{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T23:28:41Z","timestamp":1786663721659,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780963200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":66,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"the high-level talents scientific research start-up funds of the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University","award":["GCC2024029"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GCC2024029"]}]},{"name":"the Science and Technology Bureau Project of Zhanjiang","award":["2025A502034"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025A502034"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Imaging"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-026-02488-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]],"date-time":"2026-06-09T11:05:53Z","timestamp":1781003153000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Nomogram prediction model for pathological complete response of metastatic axillary lymph nodes of breast cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Yinting","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ge","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuping","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"2488_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1565","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13071565","volume":"13","author":"PM Banys","year":"2021","unstructured":"Banys PM, Gasparri ML, DE Boniface J, et al. Surgical management of the axilla in clinically node-positive breast cancer patients converting to clinical node negativity through neoadjuvant chemotherapy: current status, knowledge gaps, and rationale for the EUBREAST-03 AXSANA Study[J]. Cancers (Basel). 2021;13(7):1565.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2488_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.1097\/SLA.0000000000003126","volume":"271","author":"S Samiei","year":"2020","unstructured":"Samiei S, Van Nijnatten TJA, De Munck L, et al. Correlation between pathologic complete response in the breast and absence of axillary lymph node metastases after neoadjuvant systemic therapy[J]. Ann Surg. 2020;271(3):574\u201380.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"2488_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428-021-03128-z","volume":"480","author":"G Cserni","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cserni G, Maguire A, Bianchi S, et al. Sentinel lymph node assessment in breast cancer-an update on current recommendations[J]. Virchows Arch. 2022;480(1):95\u2013107.","journal-title":"Virchows Arch"},{"issue":"16","key":"2488_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4167","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13164167","volume":"13","author":"V Murthy","year":"2021","unstructured":"Murthy V, Young J, Tokumaru Y, et al. Options to determine pathological response of axillary lymph node metastasis after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in advanced breast cancer[J]. Cancers (Basel). 2021;13(16):4167.","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2488_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1093\/bjs\/znaa083","volume":"108","author":"S Hartmann","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hartmann S, Kuhn T, DE Boniface J, et al. Carbon tattooing for targeted lymph node biopsy after primary systemic therapy in breast cancer: prospective multicentre TATTOO trial[J]. Br J Surg. 2021;108(3):302\u20137.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"2488_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1097\/CM9.0000000000001876","volume":"135","author":"W Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang W, Wang X, Liu J, et al. Nomogram for predicting axillary lymph node pathological response in node-positive breast cancer patients after neoadjuvant chemotherapy[J]. Chin Med J (Engl). 2021;135(3):333\u201340.","journal-title":"Chin Med J (Engl)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2488_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2020192534","volume":"295","author":"JM Chang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chang JM, Leung J, Moy L, et al. Axillary nodal evaluation in breast cancer: state of the art[J]. Radiology. 2020;295(3):500\u201315.","journal-title":"Radiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2488_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10858","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-89738-8","volume":"11","author":"Y Maeshima","year":"2021","unstructured":"Maeshima Y, Sakai T, Ogiya A, et al. Assessment of axillary node status by ultrasound after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with clinically node-positive breast cancer according to breast cancer subtype[J]. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):10858.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"2488_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.2214\/AJR.07.2460","volume":"191","author":"DG Bedi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bedi DG, Krishnamurthy R, Krishnamurth S, et al. Cortical morphologic features of axillary lymph nodes as a predictor of metastasis in breast cancer: in vitro sonographic study[J]. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2008;191(3):646\u201352.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2488_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.4048\/jbc.2021.24.e47","volume":"24","author":"JM Chang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chang JM, Shin HJ, Choi JS, et al. Imaging protocol and criteria for evaluation of axillary lymph nodes in the NAUTILUS trial[J]. Breast Cancer. 2021;24(6):554\u201360.","journal-title":"Breast Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"2488_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1111\/tbj.14125","volume":"27","author":"H Schmidt","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schmidt H, Zhaveri S, Valente C, et al. Response in breast vs axilla after neoadjuvant treatment and implications for nonoperative management of invasive breast cancer [J]. Breast J. 2021;27(2):120\u20135.","journal-title":"Breast J"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"2488_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3819","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.32830","volume":"126","author":"R Guo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guo R, Su Y, SI J, et al. A nomogram for predicting axillary pathologic complete response in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer with cytologically proven axillary lymph node metastases[J]. Cancer. 2020;126(Suppl):3819\u201329.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"2488_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.25928","volume":"122","author":"CC Spautz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Spautz CC, Schunemann JE, Budel LR, et al. Marking axillary nodes with 4% carbon microparticle suspension before neoadjuvant chemotherapy improves sentinel node identification rate and axillary staging[J]. Surg Oncol. 2020;122(2):164\u20139.","journal-title":"Surg Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2488_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clbc.2023.05.010","volume":"23","author":"X Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang X, Hua H, Han J, et al. Evaluation of multiparametric MRI radiomics-based nomogram in prediction of response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer: A two-center study[J]. Clin Breast Cancer. Aug; 2023;23(6):e331\u201344.","journal-title":"Clin Breast Cancer"},{"issue":"2","key":"2488_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suronc.2018.02.003","volume":"27","author":"L Ouldamer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ouldamer L, Chas M, Arbion F, et al. Risk scoring system for predicting axillary response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in initially node-positive women with breast cancer. Surg Oncol. 2018;27(2):158\u201365.","journal-title":"Surg Oncol"},{"key":"2488_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zheng L, Yang LX, Liu JY, et al. Correlation and predictive value of pathological complete response and ultrasound characteristic parameters in neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast. World J Clin Cases. 2024;12(23):5320\u20135328.","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v12.i23.5320"},{"issue":"2","key":"2488_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-019-05428-x","volume":"301","author":"PM Banys","year":"2020","unstructured":"Banys PM, Gruber IV, Hartkopf A, et al. Axillary ultrasound for prediction of response to neoadjuvant therapy in the context of surgical strategies to axillary dissection in primary breast cancer: a systematic review of the current literature[J]. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2020;301(2):341\u201353.","journal-title":"Arch Gynecol Obstet"},{"issue":"3","key":"2488_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.21873\/invivo.11894","volume":"34","author":"W Malter","year":"2020","unstructured":"Malter W, Eichler C, Hanstein B, et al. First reported use of radiofrequency identification (RFID) technique for targeted excision of suspicious axillary lymph nodes in early-stage breast cancer- evaluation of feasibility and review of current recommendations[J]. Vivo. 2020;34(3):1207\u201313.","journal-title":"Vivo"},{"key":"2488_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shao H, Sun Y, NA Z, et al. Diagnostic value of applying preoperative breast ultrasound and clinicopathologic features to predict axillary lymph node burden in early invasive breast cancer: a study of 1247 patients. BMC Cancer. 2024;24(1):112.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-024-11853-2"},{"issue":"3","key":"2488_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.10.026","volume":"45","author":"WH Kim","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kim WH, Kim HJ, Park HY, et al. Axillary pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy in clinically node positive breast cancer patients: A predictive model integrating the imaging characteristics of ultrasound restaging with known clinicopathologic characteristics[J]. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2019;45(3):702\u20139.","journal-title":"Ultrasound Med Biol"},{"key":"2488_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581321","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.581321","volume":"10","author":"Y Luo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Luo Y, Zhao C, Gao Y, et al. Predicting axillary lymph node status with a nomogram based on breast lesion ultrasound features: performance in N1 breast cancer patients[J]. Front Oncol. 2020;10:581321.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"2488_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845823","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2022.845823","volume":"12","author":"Z Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li Z, Tong Y, Chen X, Shen K. Accuracy of ultrasonographic changes during neoadjuvant chemotherapy to predict axillary lymph node response in clinical node-positive breast cancer patients[J]. Front Oncol. 2022;12:845823.","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2488_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.144.2.261","volume":"144","author":"GM Glazer","year":"1985","unstructured":"Glazer GM, Gross BH, Quint LE, et al. Normal mediastinal lymph nodes: number and size according to American Thoracic Society mapping[J]. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1985;144(2):261\u20135.","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2488_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1638","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acra.2022.11.006","volume":"30","author":"Q Zeng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zeng Q, Ke M, Zhong L, et al. Radiomics based on dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI to early predict pathologic complete response in breast cancer patients treated with neoadjuvant therapy[J]. Acad Radiol. Aug 2023;30(8):1638\u201347.","journal-title":"Acad Radiol"},{"key":"2488_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ofri A, Elstner K, Mann GB, et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in non-metastatic breast cancer: The surgeon\u2019s perspective. Surgeon. 2023;21(6):356\u201360.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surge.2023.04.001"}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12880-026-02488-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12880-026-02488-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12880-026-02488-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T23:07:48Z","timestamp":1786662468000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12880-026-02488-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2488"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12880-026-02488-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2342"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2342","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 September 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 May 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Ethics approval and consent to participate This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University (PJ2021\u2013024), and informed consent was secured from all participants.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"399"}}