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Currently, only hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is monitored in China, indicating a lack of systematic surveillance for other EV-related diseases. Additionally, long-term epidemiological data on pediatric EV infections in Beijing are scarce. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of children with EV infection in Beijing over a ten-year period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this retrospective study, all hospitalized patients who underwent EV RNA detection using a fluorescence\u2011based real\u2011time PCR assay between July 2016 and July 2025 were included. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory information was retrieved from the hospital\u2019s electronic medical record system.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 8,426 patients was included in this study, and 236 cases (2.80%) tested positive for EVs. Notably, males exhibited a higher detection rate (3.14%, 160\/4,940) than females (2.18%, 76\/3,486). Moreover, children aged 3 to &lt;\u20096 months (5.26%, 13\/247) and those aged 3 to &lt;\u20097 years (4.51%, 56\/1243) had higher detection rates than other age groups. In terms of seasonal patterns, EV infections demonstrated distinct peak in summer and autumn. Among the 205 patients whose clinical information was complete, viral encephalitis (VE) was identified as the most predominant disease (55.12%, 113\/205), particularly among children aged 3 to &lt;\u20096 years (39.82%, 45\/113) and those aged 28 days to &lt;\u20093 months (10.62%, 12\/113). This was followed by myocardial injury\/myocarditis (23.41%, 48\/205), pneumonia (22.93%, 47\/205), hepatic dysfunction (14.63%, 30\/205), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) (8.78%, 18\/205), HFMD (7.80%, 16\/205), herpangina (3.90%, 8\/205), and arrhythmia (3.41%, 7\/205). In this study, 98.05% of the patients had a favorable prognosis, with a mortality rate of 1.95% (4\/204).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Diseases related to EV infection are among the important reasons for hospitalization in children, among which the top three diseases are encephalitis\/meningitis, myocarditis\/myocardial damage, and pneumonia. EV infection mainly affects infants and young children under 7 years of age, with the peak incidence in summer and autumn seasons.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical trial number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Not applicable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-026-12988-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T07:16:42Z","timestamp":1772867802000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of hospitalized children with enterovirus infection: a retrospective study from 2016 to 2025 at Beijing children\u2019s hospital"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Fei","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luci","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruiting","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianing","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiuping","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangpeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengde","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"12988_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2421","DOI":"10.1099\/jgv.0.000911","volume":"98","author":"R Zell","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zell R, Delwart E, Gorbalenya AE, Hovi T, King AMQ, Knowles NJ, et al. 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The ethics committee approved the waiver of informed consent from parents\/guardians of the minors, because the present study was a retrospective analysis of clinical data and all methods were performed in accordance with the ethical guidelines. All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"760"}}