{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T21:50:23Z","timestamp":1792273823241,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729123200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729123200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Imaging"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-024-01458-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T15:03:35Z","timestamp":1729177415000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Primary spinal epidural abscess: magnetic resonance imaging characteristics and diagnosis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Gang","family":"Jiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ling-ling","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhi-tao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiu-fa","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qing-yuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuan-ping","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"1458_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.3171\/2013.3.SPINE12762","volume":"19","author":"DE Connor Jr","year":"2013","unstructured":"Connor DE Jr, Chittiboina P, Caldito G, et al. Comparison of operative and nonoperative management of spinal epidural abscess: a retrospective review of clinical and laboratory predictors of neurological outcome. J Neurosurg Spine. 2013;19:119\u201327.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"1458_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surneu.2004.09.021","volume":"63","author":"CE Pereira","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pereira CE, Lynch JC. Spinal epidural abscess: an analysis of 24 cases. Surg Neurol. 2005;63:S26\u20139.","journal-title":"Surg Neurol"},{"key":"1458_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2012","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra055111","volume":"355","author":"RO Darouiche","year":"2006","unstructured":"Darouiche RO. Spinal epidural abscess. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:2012\u201320.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1458_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2228","DOI":"10.1007\/s00586-011-1838-y","volume":"20","author":"SME Zimmerer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zimmerer SME, Conen A, M\u00fcller AA, et al. Spinal epidural abscess: aetiology, predisponent factors and clinical outcomes in a 4-year prospective study. Eur Spine J. 2011;20:2228\u201334.","journal-title":"Eur Spine J"},{"key":"1458_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2013.04.002","volume":"25","author":"KG Johnson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Johnson KG. Spinal epidural abscess. Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am. 2013;25:389\u201397.","journal-title":"Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am"},{"key":"1458_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1227\/00006123-198706000-00007","volume":"20","author":"JA Feldenzer","year":"1987","unstructured":"Feldenzer JA, McKeever PE, Schaberg DR, et al. Experimental spinal epidural abscess: a patho-physiological model in the rabbit. Neurosurgery. 1987;20:859\u201367.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"1458_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(37)90864-X","volume":"37","author":"J Browder","year":"1937","unstructured":"Browder J, Meyers R. Infection of the spinal epidural space. Am J Surg. 1937;37:4. \u2013\u200926.","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"1458_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sult.2023.03.015","volume":"44","author":"IC Miyoshi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Miyoshi IC, de Toledo AHN, Pereira FV, et al. Infectious myelitis. Semin Ultrasound CT MR. 2023;44:424\u201335.","journal-title":"Semin Ultrasound CT MR"},{"key":"1458_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/qjmed\/hcm100","volume":"101","author":"P Sendi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sendi P, Bregenzer T, Zimmerli W. Spinal epidural abscess in clinical practice. QJM. 2008;101:1\u201312.","journal-title":"QJM"},{"key":"1458_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1097\/00005792-199211000-00004","volume":"71","author":"RO Darouiche","year":"1992","unstructured":"Darouiche RO, Hamill RJ, Greenberg SB, et al. Bacterial spinal epidural abscess: review of 43 cases and literature survey. Med (Baltim). 1992;71:369\u201385.","journal-title":"Med (Baltim)"},{"key":"1458_CR11","first-page":"384","volume":"39","author":"M Tompkins","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tompkins M, Panuncialman I, Lucas P, et al. Spinal Epidural Abscess J Emerg Med. 2010;39:384\u201390.","journal-title":"Spinal Epidural Abscess J Emerg Med"},{"key":"1458_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.3171\/2011.1.SPINE1091","volume":"14","author":"D Davis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Davis D, Salazar A, Chan T, et al. Progressive evaluation of clinical decision guideline to diagnose spinal epidural abscess in patients who present to the emergency department with spine pain. J Neurosurg Spine. 2011;14:765\u201370.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Spine"},{"key":"1458_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.17.00630","volume":"100","author":"AA Shah","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shah AA, Ogink PT, Harris MB, et al. Development of Predictive algorithms for Pre-treatment Motor Deficit and 90-Day mortality in spinal epidural abscess. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2018;100:1030\u201338.","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"key":"1458_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e929","DOI":"10.5435\/JAAOS-D-19-00685","volume":"28","author":"JH Schwab","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schwab JH, Shah AA. Spinal epidural abscess: diagnosis, management, and outcomes. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 2020;28:e929\u201338.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Orthop Surg"},{"key":"1458_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E12","DOI":"10.3171\/foc.2004.17.6.12","volume":"17","author":"JF Parkinson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Parkinson JF, Sekhon LH. Spinal epidural abscess: appearance on magnetic resonance imaging as a guide to surgical management. Neurosurg Focus. 2004;17:E12.","journal-title":"Neurosurg Focus"},{"key":"1458_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Numaguchi Y, Rigamonti D, Rothman MI et al. Spinal epidural abscess: evaluation with gadolinium-enhanced MR imaging. RadioGraphics.1993,13:545\u201359.","DOI":"10.1148\/radiographics.13.3.8316663"}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12880-024-01458-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12880-024-01458-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12880-024-01458-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]],"date-time":"2024-10-17T15:04:11Z","timestamp":1729177451000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmedimaging.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12880-024-01458-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1458"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12880-024-01458-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2342"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2342","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 October 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 October 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This retrospective study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Affiliated hospital of Qingdao University, and all patient requirements for informed consent were waived.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Clinical trial number"}}],"article-number":"278"}}