{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T14:51:12Z","timestamp":1791471072251,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783728000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":89,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Imaging"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-026-02583-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T15:04:53Z","timestamp":1783782293000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Linking vertebral trabecular structure to growth rate: clinical and developmental insights"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Merve","family":"Gonca","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet Fatih","family":"Sert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dilara Nil","family":"G\u00fcna\u00e7ar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taha Emre","family":"K\u00f6se","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B\u00fc\u015fra","family":"Be\u015fer G\u00fcl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samet","family":"Uygun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2583_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejrad.2018.03.012","volume":"102","author":"A Szemraj","year":"2018","unstructured":"Szemraj A, Wojtaszek-Slominska A, Racka-Pilszak B. Is the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method effective enough to replace the hand-wrist maturation (HWM) method in determining skeletal maturation?-A systematic review. Eur J Radiol. 2018;102:125\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ejrad.2018.03.012.","journal-title":"Eur J Radiol"},{"key":"2583_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1043\/0003-3219(1982)052<0088:REOSM>2.0.CO;2","volume":"52","author":"LS Fishman","year":"1982","unstructured":"Fishman LS. Radiographic evaluation of skeletal maturation. A clinically oriented method based on hand-wrist films. Angle Orthod. 1982;52:88\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1043\/0003-3219(1982)052%3C0088:REOSM%3E2.0.CO;2.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"2583_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1043\/0003-3219(1987)057<0178:MPAPDA>2.0.CO;2","volume":"57","author":"LS Fishman","year":"1987","unstructured":"Fishman LS. Maturational patterns and prediction during adolescence. Angle Orthod. 1987;57:178\u201393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1043\/0003-3219(1987)057%3C0178:MPAPDA%3E2.0.CO;2.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"2583_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-019-0295-8","volume":"20","author":"H Kok","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kok H, Acilar AM, Izgi MS. Usage and comparison of artificial intelligence algorithms for determination of growth and development by cervical vertebrae stages in orthodontics. Prog Orthod. 2019;20:41. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40510-019-0295-8.","journal-title":"Prog Orthod"},{"key":"2583_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.5152\/TurkJOrthod.2022.21003","volume":"35","author":"A Lucchese","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lucchese A, Bondemark L, Farronato M, Rubini G, Gherlone EF, Lo Giudice A, Manuelli M. Efficacy of the cervical vertebral maturation method: A systematic review. Turk J Orthod. 2022;35:55\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5152\/TurkJOrthod.2022.21003.","journal-title":"Turk J Orthod"},{"key":"2583_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjs043","volume":"35","author":"R Patcas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Patcas R, Signorelli L, Peltomaki T, Schatzle M. Is the use of the cervical vertebrae maturation method justified to determine skeletal age? A comparison of radiation dose of two strategies for skeletal age estimation. Eur J Orthod. 2013;35:604\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ejo\/cjs043.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"2583_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20220113","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20220113","volume":"51","author":"U Pamukcu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pamukcu U, Ispir NG, Akay G, Karadag Atas O, Gungor K, Toraman M. Evaluation of the compatibility of C2, C3, and C4 fractal dimension values with hand-wrist and cervical vertebra maturation methods in determining skeletal maturation. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2022;51:20220113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1259\/dmfr.20220113.","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"2583_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.3390\/children8100910","volume":"8","author":"JY Jeon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jeon JY, Kim CS, Kim JS, Choi SH. Correlation and correspondence between skeletal maturation indicators in hand-wrist and cervical vertebra analyses and skeletal maturity score in Korean adolescents. Child (Basel). 2021;8:910. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children8100910.","journal-title":"Child (Basel)"},{"key":"2583_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.12659\/PJR.889072","volume":"78","author":"M Durka-Zajac","year":"2013","unstructured":"Durka-Zajac M, Marcinkowska A, Mitus-Kenig M. Bone age assessment using cephalometric photographs. Pol J Radiol. 2013;78:19\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12659\/PJR.889072.","journal-title":"Pol J Radiol"},{"key":"2583_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2011.11.018","volume":"113","author":"V Joshi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Joshi V, Yamaguchi T, Matsuda Y, Kaneko N, Maki K, Okano T. Skeletal maturity assessment with the use of cone-beam computerized tomography. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2012;113:841\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.oooo.2011.11.018.","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"key":"2583_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2011.01.010","volume":"39","author":"I Sanchez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Sanchez I, Uzcategui G. Fractals in dentistry. J Dent. 2011;39:273\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdent.2011.01.010.","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"2583_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03483-0","volume":"23","author":"I Eninanc","year":"2023","unstructured":"Eninanc I, Buyukbayraktar ZC. Assessment of correlation between hand-wrist maturation and cervical vertebral maturation: a fractal analysis study. BMC Oral Health. 2023;23:798. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-023-03483-0.","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"2583_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-023-00510-1","volume":"85","author":"M Gonca","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gonca M, Sert MF, Gunacar DN, Kose TE, Beser B. Determination of growth and developmental stages in hand-wrist radiographs: Can fractal analysis in combination with artificial intelligence be used? J Orofac Orthop. 2024;85:1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00056-023-00510-1.","journal-title":"J Orofac Orthop"},{"key":"2583_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053","volume":"310","author":"World Medical Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"World Medical Association. World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA. 2013;310:2191\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2013.281053.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2583_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1016\/s1079-2104(99)70097-1","volume":"88","author":"SC White","year":"1999","unstructured":"White SC, Rudolph DJ. Alterations of the trabecular pattern of the jaws in patients with osteoporosis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1999;88:628\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1079-2104(99)70097-1.","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"2583_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shayani A, Merino-Gerlach MA, Garay-Carrasco IA, Navarro-C\u00e1ceres PE, Sandoval-Vidal HP. Midpalatal suture maturation stage in 10- to 25-year-olds using cone-beam computed tomography-a cross-sectional study. Diagnostics (Basel). 2023;13(8). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics13081449.","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13081449"},{"key":"2583_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S, Sturdivant RX. Applied logistic regression. John Wiley & Sons;2013.","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118548387"},{"key":"2583_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Agresti A. Categorical data analysis. Wiley; 2012.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-04898-2_161"},{"key":"2583_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Menard S. Applied logistic regression analysis. SAGE; 2001.","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412983433"},{"key":"2583_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2529310","volume":"33","author":"JR Landis","year":"1977","unstructured":"Landis JR, Koch GG. The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics. 1977;33:159\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2307\/2529310.","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"2583_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012","volume":"15","author":"TK Koo","year":"2016","unstructured":"Koo TK, Li MY. A Guideline of Selecting and Reporting Intraclass Correlation Coefficients for Reliability Research. J Chiropr Med. 2016;15:155\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcm.2016.02.012.","journal-title":"J Chiropr Med"},{"key":"2583_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.08.027","volume":"143","author":"S Suri","year":"2013","unstructured":"Suri S, Prasad C, Tompson B, Lou W. Longitudinal comparison of skeletal age determined by the Greulich and Pyle method and chronologic age in normally growing children, and clinical interpretations for orthodontics. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2013;143:50\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.08.027.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"2583_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.4103\/jispcd.JISPCD_315_18","volume":"8","author":"HA Hashim","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hashim HA, Mansoor H, Mohamed MHH. Assessment of Skeletal Age Using Hand-Wrist Radiographs following Bjork System. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2018;8:482\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jispcd.JISPCD_315_18.","journal-title":"J Int Soc Prev Community Dent"},{"key":"2583_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1043\/0003-3219(2002)072<0316:AIVOTC>2.0.CO;2","volume":"72","author":"T Baccetti","year":"2002","unstructured":"Baccetti T, Franchi L, McNamara JA Jr. An improved version of the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for the assessment of mandibular growth. Angle Orthod. 2002;72:316\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1043\/0003-3219(2002)072%3C0316:AIVOTC%3E2.0.CO;2.","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"2583_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12443","volume":"24","author":"H Kok","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kok H, Izgi MS, Acilar AM. Determination of growth and development periods in orthodontics with artificial neural network. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2021;24:76\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ocr.12443.","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res"},{"key":"2583_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.03.014","volume":"134","author":"LL Chen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chen LL, Xu TM, Jiang JH, Zhang XZ, Lin JX. Quantitative cervical vertebral maturation assessment in adolescents with normal occlusion: a mixed longitudinal study. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2008;134:e720\u2013727. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.03.014.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"2583_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/24.3.303","volume":"24","author":"SP Roman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Roman SP, Paima JC, Oteo MD, Nevado E. Skeletal maturation determined by cervical vertebrae development. Eur J Orthod. 2002;24:303\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ejo\/24.3.303.","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"2583_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100874","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2024.100874","volume":"22","author":"U Hussain","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hussain U, Ul Hassan F, Kamran MA, Alnazeh AA, Ullah I, Alam S. Inter-observer and intra-observer agreement of cervical vertebral maturation staging: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Orthod. 2024;22:100874. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ortho.2024.100874.","journal-title":"Int Orthod"},{"key":"2583_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2019.07.018","volume":"158","author":"S Akbulut","year":"2020","unstructured":"Akbulut S, Bayrak S, Korkmaz YN. Prediction of rapid palatal expansion success via fractal analysis in hand-wrist radiographs. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop. 2020;158:192\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2019.07.018.","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"2583_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/sj\/dmfr\/4600630","volume":"30","author":"AM Bollen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bollen AM, Taguchi A, Hujoel PP, Hollender LG. Fractal dimension on dental radiographs. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2001;30:270\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj\/dmfr\/4600630.","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"2583_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.51122\/neudentj.2024.85","volume":"6","author":"G Magat","year":"2024","unstructured":"Magat G. Evaluation of the relationship between dental and cervical vertebrae maturation in terms of age determination. NEU Dent J. 2024;6:22\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.51122\/neudentj.2024.85.","journal-title":"NEU Dent J"},{"key":"2583_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e970","DOI":"10.4317\/jced.53819","volume":"9","author":"A Tayebi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tayebi A, Tofangchiha M, Fard MA, Gosili A. The relationship of mandibular radiomorphometric indices to skeletal age, chronological age and skeletal malocclusion type. J Clin Exp Dent. 2017;9:e970\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4317\/jced.53819.","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Dent"},{"key":"2583_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ksujds.2011.10.006","volume":"3","author":"L Baidas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Baidas L. Correlation between cervical vertebrae morphology and chronological age in Saudi adolescents. King Saud Univ J Dent Sci. 2012;3:21\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ksujds.2011.10.006.","journal-title":"King Saud Univ J Dent Sci"},{"key":"2583_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5172","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19095172","volume":"19","author":"A Almalki","year":"2022","unstructured":"Almalki A. Association of salivary IGF and IGF\/IGFBP-3 molar ratio with cervical vertebral maturation stages from pre-adolescent to post-adolescent transition period: A cross-sectional exploratory study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19:5172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph19095172.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2583_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4088","DOI":"10.37506\/ijfmt.v15i3.15934","volume":"15","author":"S Pradopo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pradopo S, Nelwan SC, Dewi AM, Wimarizky A, Permana AN, Ibrahim Z, Yusof AYM. Duration of growth spurt based on cervical vertebrae maturation in Indonesia Population. Indian J Forensic Med Toxicol. 2021;15:4088\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37506\/ijfmt.v15i3.15934.","journal-title":"Indian J Forensic Med Toxicol"},{"key":"2583_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.4103\/njms.NJMS_264_20","volume":"12","author":"SL Verma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Verma SL, Tikku T, Khanna R, Maurya RP, Srivastava K, Singh V. Predictive accuracy of estimating mandibular growth potential by regression equation using cervical vertebral bone age. Natl J Maxillofac Surg. 2021;12:25\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/njms.NJMS_264_20.","journal-title":"Natl J Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"2583_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1007\/s11282-013-0163-z","volume":"30","author":"L Gaalaas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gaalaas L, Henn L, Gaillard PR, Ahmad M, Islam MS. Analysis of trabecular bone using site-specific fractal values calculated from cone beam CT images. Oral Radiol. 2013;30:179\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11282-013-0163-z.","journal-title":"Oral Radiol"},{"key":"2583_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod.2016.46.5.323","volume":"46","author":"KH Kwak","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kwak KH, Kim SS, Kim YI, Kim YD. Quantitative evaluation of midpalatal suture maturation via fractal analysis. Korean J Orthod. 2016;46:323\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4041\/kjod.2016.46.5.323.","journal-title":"Korean J Orthod"},{"key":"2583_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s11282-016-0266-4","volume":"33","author":"D Kang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kang D, Kwak K-H, Kim S-S, Park S-B, Son W-S, Kim Y-I. Application of fractal analysis of the midpalatal suture for estimation of pubertal growth spurts. Oral Radiol. 2017;33:199\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11282-016-0266-4.","journal-title":"Oral Radiol"},{"key":"2583_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.24559","volume":"304","author":"CA Miller","year":"2021","unstructured":"Miller CA, Hwang SJ, Cotter MM, Vorperian HK. Developmental morphology of the cervical vertebrae and the emergence of sexual dimorphism in size and shape: A computed tomography study. Anat Rec (Hoboken). 2021;304:1692\u2013708. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ar.24559.","journal-title":"Anat Rec (Hoboken)"},{"key":"2583_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1111\/joa.12976","volume":"234","author":"CA Miller","year":"2019","unstructured":"Miller CA, Hwang SJ, Cotter MM, Vorperian HK. Cervical vertebral body growth and emergence of sexual dimorphism: a developmental study using computed tomography. J Anat. 2019;234:764\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/joa.12976.","journal-title":"J Anat"}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Imaging"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12880-026-02583-x","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12880-026-02583-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12880-026-02583-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T14:02:40Z","timestamp":1791468160000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12880-026-02583-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2583"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12880-026-02583-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2342"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2342","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendments. The Institutional Review Board and Clinical Ethics Committee of Recep Tayyip Erdo\u011fan University Medicine Faculty approved this retrospective clinical study (decision date and number: 24.04.2024\/78). For participants under 16 years of age, detailed information about this research was provided to their parents or legal guardians before the study, and an informed consent form was obtained. For participants aged 16 and older, informed consent was obtained directly from the individuals themselves.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"507"}}