida, a Digital Intervention for People Suffering From Post-viral Chronic Fatigue After COVID-19 Infection [NCT06251518]. Available at: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT06251518. Accessed November 7, 2024."},{"key":"11754_CR61","unstructured":"Darwish H, Petrie Z. A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of A Comprehensive Cognitive and Affective Intervention for Neurocognitive Disorders (CoINTEGRATE) [NCT05732285]. Available at: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT05732285. Accessed November 7, 2024."},{"key":"11754_CR62","unstructured":"Wyller VB. Short-time Behavioural Intervention in Post-Covid Syndrome (SIPCOV): A Pragmatic Randomised Controlled Trial [NCT05196451]. Available at: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT05196451. Accessed November 7, 2024."},{"key":"11754_CR63","unstructured":"Damico VLC. Evaluate the Effectiveness for Long-term Consequences of COVID-19 of Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR) [NCT05815693]. Available at: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT05815693. Accessed November 7, 2024."},{"key":"11754_CR64","unstructured":"Chalder T, Jolley C. A Randomised Controlled Trial Assessing the Efficacy of Balance Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for Long COVID [NCT06231238]. Available at: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT06231238. Accessed November 7, 2024."},{"issue":"9768","key":"11754_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60096-2","volume":"377","author":"PD White","year":"2011","unstructured":"White PD, Goldsmith KA, Johnson AL, et al. Comparison of adaptive pacing therapy, cognitive behaviour therapy, graded exercise therapy, and specialist medical care for chronic fatigue syndrome (PACE): a randomised trial. Lancet. 2011;377(9768):823\u201336.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"11754_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-023-04587-5","volume":"21","author":"NEM Sanal-Hayes","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sanal-Hayes NEM, Mclaughlin M, Hayes LD, et al. A scoping review of \u2018Pacing\u2019 for management of myalgic Encephalomyelitis\/Chronic fatigue syndrome (ME\/CFS): lessons learned for the long COVID pandemic. J Transl Med. 2023;21(1):720.","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"11754_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1177\/1359105317700885","volume":"22","author":"C Wilshire","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wilshire C. The problem of bias in behavioural intervention studies: lessons from the PACE trial. J Health Psychol. 2017;22(9):1128\u201333.","journal-title":"J Health Psychol"},{"issue":"12","key":"11754_CR68","first-page":"CD003200","volume":"12","author":"L Larun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Larun L, Brurberg KG, Odgaard-Jensen J, et al. Exercise therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2024;12(12):CD003200.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"11754_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2025.112091","volume":"192","author":"C Burton","year":"2025","unstructured":"Burton C, Dawes H, Dalton C. Within person predictors of physical activity and fatigue in long covid: findings from an ecological momentary assessment study. J Psychosom Res. 2025;192:112091.","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"11754_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e63951","DOI":"10.2196\/63951","volume":"13","author":"CMH Wiertz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wiertz CMH, van Meulenbroek T, Lamper C, et al. Effectiveness of a person-centered interdisciplinary rehabilitation treatment of post\u2013COVID-19 condition: protocol for a single-case experimental design study. JMIR Res Protoc. 2024;13:e63951.","journal-title":"JMIR Res Protoc"},{"key":"11754_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9423","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-35991-y","volume":"13","author":"B Frisk","year":"2023","unstructured":"Frisk B, J\u00fcrgensen M, Espehaug B, et al. A safe and effective micro-choice based rehabilitation for patients with long COVID: results from a quasi-experimental study. Sci Rep. 2023;13:9423.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"11754_CR72","unstructured":"Amin FS, Elimy DA, Mohamed AA et al. Effect of Kinesio Tape Versus Diaphragmatic Breathing Exercise In Post COVID-19 Patients (A Comparative Study) [NCT05770193]. Available at: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT05770193. Accessed November 7, 2024."},{"key":"11754_CR73","unstructured":"Amarales Osorio LM, Evaluation and implementation of a multimodal intervention to reduce symptoms of, long covid\/prolonged COVID in the adult population of punta arenas, Chile [NCT05932797]. Available at: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT05932797. Accessed November 7, 2024."}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-025-11754-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-025-11754-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-025-11754-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T14:11:34Z","timestamp":1760364694000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12879-025-11754-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"references-count":73,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["11754"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-025-11754-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 November 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 September 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1275"}}