{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T05:29:31Z","timestamp":1786339771384,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780531200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786320000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":67,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-026-13732-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T10:03:01Z","timestamp":1780567381000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Temporal trends, antimicrobial non-susceptibility patterns, and clinical predictors of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in a tertiary care hospital in Palestine: a 7-year retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Taqwa","family":"Abdeljawad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wafa \u2019","family":"Sous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Israa","family":"Hasan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nada","family":"Janajra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adham","family":"AbuTaha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Sabateen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"13732_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14459","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-65509-z","volume":"14","author":"MK AlFonaisan","year":"2024","unstructured":"AlFonaisan MK, Mubaraki MA, Althawadi SI, Obeid DA, Al-Qahtani AA, Almaghrabi RS, et al. Temporal analysis of prevalence and antibiotic-resistance patterns in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical isolates in a 19-year retrospective study. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):14459.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"13732_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(09)70083-0","volume":"9","author":"WJ Looney","year":"2009","unstructured":"Looney WJ, Narita M, M\u00fchlemann K. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: an emerging opportunist human pathogen. Lancet Infect Dis. 2009;9(5):312\u201323.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"13732_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151405","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/151405","volume":"2014","author":"VG Cerezer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cerezer VG, Bando SY, Pasternak J, Franzolin MR, Moreira-Filho CA. Phylogenetic analysis of Stenotrophomonas spp. isolates contributes to the identification of nosocomial and community-acquired infections. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:151405.","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"13732_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-019-2649-5","volume":"23","author":"P Guerci","year":"2019","unstructured":"Guerci P, Bellut H, Mokhtari M, Gaudefroy J, Mongardon N, Charpentier C, et al. Outcomes of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia hospital-acquired pneumonia in intensive care unit: a nationwide retrospective study. Crit Care. 2019;23:371.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"13732_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"877","DOI":"10.1080\/14787210.2019.1685875","volume":"17","author":"S Flores-Trevi\u00f1o","year":"2019","unstructured":"Flores-Trevi\u00f1o S, Bocanegra-Ibarias P, Camacho-Ortiz A, Morf\u00edn-Otero R, Salazar-Sesatty HA, Garza-Gonz\u00e1lez E. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia biofilm: its role in infectious diseases. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2019;17(11):877\u201393.","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther"},{"key":"13732_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"893","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00893","volume":"6","author":"YT Chang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chang YT, Lin CY, Chen YH, Hsueh PR. Update on infections caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia with particular attention to resistance mechanisms and therapeutic options. Front Microbiol. 2015;6:893.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"13732_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.2174\/1872208316666220512121205","volume":"16","author":"R Majumdar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Majumdar R, Karthikeyan H, Senthilnathan V, Sugumar S. Review on Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: an emerging multidrug-resistant opportunistic pathogen. Recent Pat Biotechnol. 2022;16(4):329\u201354.","journal-title":"Recent Pat Biotechnol"},{"issue":"1","key":"13732_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v16i1.20","volume":"16","author":"A \u00c7\u0131kman","year":"2016","unstructured":"\u00c7\u0131kman A, Parlak M, Bayram Y, G\u00fcd\u00fcc\u00fco\u011flu H, Berkta\u015f M. Antibiotic resistance of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains isolated from various clinical specimens. Afr Health Sci. 2016;16(1):149\u201352.","journal-title":"Afr Health Sci"},{"key":"13732_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zaj\u0105c OM, Tyski S, Laudy AE. Phenotypic and molecular characteristics of the MDR efflux pump gene-carrying Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains isolated in Warsaw, Poland. Biology (Basel). 2022;11(1):105.","DOI":"10.3390\/biology11010105"},{"issue":"1","key":"13732_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2019.09.001","volume":"104","author":"C Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang C, Yu CM, Hsu ST, Wu RX. Levofloxacin-resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: risk factors and antibiotic susceptibility patterns in hospitalized patients. J Hosp Infect. 2020;104(1):46\u201352.","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"13732_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmii.2020.12.012","volume":"55","author":"RX Wu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wu RX, Yu CM, Hsu ST, Wang CH. Emergence of concurrent levofloxacin- and trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole-resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: risk factors and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern analysis from a single medical center in Taiwan. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2022;55(1):107\u201313.","journal-title":"J Microbiol Immunol Infect"},{"issue":"4","key":"13732_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2021.106324","volume":"57","author":"CC Lai","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lai CC, Chen SY, Ko WC, Hsueh PR. Increased antimicrobial resistance during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2021;57(4):106324.","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"4","key":"13732_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2023.02.021","volume":"16","author":"S Rehman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rehman S. A parallel and silent emerging pandemic: antimicrobial resistance amid COVID-19 pandemic. J Infect Public Health. 2023;16(4):611\u20137.","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"13732_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2015.0228","volume":"23","author":"SY Chong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chong SY, Lee K, Chung HS, Hong SG, Suh Y, Chong Y. Levofloxacin efflux and smeD in clinical isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Microb Drug Resist. 2017;23(2):163\u20138.","journal-title":"Microb Drug Resist"},{"key":"13732_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1163439","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1163439","volume":"10","author":"M Banar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Banar M, Sattari-Maraji A, Bayatinejad G, Ebrahimi E, Jabalameli L, Beigverdi R, Emaneini M, et al. Global prevalence and antibiotic resistance in clinical isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Med (Lausanne). 2023;10:1163439.","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"13732_CR16","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. 33rd ed. CLSI supplement M100. Wayne (PA): CLSI; 2023."},{"issue":"2","key":"13732_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1093\/ejcts\/ezy403","volume":"55","author":"SW Grant","year":"2019","unstructured":"Grant SW, Hickey GL, Head SJ. Statistical primer: Multivariable regression considerations and pitfalls. Eur J Cardio-thoracic Surg. 2019;55(2):179\u201385.","journal-title":"Eur J Cardio-thoracic Surg"},{"key":"13732_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2276","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.02276","volume":"8","author":"AA Adegoke","year":"2017","unstructured":"Adegoke AA, Stenstr\u00f6m TA, Okoh AI. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia as an emerging ubiquitous pathogen: looking beyond contemporary antibiotic therapy. Front Microbiol. 2017;8:2276.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"13732_CR19","first-page":"808293","volume":"13","author":"Y Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen Y, Zhou Z, Jiang Y, Yu Y. Emergence of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia as an important opportunistic pathogen in hospitals. Front Microbiol. 2022;13:808293.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"13732_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics13070577","volume":"13","author":"N Carbonell","year":"2024","unstructured":"Carbonell N, Oltra MR, Clari MA. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: the landscape in critically ill patients and optimizing management approaches. Antibiot (Basel). 2024;13(7):577.","journal-title":"Antibiot (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"13732_CR21","first-page":"1","volume":"42","author":"KA Al-Anazi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Al-Anazi KA, Al-Jasser AM, Al-Anazi WK. Infections caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in critically ill patients: a review of risk factors, antimicrobial resistance, and treatment outcomes. Ann Saudi Med. 2022;42(1):1\u201310.","journal-title":"Ann Saudi Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"13732_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens13020110","volume":"13","author":"M Gajd\u00e1cs","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gajd\u00e1cs M, Urb\u00e1n E. Epidemiology and resistance trends of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: a 10-year retrospective observational study. Pathogens. 2024;13(2):110.","journal-title":"Pathogens"},{"issue":"5","key":"13732_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e37375","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0037375","volume":"7","author":"G Samonis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Samonis G, Karageorgopoulos DE, Maraki S, Levis P, Dimopoulou D, Spernovasilis N, et al. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections in a general hospital: patient characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility, and treatment outcome. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(5):e37375.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"13732_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1556\/1886.2024.00022","volume":"14","author":"M Gajd\u00e1cs","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gajd\u00e1cs M, Matuz M, Ria B, Pet\u0151 Z, Hajd\u00fa E. Correlation between Stenotrophomonas maltophilia incidence and systemic antibiotic use: a 10-year retrospective observational study in Hungary. Eur J Microbiol Immunol. 2024;14(2):185\u201394.","journal-title":"Eur J Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"13732_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2023.02.018","volume":"34","author":"M Dadashi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dadashi M, Hajikhani B, Nazarinejad N, Noorisepehr N, Yazdani S, Hashemi A, et al. Global prevalence and distribution of antibiotic resistance among clinical isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Antimicrob Resist. 2023;34:253\u201367.","journal-title":"J Glob Antimicrob Resist"},{"key":"13732_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-024-00685-4","volume":"23","author":"N Bostanghadiri","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bostanghadiri N, Sholeh M, Navidifar T, Dadgar-Zankbar L, Elahi Z, van Belkum A, et al. Global mapping of antibiotic resistance rates among clinical isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob. 2024;23:26.","journal-title":"Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob"},{"issue":"1","key":"13732_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00019-11","volume":"25","author":"JS Brooke","year":"2012","unstructured":"Brooke JS. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: an emerging global opportunistic pathogen. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2012;25(1):2\u201341.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"13732_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00030","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00030-19","volume":"34","author":"JS Brooke","year":"2021","unstructured":"Brooke JS. Advances in the microbiology of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2021;34(3):e00030\u201319.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"13732_CR29","first-page":"233339281987077","volume":"6","author":"M Gajd\u00e1cs","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gajd\u00e1cs M, Urb\u00e1n E. Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in respiratory tract samples: a 10-year epidemiological snapshot. Health Serv Res Manag Epidemiol. 2019;6:2333392819870774.","journal-title":"Health Serv Res Manag Epidemiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"13732_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"880","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2005.01257.x","volume":"11","author":"D G\u00fclmez","year":"2005","unstructured":"G\u00fclmez D, Has\u00e7elik G. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: antimicrobial resistance and molecular typing of an emerging pathogen in a Turkish university hospital. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2005;11(11):880\u20136.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"2","key":"13732_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2009.09.015","volume":"35","author":"SJ Liaw","year":"2010","unstructured":"Liaw SJ, Lee YL, Hsueh PR. Multidrug resistance in clinical isolates of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: roles of integrons, efflux pumps, phosphoglucomutase, melanin and biofilm formation. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2010;35(2):126\u201330.","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"13732_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3392","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-28438-x","volume":"13","author":"M Raad","year":"2023","unstructured":"Raad M, Abou Haidar M, Ibrahim R, Rahal R, Abou Jaoude J, Harmouche C, et al. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia pneumonia in critically ill COVID-19 patients. Sci Rep. 2023;13:3392.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"13732_CR33","first-page":"567","volume":"22","author":"MF Mojica","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mojica MF, Bonomo RA, Fast W. Bacterial resistance to \u03b2-lactam antibiotics: new insights into mechanisms and treatment strategies. Nat Rev Microbiol. 2024;22:567\u201382.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"13732_CR34","first-page":"1153256","volume":"14","author":"LF Hu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hu LF, Chang X, Ye Y, Wang ZX, Shao YB, Shi W, et al. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia resistance mechanisms and therapeutic options. Front Microbiol. 2023;14:1153256.","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"13732_CR35","first-page":"55","volume":"140","author":"HS Sader","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sader HS, Mendes RE, Pfaller MA, Castanheira M. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates collected worldwide: results from the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program. Int J Infect Dis. 2025;140:55\u201361.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"13732_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciae250","volume":"79","author":"PD Tamma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tamma PD, Aitken SL, Bonomo RA, Mathers AJ, van Duin D, Clancy CJ. Infectious Diseases Society of America guidance on the treatment of antimicrobial-resistant Gram-negative infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2024;79(2):e1\u201338.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"13732_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2009.02752.x","volume":"15","author":"ME Falagas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Falagas ME, Kastoris AC, Vouloumanou EK, Rafailidis PI. Therapeutic options for multidrug-resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia infections beyond trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2009;15(4):308\u201314.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"2","key":"13732_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.45.2.413-419.2001","volume":"45","author":"MB Avison","year":"2001","unstructured":"Avison MB, Higgins CS, von Heldreich CJ, Bennett PM, Walsh TR. Plasmid location and molecular heterogeneity of the L1 and L2 beta-lactamase genes of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2001;45(2):413\u20139.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"2","key":"13732_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12020410","volume":"12","author":"O Yinsai","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yinsai O, Deeudom M, Duangsonk K. Genotypic diversity, antibiotic resistance, and virulence phenotypes of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical isolates from a Thai university hospital setting. Antibiot (Basel). 2023;12(2):410.","journal-title":"Antibiot (Basel)"},{"issue":"6","key":"13732_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00301","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00301-18","volume":"62","author":"MB S\u00e1nchez","year":"2018","unstructured":"S\u00e1nchez MB, Mart\u00ednez JL. Overexpression of the efflux pumps SmeVWX and SmeDEF is a major cause of resistance to cotrimoxazole in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2018;62(6):e00301\u201318.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"7","key":"13732_CR41","first-page":"1044","volume":"11","author":"OM Zaj\u0105c","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zaj\u0105c OM, Tyski S, Laudy AE. Contribution of efflux systems to levofloxacin resistance in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical strains isolated in Warsaw. Pol Biology (Basel). 2022;11(7):1044.","journal-title":"Pol Biology (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"13732_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.2478\/ahem-2024-0013","volume":"78","author":"B Niemiec","year":"2024","unstructured":"Niemiec B, Olesi\u0144ski B, Szyma\u0144ski M, Cendrowska-Pinkosz M. Unraveling the complexity of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia: a comprehensive review of current knowledge. Postepy Hig Med Dosw. 2024;78(1):103\u201310.","journal-title":"Postepy Hig Med Dosw"},{"issue":"4","key":"13732_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2405","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01974-13","volume":"58","author":"CW Lin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lin CW, Huang YW, Hu RM, Yang TC. SmeOP-TolCSm efflux pump contributes to the multidrug resistance of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2014;58(4):2405\u20138.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"13732_CR44","first-page":"103060","volume":"18","author":"N Pourmahdi-Torghabeh","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pourmahdi-Torghabeh N, Mohammadzadeh R, Izadi N, Farsiani H. Biofilm formation, biofilm-associated genes, and antibiotic resistance in clinical Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates. J Infect Public Health. 2025;18:103060.","journal-title":"J Infect Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"13732_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e00398","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00398-21","volume":"204","author":"CM Isom","year":"2022","unstructured":"Isom CM, Fort B, Anderson GG. Evaluating metabolic pathways and biofilm formation in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. J Bacteriol. 2022;204(1):e00398\u201321.","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"13732_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8873948","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/8873948","volume":"2023","author":"F Sameni","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sameni F, Hajikhani B, Hashemi A, Owlia P, Niakan M, Dadashi M. Relationship between biofilm genes and antibiotic resistance in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Int J Microbiol. 2023;2023:8873948.","journal-title":"Int J Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"13732_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.4103\/0256-4947.67073","volume":"30","author":"SM Al Johani","year":"2010","unstructured":"Al Johani SM, Akhter J, Balkhy H, El-Saed A, Younan M, Memish Z. Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among gram-negative isolates in an adult intensive care unit at a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia. Ann Saudi Med. 2010;30(5):364\u20139.","journal-title":"Ann Saudi Med"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12879-026-13732-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-026-13732-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12879-026-13732-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T05:03:02Z","timestamp":1786338182000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12879-026-13732-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["13732"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-026-13732-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The\n                      Institutional Review Boards (IRB)\n                      of\n                      An-Najah National University\n                      approved the study protocol, and the collected data were only used for clinical research purposes. Information was kept confidential and was not used for any other purpose. Patient information was coded to protect their identities. Because retrospective data were used, the IRB of\n                      An-Najah National University\n                      waived the requirement for informed consent. The authors confirmed that all methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. All procedures performed in this study were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"1456"}}