{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:58:06Z","timestamp":1781139486735,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776988800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":48,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-026-13349-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T10:46:26Z","timestamp":1777027586000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Airborne infection control measures at HIV settings in India and potential areas for TB cross transmission"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Suchit","family":"Kamble","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gajanan","family":"Velhal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Preeti","family":"Bhandari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vijay","family":"Nema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suvarna","family":"Badekar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samridhi","family":"Nigam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasuki","family":"Raypati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amrita","family":"Rao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chinmoyee","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vinita","family":"Verma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajiv Ranjan","family":"Tiwari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nupur","family":"Mahajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"13349_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1801789","DOI":"10.1183\/13993003.01789-2018","volume":"53","author":"L Apriani","year":"2019","unstructured":"Apriani L, McAllister S, Sharples K, et al. Latent tuberculosis infection in healthcare workers in low- and middle-income countries: an updated systematic review. Eur Respir J. 2019;53:1801789. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1183\/13993003.01789-2018.","journal-title":"Eur Respir J"},{"issue":"12","key":"13349_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e494","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030494","volume":"3","author":"R Joshi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Joshi R, Reingold AL, Menzies D, et al. Tuberculosis among healthcare workers in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review. PLoS Med. 2006;3(12):e494.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"13349_CR3","first-page":"593","volume":"11","author":"D Menzies","year":"2007","unstructured":"Menzies D, Joshi R, Pai M. Risk of tuberculosis infection and disease associated with work in health care settings. Int J Tuberculosis Lung Disease: Official J Int Union Against Tuberculosis Lung Disease. 2007;11(6):593\u2013605.","journal-title":"Int J Tuberculosis Lung Disease: Official J Int Union Against Tuberculosis Lung Disease"},{"issue":"9547","key":"13349_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(06)69573-1.)","volume":"368","author":"NR Gandhi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gandhi NR, Moll A, Sturm AW, Pawinski R, Govender T, Lalloo U, et al. Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis as a cause of death in patients co-infected with tuberculosis and HIV in a rural area of South Africa. Lancet. 2006;368(9547):1575\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(06)69573-1.).","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"13349_CR5","volume-title":"WHO Policy on TB Infection Control in Health-Care Facilities, Congregate Settings and Households","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2009","unstructured":"World Health Organization. WHO policy on TB infection control in health-care facilities, congregate settings and households. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 2009."},{"issue":"Rr\u201317","key":"13349_CR6","first-page":"1","volume":"54","author":"PA Jensen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jensen PA, Lambert LA, Iademarco MF, Ridzon R. Guidelines for preventing the transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in health-care settings, 2005. MMWR Recommendations Rep. 2005;54(Rr\u201317):1\u2013141.","journal-title":"MMWR Recommendations Rep"},{"key":"13349_CR7","unstructured":"WHO. WHO Guidelines Approved by the Guidelines Review Committee. WHO Policy on TB Infection Control in Health-Care Facilities, Congregate Settings and Households. Geneva: World Health Organization Copyright (c) World Health Organization 2009; 2009."},{"key":"13349_CR8","unstructured":"CDC. TB Infection Control M&E Tool for Clinical Sites. MMWR. 2010. http:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/globalaids\/resources\/pmtct-care\/docs\/focused-monitoringtool.pdf. Accessed 23 Nov 2014."},{"key":"13349_CR9","unstructured":"Guidelines on Airborne Infection Control in Healthcare and Other Settings April. 2010 Directorate General of Health Services Ministry of Health & Family Welfare Nirman Bhawan, New Delhi \u2013 110 011."},{"key":"13349_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e087218","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-087218","volume":"14","author":"H Mekonen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mekonen H, Negesse A, Dessie G, et al. Impact of HIV coinfection on tuberculosis treatment outcomes in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta- analysis. BMJ Open. 2024;14:e087218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2024-087218.","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"13349_CR11","unstructured":"National AIDS Control Organisation & ICMR-National Institute for Research in Digital Health and Data Science. India HIV Estimates 2023: Technical Report. New Delhi: NACO, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India; 2024."},{"issue":"4","key":"13349_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijtb.2015.11.006","volume":"62","author":"MM Parmar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Parmar MM, Sachdeva KS, Rade K, Ghedia M, Bansal A, Nagaraja SB, Willis MD, Misquitta DP, Nair SA, Moonan PK, Dewan PK. Airborne infection control in India: baseline assessment of health facilities. Indian J Tuberc. 2015;62(4):211\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijtb.2015.11.006. Epub 2016 Jan 23. PMID: 26970461; PMCID: PMC4813660.","journal-title":"Indian J Tuberc"},{"key":"13349_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sachdeva KS, Deshmukh RD, Seguy NS, Nair SA, Rewari BB, Ramchandran R, Parmar M, Vohra V, Singh S, Ghedia M, Agarwal R, Shah AN, Balasubramanian D, Bamrotiya M, Sikhamani R, Gupta RS, Khaparde SD. Tuberculosis infection control measures at health care facilities offering HIV and tuberculosis services in India: a baseline assessment. Indian J Tuberculosis. 2018;65(4):280\u2013284. ISSN 0019-5707. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijtb.2018.04.004.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijtb.2018.04.004"},{"key":"13349_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhip.2021.100149","volume":"2","author":"P Kaushal","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kaushal P, Sangwan G, Rana K, Biswal M, Kaur M, Lakshmi PVM. Implementation status of national airborne infection control guidelines in the health care facilities of a North Indian State: a mixed method study. Public Health Pract (Oxf). 2021;2:100149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.puhip.2021.100149. PMID: 36101590; PMCID: PMC9461529.","journal-title":"Public Health Pract (Oxf)"},{"issue":"2","key":"13349_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JPSIC.2014.06.004","volume":"2","author":"R Deshmukh","year":"2014","unstructured":"Deshmukh R, Tayade BO. Innovative practical approaches for preventing the transmission of tuberculosis in resource limited health care settings. J Patient Saf Infect Control. 2014;2(2):51\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JPSIC.2014.06.004.","journal-title":"J Patient Saf Infect Control"},{"key":"13349_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Devaleenal DB, Jeyapal L, Thiruvengadam K, Giridharan P, Velayudham B, Krishnan R, Baskaran A, Mercy H, Dhanaraj B, Chandrasekaran P, editors. Holistic approach to enhance airborne infection control practices in health care facilities involved in the management of tuberculosis in a metropolitan city in India - an implementation research. WHO South-East Asia J Public Health. n.d.;12(1):38\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/who-seajph.who-seajph_128_22.","DOI":"10.4103\/who-seajph.who-seajph_128_22"},{"key":"13349_CR17","unstructured":"India TB Report 2023: Central TB Division (Ministry of Health & Family Welfare), Government of India, New Delhi. 2023."},{"key":"13349_CR18","first-page":"23805438","volume-title":"First Global Patient Safety Challenge Clean Care Is Safer Care","author":"WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care","year":"2009","unstructured":"WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care. First global patient safety challenge clean care is safer care. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2009. p. 23805438."},{"key":"13349_CR19","unstructured":"Non-pharmaceutical public health measures for mitigating the risk and impact of epidemic and pandemic influenza; 2019. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO."},{"key":"13349_CR20","unstructured":"KAYA KALP. National Guidelines for Clean Hospitals Applicable to Tertiary Care Hospitals. Hospitals associated with Medical Colleges & Super-specialty Hospitals in India. Ministry Of Health And Family Welfare Government Of India; 2015."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"13349_CR21","first-page":"77","volume":"21","author":"Z Birhanu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Birhanu Z, Godesso A, Jira C, Morankar S. Assessment of production and distribution of printed Information Education Communication (IEC) materials in Ethiopia and utilization in the case of Jimma Zone, Oromiya national regional state: a cross sectional study. Ethiop J Health Sci. 2011;21(Suppl 1):77\u201383. PMID: 22435011; PMCID: PMC3275882.","journal-title":"Ethiop J Health Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"13349_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1111\/ina.12639","volume":"30","author":"CR Du","year":"2020","unstructured":"Du CR, Wang SC, Yu MC, Chiu TF, Wang JY, Chuang PC, Jou R, Chan PC, Fang CT. Effect of ventilation improvement during a tuberculosis outbreak in underventilated university buildings. Indoor Air. 2020;30(3):422\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ina.12639. Epub 2020 Jan 16. PMID: 31883403; PMCID: PMC7217216.).","journal-title":"Indoor Air"},{"key":"13349_CR23","unstructured":"Atkinson J, Chartier Y, Pessoa-Silva CL, et al. editors. Natural ventilation for infection control in health-care settings. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2009. 3, Infection and ventilation. Available from: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK143278\/."},{"issue":"3","key":"13349_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.buildenv.2009.07.011","volume":"45","author":"H Qian","year":"2010","unstructured":"Qian H, Li Y, Seto WH, Ching P, Ching WH, Sun HQ. Natural ventilation for reducing airborne infection in hospitals. Build Environ. 2010;45(3):559\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.buildenv.2009.07.011. Epub 2009 Jul 23. PMID: 32288008; PMCID: PMC7115780.","journal-title":"Build Environ"},{"key":"13349_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Al-Rikabi IJ, Karam J, Alsaad H, Ghali K, Ghaddar N, Voelker C. The impact of mechanical and natural ventilation modes on the spread of indoor airborne contaminants: a review. J Build Eng. 2024;85(2352-7102):108715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jobe.2024.108715, https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2352710224002833.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jobe.2024.108715"},{"key":"13349_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lee Y-A, Salahuddin M, Gibson-Young L, Oliver GD. Assessing personal protective equipment needs for healthcare workers. 2021;4(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/HSR2.370.","DOI":"10.1002\/HSR2.370"},{"key":"13349_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cordeiro L, Gnatta JR, Ciofi-Silva CL, Price A, de Oliveira NA, Almeida RMA, Mainardi GM, Srinivas S, Chan W, Levin ASS, Padoveze MC. Personal protective equipment implementation in healthcare: a scoping review. Am J Infect Control. 2022;50(8):898\u2013905. ISSN 0196\u20136553. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajic.2022.01.013, https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0196655322000530.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2022.01.013"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-026-13349-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-026-13349-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-026-13349-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:04:56Z","timestamp":1781136296000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12879-026-13349-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["13349"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-026-13349-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in compliance with the Helsinki Declaration and approved by Institutional Ethics Committee of ICMR National Institute of Translational Virology (NARI\/EC Approval\/21\u201322\/500). This manuscript is based on assessment of AIC measures at HIV care facilities which was done after obtaining necessary approvals from the concern authorities and did not involve any human participation, human data or material. This assessment was done under main study which also involved conduction of In-Depth Interviews (IDIs) with HCWs. Written informed consent was obtained from them before conducting IDIs. This manuscript is based on AIC assessment part of the main study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"1108"}}