{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:36:39Z","timestamp":1792787799569,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":86,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Medical and Health Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Provincial Health Commission of China","award":["2024KY250, 2022KY707, and 2024KY866"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024KY250, 2022KY707, and 2024KY866"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00va36f15","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Medical and Health Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Provincial Health Commission of China","award":["2024KY250, 2022KY707, and 2024KY866"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024KY250, 2022KY707, and 2024KY866"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00va36f15","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Medical and Health Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Provincial Health Commission of China","award":["2024KY250, 2022KY707, and 2024KY866"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024KY250, 2022KY707, and 2024KY866"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00va36f15","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Medical and Health Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Provincial Health Commission of China","award":["2024KY250, 2022KY707, and 2024KY866"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024KY250, 2022KY707, and 2024KY866"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00va36f15","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Medical and Health Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Provincial Health Commission of China","award":["2024KY250, 2022KY707, and 2024KY866"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024KY250, 2022KY707, and 2024KY866"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00va36f15","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Medical and Health Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Provincial Health Commission of China","award":["2024KY250, 2022KY707, and 2024KY866"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024KY250, 2022KY707, and 2024KY866"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00va36f15","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Medical and Health Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Provincial Health Commission of China","award":["2024KY250, 2022KY707, and 2024KY866"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024KY250, 2022KY707, and 2024KY866"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00va36f15","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Medical and Health Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Provincial Health Commission of China","award":["2024KY250, 2022KY707, and 2024KY866"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024KY250, 2022KY707, and 2024KY866"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00va36f15","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Medical and Health Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Provincial Health Commission of China","award":["2024KY250, 2022KY707, and 2024KY866"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024KY250, 2022KY707, and 2024KY866"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00va36f15","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Medical and Health Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Provincial Health Commission of China","award":["2024KY250, 2022KY707, and 2024KY866"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024KY250, 2022KY707, and 2024KY866"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/00va36f15","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Zhejiang Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project","award":["2024ZR048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZR048"]}]},{"name":"the Zhejiang Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project","award":["2024ZR048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZR048"]}]},{"name":"the Zhejiang Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project","award":["2024ZR048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZR048"]}]},{"name":"the Zhejiang Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project","award":["2024ZR048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZR048"]}]},{"name":"the Zhejiang Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project","award":["2024ZR048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZR048"]}]},{"name":"the Zhejiang Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project","award":["2024ZR048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZR048"]}]},{"name":"the Zhejiang Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project","award":["2024ZR048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZR048"]}]},{"name":"the Zhejiang Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project","award":["2024ZR048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZR048"]}]},{"name":"the Zhejiang Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project","award":["2024ZR048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZR048"]}]},{"name":"the Zhejiang Province Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project","award":["2024ZR048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZR048"]}]},{"name":"the Medical and Health Science and Technology Project of Hangzhou","award":["B20230369 and B20230825"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B20230369 and B20230825"]}]},{"name":"the Medical and Health Science and Technology Project of Hangzhou","award":["B20230369 and B20230825"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B20230369 and B20230825"]}]},{"name":"the Medical and Health Science and Technology Project of Hangzhou","award":["B20230369 and B20230825"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B20230369 and B20230825"]}]},{"name":"the Medical and Health Science and Technology Project of Hangzhou","award":["B20230369 and B20230825"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B20230369 and B20230825"]}]},{"name":"the Medical and Health Science and Technology Project of Hangzhou","award":["B20230369 and B20230825"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B20230369 and B20230825"]}]},{"name":"the Medical and Health Science and Technology Project of Hangzhou","award":["B20230369 and B20230825"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B20230369 and B20230825"]}]},{"name":"the Medical and Health Science and Technology Project of Hangzhou","award":["B20230369 and B20230825"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B20230369 and B20230825"]}]},{"name":"the Medical and Health Science and Technology Project of Hangzhou","award":["B20230369 and B20230825"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B20230369 and B20230825"]}]},{"name":"the Medical and Health Science and Technology Project of Hangzhou","award":["B20230369 and B20230825"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B20230369 and B20230825"]}]},{"name":"the Medical and Health Science and Technology Project of Hangzhou","award":["B20230369 and B20230825"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B20230369 and B20230825"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Imaging"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to establish and validate a scoring system utilizing clinical and head CT features to predict high cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) burden (&gt;\u200910 CMBs) in hypertensive patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective review was conducted on 458 hypertensive patients from two centers, including 244 patients in the training cohort, 101 patients in the internal validation cohort, and 113 patients in the external validation cohort. Clinical data, as well as head CT and MRI findings, were collected. Head MRI results were used to classify patients into two groups: those with &gt;\u200910 CMBs and those with \u2264\u200910 CMBs. Statistically significant clinical and CT features distinguishing the groups were identified through univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. These features were subsequently weighted and scored to establish a scoring system. The model\u2019s effectiveness was assessed through receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and decision curve analysis (DCA). To enhance clinical applicability, the scoring system was stratified into three score ranges.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Four features were ultimately incorporated into the scoring system: hypertension duration, lacunar infarcts count grade, lacunar infarcts location grade, and leukoaraiosis grade. The area under the curve (AUC) values for the training, internal validation, and external validation cohorts were 0.898 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.857\u20130.938), 0.840 (95% CI: 0.760\u20130.920), and 0.810 (95% CI: 0.725\u20130.877), respectively. At a cutoff value of 4.5 points, the sensitivity and specificity were 85.7% and 76.9%, respectively. The DCA further demonstrated the clinical utility of the model. The scoring system was categorized into three ranges: 0\u20131, 2\u20134, and 5\u201312. As the score increased, the incidence of high CMBs burden (&gt;\u200910 CMBs) in the training, internal validation, and external validation cohorts progressively increased.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The scoring system, which incorporates clinical and head CT features, has proven to be a valuable tool for predicting high CMBs burden in hypertensive patients and provides significant support for clinical decision-making.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-026-02576-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T15:23:58Z","timestamp":1784042638000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A clinical and head CT-based scoring system for predicting high cerebral microbleeds burden in hypertensive patients"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Xinbin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yonggang","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qinbin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihua","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dihong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deyun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yicheng","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zebin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2576_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Haller S, Vernooij MW, Kuijer JPA, Larsson EM, J\u00e4ger HR, Barkhof F. Cerebral microbleeds: imaging and clinical significance. Radiology. 2018;287(1):11-28.","DOI":"10.1148\/radiol.2018170803"},{"issue":"6","key":"2576_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H1128","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00780.2016","volume":"312","author":"Z Ungvari","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ungvari Z, Tarantini S, Kirkpatrick AC, Csiszar A, Prodan CI. Cerebral microhemorrhages: mechanisms, consequences, and prevention. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2017;312(6):H1128\u201343.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2576_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1212\/CPJ.0000000000000563","volume":"8","author":"J Hata","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hata J, Yubi T, Ninomiya T. Author response: Prevalence of and risk factors for cerebral microbleeds in a general Japanese elderly community. Neurol Clin Pract. 2018;8(6):464\u20135.","journal-title":"Neurol Clin Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"2576_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107527","volume":"33","author":"S Shahjouei","year":"2024","unstructured":"Shahjouei S, Chaudhary D, Sadighi A, Khan A, Romeo A, Cabrera F, Ishaq F, Aghayari Sheikh Neshin S, Bayan N, Abedi V, et al. Prevalence and associated factors of cerebral microbleeds in a rural population of the United States. J stroke Cerebrovasc diseases: official J Natl Stroke Association. 2024;33(3):107527.","journal-title":"J stroke Cerebrovasc diseases: official J Natl Stroke Association"},{"issue":"1","key":"2576_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.5853\/jos.2016.00864","volume":"19","author":"SJ An","year":"2017","unstructured":"An SJ, Kim TJ, Yoon B. Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Clinical Features of Intracerebral Hemorrhage: An Update. J Stroke. 2017;19(1):3\u201310.","journal-title":"J STROKE"},{"issue":"2","key":"2576_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-9156-5","volume":"267","author":"J Yan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yan J, Qiu J, Wu X, Ge Y, Wang J, Wang Y. Pretreatment cerebral microbleeds and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage post-thrombolysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurol. 2020;267(2):301\u20137.","journal-title":"J NEUROL"},{"issue":"7","key":"2576_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30184-X","volume":"18","author":"R Al-Shahi Salman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Al-Shahi Salman R, Minks DP, Mitra D, Rodrigues MA, Bhatnagar P, du Plessis JC, Joshi Y, Dennis MS, Murray GD, Newby DE, et al. Effects of antiplatelet therapy on stroke risk by brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases: subgroup analyses of the RESTART randomised, open-label trial. Lancet Neurol. 2019;18(7):643\u201352.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2576_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.119.027633","volume":"51","author":"L Schlemm","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schlemm L, Endres M, Werring DJ, Nolte CH. Benefit of Intravenous Thrombolysis in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients With High Cerebral Microbleed Burden. Stroke. 2020;51(1):232\u20139.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"6","key":"2576_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.0292","volume":"73","author":"G Tsivgoulis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tsivgoulis G, Zand R, Katsanos AH, Turc G, Nolte CH, Jung S, Cordonnier C, Fiebach JB, Scheitz JF, Klinger-Gratz PP, et al. Risk of Symptomatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage After Intravenous Thrombolysis in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke and High Cerebral Microbleed Burden: A Meta-analysis. JAMA NEUROL. 2016;73(6):675\u201383.","journal-title":"JAMA NEUROL"},{"issue":"7","key":"2576_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30197-8","volume":"18","author":"D Wilson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wilson D, Ambler G, Lee K, Lim J, Shiozawa M, Koga M, Li L, Lovelock C, Chabriat H, Hennerici M, et al. Cerebral microbleeds and stroke risk after ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack: a pooled analysis of individual patient data from cohort studies. Lancet Neurol. 2019;18(7):653\u201365.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2576_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"I","DOI":"10.1177\/2396987321989865","volume":"6","author":"E Berge","year":"2021","unstructured":"Berge E, Whiteley W, Audebert H, De Marchis GM, Fonseca AC, Padiglioni C, de la Ossa NP, Strbian D, Tsivgoulis G, Turc G. European Stroke Organisation (ESO) guidelines on intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischaemic stroke. EUR STROKE J. 2021;6(1):I\u2013LXII.","journal-title":"EUR STROKE J"},{"issue":"5","key":"2576_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.5603\/PJNNS.a2021.0058","volume":"55","author":"A Wach-Klink","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wach-Klink A, Ycka- Wieszewska I, Kozera E, Sobolewski G. Cerebral microbleeds in neurological practice: concepts, diagnostics and clinical aspects. NEUROL NEUROCHIR POL. 2021;55(5):450\u201361.","journal-title":"NEUROL NEUROCHIR POL"},{"key":"2576_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Powers WJ, Rabinstein AA, Ackerson T, Adeoye OM, Bambakidis NC, Becker K, Biller J, Brown M, Demaerschalk BM, Hoh B, et al. Guidelines for the early management of patients with acute ischemic stroke: 2019 update to the 2018 guidelines for the early management of acute ischemic stroke: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association\/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2019;50(12):e344-e418.","DOI":"10.1161\/STR.0000000000000211"},{"key":"2576_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833952","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.833952","volume":"13","author":"Y Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li Y, Gao H, Zhang D, Gao X, Lu L, Liu C, Li Q, Miao C, Ma H, Li Y. Clinical Prediction Model for Screening Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients With More Than 10 Cerebral Microbleeds. FRONT NEUROL. 2022;13:833952.","journal-title":"FRONT NEUROL"},{"issue":"3","key":"2576_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.2174\/1567202620666230710160809","volume":"20","author":"T Lv","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lv T, Li C. The Study of Risk Factors and The Predict Model of Cerebral Microbleeds. CURR NEUROVASC RES. 2023;20(3):377\u201389.","journal-title":"CURR NEUROVASC RES"},{"issue":"12","key":"2576_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1038\/s41371-019-0279-7","volume":"33","author":"J Gumprecht","year":"2019","unstructured":"Gumprecht J, Domek M, Lip GYH, Shantsila A. Invited review: hypertension and atrial fibrillation: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and implications for management. J HUM HYPERTENS. 2019;33(12):824\u201336.","journal-title":"J HUM HYPERTENS"},{"issue":"2","key":"2576_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1159\/000442419","volume":"46","author":"Y Pan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pan Y, Zhao X, Jiang Y, Li H, Wang L, Liu L, Wang C, Jing J, Xu J, Meng X, et al. Prevalence, Awareness and Control of Hypertension in Patients with Transient Ischemic Attacks in China. Neuroepidemiology. 2016;46(2):84\u20137.","journal-title":"Neuroepidemiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2576_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102030","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gassur.2025.102030","volume":"29","author":"S Mao","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mao S, Li W, Pan Y, Wu H, Xiang Y, Liu M, Zhao T, Tao H, Wang L, Xu G. Long-term outcomes of additional surgery vs. observation after noncurative endoscopic submucosal dissection for early gastric cancer and application value of the eCura scoring system: a propensity score-matched study. J Gastrointest surgery: official J Soc Surg Aliment Tract. 2025;29(6):102030.","journal-title":"J Gastrointest surgery: official J Soc Surg Aliment Tract"},{"issue":"12","key":"2576_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8986","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-023-09873-w","volume":"33","author":"K Shen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shen K, Mo W, Wang X, Shi D, Qian W, Sun J, Yu R. A convenient scoring system to distinguish intrahepatic mass-forming cholangiocarcinoma from solitary colorectal liver metastasis based on magnetic resonance imaging features. EUR RADIOL. 2023;33(12):8986\u201398.","journal-title":"EUR RADIOL"},{"issue":"1","key":"2576_CR20","first-page":"303","volume":"12","author":"J Xu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu J, Yu J, Wang X, Xiong Y, Lu Y, Zhou J, Zhou Q, Yang X, Shi D, Huang X, et al. A radiologic diagnostic scoring model based on CT features for differentiating gastric schwannoma from gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumors. AM J CANCER RES. 2022;12(1):303\u201314.","journal-title":"AM J CANCER RES"},{"issue":"17","key":"2576_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181dad605","volume":"74","author":"J Linn","year":"2010","unstructured":"Linn J, Halpin A, Demaerel P, Ruhland J, Giese AD, Dichgans M, van Buchem MA, Bruckmann H, Greenberg SM. Prevalence of superficial siderosis in patients with cerebral amyloid angiopathy. NEUROLOGY. 2010;74(17):1346\u201350.","journal-title":"NEUROLOGY"},{"issue":"2","key":"2576_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70013-4","volume":"8","author":"SM Greenberg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Greenberg SM, Vernooij MW, Cordonnier C, Viswanathan A, Al-Shahi Salman R, Warach S, Launer LJ, Van Buchem MA, Breteler MM, Microbleed SG. Cerebral microbleeds: a guide to detection and interpretation. Lancet Neurol. 2009;8(2):165\u201374.","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2576_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1186\/s41747-024-00544-z","volume":"9","author":"V Sundaresan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sundaresan V, Zamboni G, Dineen RA, Auer DP, Sotiropoulos SN, Sprigg N, Jenkinson M, Griffanti L. Automated characterisation of cerebral microbleeds using their size and spatial distribution on brain MRI. EUR RADIOL EXP. 2025;9(1):5.","journal-title":"EUR RADIOL EXP"},{"issue":"3","key":"2576_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s12031-018-1096-0","volume":"65","author":"F Crosta","year":"2018","unstructured":"Crosta F, Occhiuzzi U, Passalacqua G, Occhiuzzi E, Cimini A, Grassi D, Ferri C, Marini C, Borghi C, Desideri G. Association Between the Serum Uric Acid Levels and Lacunar Infarcts in the Elderly. J Mol neuroscience: MN. 2018;65(3):385\u201390.","journal-title":"J Mol neuroscience: MN"},{"issue":"1","key":"2576_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2014.09.010","volume":"60","author":"OH Del Brutto","year":"2015","unstructured":"Del Brutto OH, Mera RM, Zambrano M, Soriano F, Lama J. Global cortical atrophy (GCA) associates with worse performance in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). A population-based study in community-dwelling elders living in rural Ecuador. ARCH GERONTOL GERIAT. 2015;60(1):206\u20139.","journal-title":"ARCH GERONTOL GERIAT"},{"issue":"3","key":"2576_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1991.tb04675.x","volume":"83","author":"K Blennow","year":"1991","unstructured":"Blennow K, Wallin A, Uhlemann C, Gottfries CG. White-matter lesions on CT in Alzheimer patients: relation to clinical symptomatology and vascular factors. ACTA NEUROL SCAND. 1991;83(3):187\u201393.","journal-title":"ACTA NEUROL SCAND"},{"issue":"4","key":"2576_CR27","first-page":"ofz103","volume":"6","author":"H Ben Ayed","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ben Ayed H, Koubaa M, Hammami F, Marrakchi C, Rekik K, Ben Jemaa T, Maaloul I, Yaich S, Damak J, Ben Jemaa M. Performance of an Easy and Simple New Scoring Model in Predicting Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections. OPEN FORUM INFECT DI. 2019;6(4):ofz103.","journal-title":"OPEN FORUM INFECT DI"},{"issue":"12","key":"2576_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(96)00236-3","volume":"49","author":"P Peduzzi","year":"1996","unstructured":"Peduzzi P, Concato J, Kemper E, Holford TR, Feinstein AR. A simulation study of the number of events per variable in logistic regression analysis. J CLIN EPIDEMIOL. 1996;49(12):1373\u20139.","journal-title":"J CLIN EPIDEMIOL"},{"key":"2576_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Petrea RE, O'Donnell A, Beiser AS, Habes M, Aparicio H, DeCarli C, Seshadri S, Romero JR. Mid to late life hypertension trends and cerebral small vessel disease in the Framingham Heart Study. Hypertension. 2020;76(3):707-714.","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.120.15073"},{"issue":"1","key":"2576_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.21037\/qims-21-28","volume":"12","author":"C Liang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liang C, Wang J, Feng M, Zhang N, Guo L. White matter changes, duration of hypertension, and age are associated with cerebral microbleeds in patients with different stages of hypertension. QUANT IMAG MED SURG. 2022;12(1):119\u201330.","journal-title":"QUANT IMAG MED SURG"},{"issue":"2","key":"2576_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1177\/23969873241226771","volume":"9","author":"G He","year":"2024","unstructured":"He G, Fang H, Xue B, Wei L, Lu H, Deng J, Zhu Y. Impact of leukoaraiosis on the infarct growth rate and clinical outcome in acute large vessel occlusion stroke after endovascular thrombectomy. EUR STROKE J. 2024;9(2):338\u201347.","journal-title":"EUR STROKE J"},{"key":"2576_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144564","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1144564","volume":"14","author":"Z Zhan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhan Z, Xu T, Xu Y, Fu F, Cheng Z, Xia L, Wu Y, Xu X, Cao Y, Han Z. Associations between computed tomography markers of cerebral small vessel disease and hemorrhagic transformation after intravenous thrombolysis in acute ischemic stroke patients. FRONT NEUROL. 2023;14:1144564.","journal-title":"FRONT NEUROL"},{"issue":"8","key":"2576_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2016-315324","volume":"88","author":"S Hilal","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hilal S, Mok V, Youn YC, Wong A, Ikram MK, Chen CL. Prevalence, risk factors and consequences of cerebral small vessel diseases: data from three Asian countries. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2017;88(8):669\u201374.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"2576_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.1144","volume":"19","author":"R Rossi","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rossi R, Joachim C, Geroldi C, Combrinck M, Esiri MM, Smith AD, Frisoni GB. Association between subcortical vascular disease on CT and neuropathological findings. INT J GERIATR PSYCH. 2004;19(7):690\u20135.","journal-title":"INT J GERIATR PSYCH"},{"issue":"5","key":"2576_CR35","first-page":"483","volume":"34","author":"K Tajitsu","year":"2006","unstructured":"Tajitsu K, Yokoyama S, Taguchi Y, Kusumoto K. The correlation between lacunes and microbleeds on magnetic resonance imaging in consecutive 180 patients. Neurol Surg. 2006;34(5):483\u20139.","journal-title":"Neurol Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"2576_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1179\/1743132815Y.0000000027","volume":"37","author":"Q Yang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yang Q, Yang Y, Li C, Li J, Liu X, Wang A, Zhao J, Wang M, Zeng X, Fan D. Quantitative assessment and correlation analysis of cerebral microbleed distribution and leukoaraiosis in stroke outpatients. NEUROL RES. 2015;37(5):403\u20139.","journal-title":"NEUROL RES"}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12880-026-02576-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12880-026-02576-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12880-026-02576-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T02:16:47Z","timestamp":1791425807000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12880-026-02576-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2576"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12880-026-02576-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2342"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2342","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of the First People\u2019s Hospital of Xiaoshan District, Hangzhou (No. 2025.11.26\/2025\u2009\u2212\u2009222) and the Ethics Committee of the Affiliated Dongyang Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Dongyang (No. 2025.10.13\/2025-YX-255). The requirement for informed consent was waived.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"509"}}