{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T15:20:43Z","timestamp":1789053643720,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766534400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>T\u00fcrkiye has a moderate seroprevalence of HBV infection in its general population, with the Southeastern Anatolia Region exhibiting the highest rate. In contrast, the seroprevalence of HCV infection in T\u00fcrkiye is low. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV in the communities affected by the earthquake in Southeastern T\u00fcrkiye.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a cross-sectional study in Southeastern T\u00fcrkiye in December 2023, eleven months after the 2023 T\u00fcrkiye-Syria earthquakes. HBsAg and anti-HCV were investigated using rapid screening tests on blood samples from participants selected from 251 containers, where 1,213 people resided.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Out of 251 samples tested, 13 (5.2%) were positive for HBV, while none (0.0%) tested positive for HCV. When comparing the risk factors for HBV infection between the positive and negative groups, earthquake survivors who tested positive for HBsAg were significantly more likely to be male sex (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.018) and to have a family history of HBV (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). There were no significant differences (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05) in age, number of household members, education level, marital status, history of surgery or dental procedure, tattoo-piercing, and history of blood transfusion.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In Southeastern T\u00fcrkiye, 5.2% of earthquake survivors tested positive for HBsAg using rapid point-of-care tests. More comprehensive studies are needed to determine the prevalence of HBsAg and anti-HCV in the general population and to identify risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical trial<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Not applicable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-025-12151-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T10:14:45Z","timestamp":1766571285000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Detection of HBV and HCV Seroprevalence using rapid point-of-care tests among earthquake survivors in Southeastern T\u00fcrkiye"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Muhammed","family":"Bek\u00e7iba\u015f\u0131","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Derya","family":"\u00c7a\u011flayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Medine","family":"Erkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Murat","family":"Can","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u015eafak","family":"Kaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"12151_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mavrouli M, Mavroulis S, Lekkas E, Tsakris A. The impact of earthquakes on public health: a narrative review of infectious diseases in the post-disaster period aiming to disaster risk reduction, 2023. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/microorganisms11020419.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11020419"},{"key":"12151_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang H. Tectonic geomorphology of T\u00fcrkiye and its insights into the neotectonic deformation of the Anatolian plate. Earthq Res Adv. 2024;4(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eqrea.2023.100267.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eqrea.2023.100267"},{"key":"12151_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Picozzi M, Iaccarino AG, Spallarossa D. The preparatory process of the 2023 Mw 7.8 T\u00fcrkiye earthquake. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-023-45073-8.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-45073-8"},{"key":"12151_CR4","unstructured":"WHO. WHO T\u00fcrkiye earthquake: external situation report no. 9: 1 May\u20134 June 2023. https:\/\/iris.who.int\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/370621\/WHO-EURO-2023-7145-46911-70035-eng.pdf?sequence=1."},{"key":"12151_CR5","unstructured":"Association TM. T\u00fcrk Tabipleri Birli\u011fi VI. Ay Deprem Raporu. Accessed: Nov. 06, 2024. [Online]. Available: http:\/\/www.ttb.org.tr\/userfiles\/files\/6ayraporu.pdf."},{"key":"12151_CR6","unstructured":"Agency A. https:\/\/www.aa.com.tr\/tr\/dosya-haber\/diyarbakirda-16-bin-466-depremzede-kira-yardimi-aliyor\/2961136."},{"key":"12151_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Khan S, Rai MA, Khan A, Farooqui A, Kazmi SU, Ali SH. Prevalence of HCV and HIV infections in 2005-earthquake-affected areas of Pakistan. BMC Infect Dis. 2008;8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2334-8-147.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-8-147"},{"key":"12151_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tozun N, et al. Seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infections and risk factors in Turkey: a fieldwork TURHEP study. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2015;21(11). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.06.028.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2015.06.028"},{"key":"12151_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tosun S, et al. 15-year evaluation of changes in the HBsAg positivity rate in pregnant women in Turkey: the prominent effect of national vaccination. East Mediterr Health J. 2022;28(10). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26719\/emhj.22.071.","DOI":"10.26719\/emhj.22.071"},{"key":"12151_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dayan S, et al. HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HIV 1\/2 and syphilis seroprevalence in healthy volunteer blood donors in southeastern Anatolia. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2013;7(9)665\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3855\/jidc.2835.","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.2835"},{"key":"12151_CR11","unstructured":"Dayan S, \u00d6zekinci T, Bek\u00e7iba\u015fi M, Deveci \u00d6. HBsAg, anti-HCV and anti-HIV Seroprevalence among blood donors in southeastern Anatolia, Turkey, 2011\u20132015. Infez Med. 2019 Sep;27(3):316\u201321. https:\/\/www.infezmed.it\/media\/journal\/Vol_27_3_2019_11.pdf."},{"key":"12151_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Idilman R, et al. A micro-elimination approach to addressing hepatitis C in Turkey. BMC Health Serv Res. 2020;20(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-020-5019-8.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-020-5019-8"},{"key":"12151_CR13","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. Guidelines on hepatitis B and C testing, 66, no. February. 2017. https:\/\/iris.who.int\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/254621\/9789241549981-eng.pdf."},{"key":"12151_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Avellon A, et al. Clinical performance of determine HBsAg 2 rapid test for hepatitis B detection. J Med Virol. 2020;92(12). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jmv.25862.","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.25862"},{"key":"12151_CR15","unstructured":"Turkish Statistical Institute. http:\/\/data.tuik.gov.tr\/Bulten\/Index?p=Adrese-Dayali-Nufus-Kayit-Sistemi-Sonuclari-2023-49684. Accessed: Nov. 06, 2024. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/data.tuik.gov.tr\/Bulten\/Index?p=Adrese-Dayali-Nufus-Kayit-Sistemi-Sonuclari-2023-49684."},{"key":"12151_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Turhano\u01e7lu M, Onur A, Bilman FB, Ayaydin Z, Aktar GS. Eight-year seroprevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV in Diyarbakir training and research hospital. Int J Med Sci. 2013;10(11). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7150\/ijms.6506.","DOI":"10.7150\/ijms.6506"},{"key":"12151_CR17","unstructured":"Infectious-disease-tests TURKLAB. https:\/\/www.turklab.com.tr\/infectious-disease-tests. Accessed: Nov. 06, 2024. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.turklab.com.tr\/infectious-disease-tests."},{"key":"12151_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Duracinsky M, et al. Development of a risk prediction score for screening for HBV, HCV and HIV among migrants in France: results from a multicentre observational study (STRADA study), BMJ Open. 2024 Jun;14(6). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-075315.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-075315"},{"key":"12151_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Peeling RW, Holmes KK, Mabey D, Ronald A. Rapid tests for sexually transmitted infections (STIs): the way forward, 2006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/sti.2006.024265.","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.2006.024265"},{"key":"12151_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Akcam FZ, Uskun E, Avsar K, Songur Y. Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus Seroprevalence in rural areas of the Southwestern region of Turkey. Int J Infect Dis. 2009;13(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.07.005.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2008.07.005"},{"key":"12151_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mehmet D, Meliksah E, Serif Y, Gunay S, Tuncer \u00d6, Zeynep S. Prevalence of hepatitis B infection in the southeastern region of turkey: comparison of risk factors for HBV infection in rural and urban areas. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2005;58(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7883\/yoken.jjid.2005.15.","DOI":"10.7883\/yoken.jjid.2005.15"},{"key":"12151_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ozkan H. Epidemiology of chronic hepatitis B in Turkey. Euroasian J Hepatogastroenterol. 2018;8(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5005\/jp-journals-10018-1264.","DOI":"10.5005\/jp-journals-10018-1264"},{"key":"12151_CR23","unstructured":"Tosun S. Viral hepatitlerin \u00fclkemizdeki de\u011fi\u015fen epidemiyolojisi. Ankem Derg, 27, no. Suppl 2, 2013. https:\/\/ankemdernegi.org.tr\/ANKEMJOURNALPDF\/ANKEM_27_Ek2_128_134.pdf."},{"key":"12151_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gower E, Estes C, Blach S, Razavi-Shearer K, Razavi H. Global epidemiology and genotype distribution of the hepatitis C virus infection, 2014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.07.027.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.07.027"},{"key":"12151_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Dursun M, et al. Prevalence of hepatitis C in adults in the South-eastern region of anatolia: A community-based study. Hepatol Res. 2004;29(2). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hepres.2004.02.012.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hepres.2004.02.012"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-025-12151-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-025-12151-3","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-025-12151-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]],"date-time":"2025-12-24T10:14:46Z","timestamp":1766571286000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12879-025-12151-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["12151"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-025-12151-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The principles of the Declaration of Helsinki conducted this study. This study was approved by the Clinical Research Ethics Committee of the University of Health Sciences T\u00fcrkiye, Gazi Ya\u015fargil Training and Research Hospital, on 04 August 2023, under the number 514. All study participants provided their written consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1734"}}