{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T18:13:58Z","timestamp":1773857638009,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770854400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":34,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Jiangsu Province High-Level Hospital Construction Funds of Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University","award":["2024GSPKY23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024GSPKY23"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-026-12822-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T08:14:59Z","timestamp":1770884099000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia identified by metagenomic next-generation sequencing"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Pan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bing","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rui","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Qun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"15","key":"12822_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3096","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268817002060","volume":"145","author":"L Hogerwerf","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hogerwerf L, B DEG, Baan B. Chlamydia psittaci (psittacosis) as a cause of community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Epidemiol Infect. 2017;145(15):3096\u2013105.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"issue":"3","key":"12822_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000001313","volume":"134","author":"CY Kong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kong CY, Zhu J, Lu JJ, Xu ZH. Clinical characteristics of chlamydia psittaci pneumonia. Chin Med J (Engl). 2021;134(3):353\u20135.","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"issue":"1","key":"12822_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06205-5","volume":"21","author":"Y Shi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shi Y, Chen J, Shi X, Hu J, Li H, Li X, Wang Y, Wu B. A case of chlamydia psittaci caused severe pneumonia and meningitis diagnosed by metagenome next-generation sequencing and clinical analysis: a case report and literature review. BMC Infect Dis. 2021;21(1):621.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"12822_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2021.09.012","volume":"38","author":"Z Diao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Diao Z, Han D, Zhang R, Li J. Metagenomics next-generation sequencing tests take the stage in the diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infections. J Adv Res. 2022;38:201\u201312.","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"key":"12822_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S509879","volume":"18","author":"M Huang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Huang M, Wang Y, Lu Y, Qu W, Zou Q, Zhang D, Shen Y, Han D, Yu F, Zheng S. Clinical characteristics and predicting disease severity in chlamydia psittaci infection based on metagenomic Next-Generation sequencing. Infect Drug Resist. 2025;18:1171\u201381.","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"issue":"suppl2","key":"12822_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S231","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy693","volume":"67","author":"Q Miao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Miao Q, Ma Y, Wang Q, Pan J, Zhang Y, Jin W, Yao Y, Su Y, Huang Y, Wang M, et al. Microbiological diagnostic performance of metagenomic Next-generation sequencing when applied to clinical practice. Clin Infect Dis. 2018;67(suppl2):S231\u201340.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"12822_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1089\/vbz.2025.0009","volume":"25","author":"W Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang W, Yan CL, Xue QS. Clinical characteristics of five cases of chlamydia psittaci pneumonia diagnosed using metagenomics Next-Generation sequencing. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis. 2025;25(7):463\u20139.","journal-title":"Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis"},{"key":"12822_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Deng H, Liang X, Dang S, Qiu J. Chlamydia psittaci enteric infection in an adult man: a case report. Int J Infect Dis. 2025:107967.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2025.107967"},{"key":"12822_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e02217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idcr.2025.e02217","volume":"40","author":"X Gui","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gui X, Qiu X, Gao Y, Chen T, Qiu Y, Liu J, Xiao Y. Chlamydia psittaci infection-associated acute fibrinous and organizing pneumonitis: A case report. IDCases. 2025;40:e02217.","journal-title":"IDCases"},{"issue":"1","key":"12822_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-025-03511-5","volume":"25","author":"Q Jia","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jia Q, Sun J, Wang D, Xu J, Li X, Zhang S, Wang L, Liu S, Tong X, Fan H. Clinical features and prognostic predictors of C. Psittaci pneumonia: a systematic review and individual patient meta-analysis. BMC Pulm Med. 2025;25(1):55.","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"12822_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S443953","volume":"17","author":"K Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu K, Wu L, Chen G, Zeng D, Zhong Q, Luo L, Song B, Ying X, Ni F, Yu L, et al. Clinical characteristics of chlamydia psittaci infection diagnosed by metagenomic Next-Generation sequencing: A retrospective Multi-Center study in Fujian, China. Infect Drug Resist. 2024;17:697\u2013708.","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"issue":"7","key":"12822_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e45","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201908-1581ST","volume":"200","author":"JP Metlay","year":"2019","unstructured":"Metlay JP, Waterer GW, Long AC, Anzueto A, Brozek J, Crothers K, Cooley LA, Dean NC, Fine MJ, Flanders SA, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of adults with Community-acquired Pneumonia. An official clinical practice guideline of the American thoracic society and infectious diseases society of America. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2019;200(7):e45\u201367.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"12822_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0232610","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0232610","volume":"15","author":"H Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang H, Lu Z, Bao Y, Yang Y, de Groot R, Dai W, de Jonge MI, Zheng Y. Clinical diagnostic application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in children with severe nonresponding pneumonia. PLoS ONE. 2020;15(6):e0232610.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"12822_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0238421","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02384-21","volume":"10","author":"J Tang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tang J, Tan W, Luo L, Xu H, Li N. Application of metagenomic Next-Generation sequencing in the diagnosis of pneumonia caused by chlamydia psittaci. Microbiol Spectr. 2022;10(4):e0238421.","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"12822_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S27","DOI":"10.1086\/511159","volume":"44","author":"LA Mandell","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, Bartlett JG, Campbell GD, Dean NC, Dowell SF, File TM Jr., Musher DM, Niederman MS, et al. Infectious diseases society of America\/American thoracic society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;44(Suppl 2):S27\u201372.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"12822_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2022.2035194","volume":"11","author":"J Qu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Qu J, Zhang J, Chen Y, Huang Y, Xie Y, Zhou M, Li Y, Shi D, Xu J, Wang Q, et al. Aetiology of severe community acquired pneumonia in adults identified by combined detection methods: a multi-centre prospective study in China. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2022;11(1):556\u201366.","journal-title":"Emerg Microbes Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"12822_CR17","first-page":"2","volume":"116","author":"T Krech","year":"1986","unstructured":"Krech T, Wegmann T, Martin H, Hatz C, Sonnabend W. [Etiology of atypical pneumonias. A serological study on 1494 patients]. Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1986;116(1):2\u20137.","journal-title":"Schweiz Med Wochenschr"},{"issue":"4","key":"12822_CR18","first-page":"1631","volume":"11","author":"M Yang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yang M, Yang DH, Yang H, Ding SZ, Liu CH, Yin HM, Liu D, Chen P, Luo H. Clinical characteristics of chlamydia psittaci pneumonia infection in central South China. Infect Dis Ther. 2022;11(4):1631\u201347.","journal-title":"Infect Dis Ther"},{"key":"12822_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2020.03.001","volume":"44","author":"E Kozuki","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kozuki E, Arima Y, Matsui T, Sanada Y, Ando S, Sunagawa T, Oishi K. Human psittacosis in japan: notification trends and differences in infection source and age distribution by gender, 2007 to 2016. Ann Epidemiol. 2020;44:60\u20133.","journal-title":"Ann Epidemiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"12822_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3261","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1681","volume":"73","author":"JH Lei","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lei JH, Xu Y, Jiang YF, Shi ZH, Guo T. Clustering cases of chlamydia psittaci pneumonia in coronavirus disease 2019 screening ward staff. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;73(9):e3261\u20135.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"12822_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wallensten A, Fredlund H, Runehagen A. Multiple human-to-human transmission from a severe case of psittacosis, Sweden, January-February 2013. Euro Surveill. 2014;19(42).","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES2014.19.42.20937"},{"issue":"5","key":"12822_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1988.tb99430.x","volume":"148","author":"AP Yung","year":"1988","unstructured":"Yung AP, Grayson ML. Psittacosis\u2013a review of 135 cases. Med J Aust. 1988;148(5):228\u201333.","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"1","key":"12822_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2008.02669.x","volume":"15","author":"DS Beeckman","year":"2009","unstructured":"Beeckman DS, Vanrompay DC. Zoonotic Chlamydophila psittaci infections from a clinical perspective. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2009;15(1):11\u20137.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"12822_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.10.003","volume":"24","author":"AJ Stewardson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Stewardson AJ, Grayson ML. Psittacosis. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2010;24(1):7\u201325.","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"12822_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1002\/2052-2975.29","volume":"2","author":"JM Branley","year":"2014","unstructured":"Branley JM, Weston KM, England J, Dwyer DE, Sorrell TC. Clinical features of endemic community-acquired psittacosis. New Microbes New Infect. 2014;2(1):7\u201312.","journal-title":"New Microbes New Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"12822_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/7.1.116","volume":"7","author":"RL Harris","year":"1985","unstructured":"Harris RL, Williams TW Jr. Contribution to the question of pneumotyphus: a discussion of the original Article by J. Ritter in 1880. Rev Infect Dis. 1985;7(1):119\u201322.","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"12822_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.117.4.1203","volume":"117","author":"AF Schinkel","year":"2000","unstructured":"Schinkel AF, Bax JJ, van der Wall EE, Jonkers GJ. Echocardiographic follow-up of chlamydia psittaci myocarditis. Chest. 2000;117(4):1203\u20135.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"2","key":"12822_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2024.103739","volume":"28","author":"N Sreiri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sreiri N, Ben Abdallah Y, Belfeki N, Klopfenstein T, Zayet S. Chlamydia psittaci-related pleuro-myocarditis. Braz J Infect Dis. 2024;28(2):103739.","journal-title":"Braz J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"12822_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-10210-9","volume":"24","author":"HH Wu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wu HH, Zhao PP, Wang XM, Ren YY, Fang SY. Hearing loss as the first symptom of pneumonia caused by chlamydia psittaci: a case report and literature review. BMC Infect Dis. 2024;24(1):1314.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"12822_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1016\/0954-6111(95)90236-8","volume":"89","author":"P Hughes","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hughes P, Chidley K, Cowie J. Neurological complications in psittacosis: a case report and literature review. Respir Med. 1995;89(9):637\u20138.","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"12822_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"ofab555","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab555","volume":"8","author":"K Davar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Davar K, Wilson MR, Miller S, Chiu CY, Vijayan T. A rare bird: diagnosis of psittacosis meningitis by clinical metagenomic Next-Generation sequencing. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2021;8(12):ofab555.","journal-title":"Open Forum Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"12822_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20050828","volume":"202","author":"J Gu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gu J, Gong E, Zhang B, Zheng J, Gao Z, Zhong Y, Zou W, Zhan J, Wang S, Xie Z, et al. Multiple organ infection and the pathogenesis of SARS. J Exp Med. 2005;202(3):415\u201324.","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"issue":"10223","key":"12822_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30211-7","volume":"395","author":"N Chen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, Qiu Y, Wang J, Liu Y, Wei Y, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, china: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):507\u201313.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"12822_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-024-10198-2","volume":"24","author":"H Deng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Deng H, Shi Y, Xie M, Zang X, Zang X, Ma X, Han W, He J, Rao Y, Ding M, et al. Diagnosis and treatment experience of chlamydia psittaci pneumonia: A multicenter retrospective study in China. BMC Infect Dis. 2024;24(1):1333.","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"12822_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"727594","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.727594","volume":"11","author":"F Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang F, Li J, Qi B, Zou L, Shi Z, Lei Y, Li J, Luo X, Zeng F, Lu S, et al. Clinical symptoms and outcomes of severe pneumonia caused by chlamydia psittaci in Southwest China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021;11:727594.","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"12822_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1647\/217-265","volume":"31","author":"G Balsamo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Balsamo G, Maxted AM, Midla JW, Murphy JM, Wohrle R, Edling TM, Fish PH, Flammer K, Hyde D, Kutty PK, et al. Compendium of measures to control chlamydia psittaci infection among humans (Psittacosis) and pet birds (Avian Chlamydiosis), 2017. J Avian Med Surg. 2017;31(3):262\u201382.","journal-title":"J Avian Med Surg"},{"key":"12822_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1132724","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2023.1132724","volume":"14","author":"L He","year":"2023","unstructured":"He L, Yang H, Liu S, Liang W, Zhou Z, Long J, Wu J. Physiological analysis of severe chlamydia psittaci pneumonia and clinical diagnosis after doxycycline-based treatment. Front Physiol. 2023;14:1132724.","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"12822_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-020-01257-4","volume":"80","author":"GG Zhanel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhanel GG, Esquivel J, Zelenitsky S, Lawrence CK, Adam HJ, Golden A, Hink R, Berry L, Schweizer F, Zhanel MA, et al. Omadacycline: A novel oral and intravenous aminomethylcycline antibiotic agent. Drugs. 2020;80(3):285\u2013313.","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"12822_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207534","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1207534","volume":"10","author":"DX Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang DX, Xiao LX, Deng XY, Deng W. Omadacycline for the treatment of severe pneumonia caused by chlamydia psittaci complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023;10:1207534.","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"12822_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5831","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S384296","volume":"15","author":"C Fang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fang C, Xu L, Tan J, Tan H, Lin J, Zhao Z. Omadacycline for the treatment of severe chlamydia psittaci pneumonia complicated with multiple organ failure: A case report. Infect Drug Resist. 2022;15:5831\u20138.","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-026-12822-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-026-12822-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-026-12822-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T11:23:34Z","timestamp":1773833014000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12879-026-12822-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["12822"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-026-12822-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 February 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This retrospective study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Zhongda Hospital (Ethics approval number: 2024ZDSYLL501-P01). The study was conducted in strict compliance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Additionally, the requirement for informed consent to participate in this study was formally waived by the Ethics Committee of Zhongda Hospital.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"583"}}