{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T20:20:27Z","timestamp":1789158027666,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]],"date-time":"2015-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448928000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Nephrol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-015-0199-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,4]],"date-time":"2015-12-04T08:25:19Z","timestamp":1449217519000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Comparison of tripterygium wilfordii multiglycosides and tacrolimus in the treatment of idiopathic membranous nephropathy: a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Shanshan","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiayu","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianghua","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"199_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199307083290203","volume":"329","author":"A Schieppati","year":"1993","unstructured":"Schieppati A, Mosconi L, Perna A, Mecca G, Bertani T, Garattini S, et al. Prognosis of untreated patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy. New Engl J Med. 1993;329(2):85\u20139.","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"199_CR2","first-page":"35","volume":"7","author":"E Honkanen","year":"1992","unstructured":"Honkanen E, Tornroth T, Gronhagen-Riska C. Natural history, clinical course and morphological evolution of membranous nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1992;7 Suppl 1:35\u201341.","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"8","key":"199_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2012.280","volume":"82","author":"J Radhakrishnan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Radhakrishnan J, Cattran DC. The KDIGO practice guideline on glomerulonephritis: reading between the (guide)lines--application to the individual patient. Kidney Int. 2012;82(8):840\u201356.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"6","key":"199_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2007020166","volume":"18","author":"V Jha","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jha V, Ganguli A, Saha TK, Kohli HS, Sud K, Gupta KL, et al. A randomized, controlled trial of steroids and cyclophosphamide in adults with nephrotic syndrome caused by idiopathic membranous nephropathy. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2007;18(6):1899\u2013904.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"5","key":"199_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1995.453","volume":"48","author":"C Ponticelli","year":"1995","unstructured":"Ponticelli C, Zucchelli P, Passerini P, Cesana B, Locatelli F, Pasquali S, et al. A 10-year follow-up of a randomized study with methylprednisolone and chlorambucil in membranous nephropathy. Kidney Int. 1995;48(5):1600\u20134.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"199_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ki.5002215","volume":"71","author":"M Praga","year":"2007","unstructured":"Praga M, Barrio V, Juarez GF, Luno J, Grupo Espanol de Estudio de la Nefropatia M. Tacrolimus monotherapy in membranous nephropathy: a randomized controlled trial. Kidney Int. 2007;71(9):924\u201330.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"3","key":"199_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e3181ca3a7d","volume":"339","author":"M Chen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chen M, Li H, Li XY, Lu FM, Ni ZH, Xu FF, et al. Tacrolimus combined with corticosteroids in treatment of nephrotic idiopathic membranous nephropathy: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Am J Med Sci. 2010;339(3):233\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"199_CR8","first-page":"584","volume":"21","author":"XY Li","year":"2008","unstructured":"Li XY, Lv R, He Q, Li H, Du XY, Lin WQ, et al. Early initiation of tacrolimus or cyclophosphamide therapy for idiopathic membranous nephropathy with severe proteinuria. J Nephrol. 2008;21(4):584\u201391.","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"issue":"4","key":"199_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/17.4.655","volume":"17","author":"A Segarra","year":"2002","unstructured":"Segarra A, Vila J, Pou L, Majo J, Arbos A, Quiles T, et al. Combined therapy of tacrolimus and corticosteroids in cyclosporin-resistant or -dependent idiopathic focal glomerulosclerosis: a preliminary uncontrolled study with prospective follow-up. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2002;17(4):655\u201362.","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"2","key":"199_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-7824(94)00018-R","volume":"51","author":"QS Zhen","year":"1995","unstructured":"Zhen QS, Ye X, Wei ZJ. Recent progress in research on Tripterygium - a male antifertility plant. Contraception. 1995;51(2):121\u20139.","journal-title":"Contraception"},{"issue":"4","key":"199_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e121","DOI":"10.1159\/000083980","volume":"99","author":"Y Wan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wan Y, Gu L, Suzuki K, Karasawa T, Fujioka Y, Han GD, et al. Multi-glycoside of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook f. ameliorates proteinuria and acute mesangial injury induced by anti-Thy1.1 monoclonal antibody. Nephron Exp Nephrol. 2005;99(4):e121\u20139.","journal-title":"Nephron Exp Nephrol"},{"issue":"3","key":"199_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.3109\/10428190109064582","volume":"42","author":"BJ Chen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chen BJ. Triptolide, a novel immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory agent purified from a Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. Leuk Lymphoma. 2001;42(3):253\u201365.","journal-title":"Leuk Lymphoma"},{"key":"199_CR13","first-page":"331","volume":"4","author":"JL Chang","year":"1984","unstructured":"Chang JL, Chang X, Guo J, et al. A preliminary study on the immunosuppressive activity of the polyglycoside preparation of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. Chin J Microbiol Immunol. 1984;4:331\u20134.","journal-title":"Chin J Microbiol Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"199_CR14","first-page":"289","volume":"10","author":"X Tao","year":"1990","unstructured":"Tao X, Sun Y, Zhang N. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with low doses of multi-glycosides of Tripterygium wilfordii. Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi. 1990;10(5):289\u201391. 61\u20132.","journal-title":"Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi"},{"key":"199_CR15","first-page":"460","volume":"6","author":"T Patayino","year":"2001","unstructured":"Patayino T, Brady DM. Natural medicine and nutritional therapy as an alternative treatment in systemic lupus erythematosus. Altern Med Rev. 2001;6:460\u201371.","journal-title":"Altern Med Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"199_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00866356","volume":"8","author":"XY Jiang","year":"1994","unstructured":"Jiang XY. Clinical observations on the use of the Chinese herb Tripterygium-wilfordii hook for the treatment of nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol. 1994;8(3):343\u20134.","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"199_CR17","first-page":"4","volume":"18","author":"ZH Liu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liu ZH, Li SJ, Wu Y, Zuo K, Wang B, Zeng CH, et al. Treatment of membranous nephropathy with tripterygium wilfordii and steroid: a prospective randomized control. J Nephrol Dialy Transplant. 2009;18:4. in Chinese.","journal-title":"J Nephrol Dialy Transplant"},{"issue":"1","key":"199_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810457","volume":"361","author":"LH Beck Jr","year":"2009","unstructured":"Beck Jr LH, Bonegio RG, Lambeau G, Beck DM, Powell DW, Cummins TD, et al. M-type phospholipase A2 receptor as target antigen in idiopathic membranous nephropathy. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(1):11\u201321.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"199_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(99)70138-1","volume":"33","author":"BJ Laluck Jr","year":"1999","unstructured":"Laluck Jr BJ, Cattran DC. Prognosis after a complete remission in adult patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy. Am J Kidney Dis. 1999;33(6):1026\u201332.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"199_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1199","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00873.x","volume":"66","author":"S Troyanov","year":"2004","unstructured":"Troyanov S, Wall CA, Miller JA, Scholey JW, Cattran DC, Toronto Glomerulonephritis Registry G. Idiopathic membranous nephropathy: definition and relevance of a partial remission. Kidney Int. 2004;66(3):1199\u2013205.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"199_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00518.x","volume":"65","author":"H Shiiki","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shiiki H, Saito T, Nishitani Y, Mitarai T, Yorioka N, Yoshimura A, et al. Prognosis and risk factors for idiopathic membranous nephropathy with nephrotic syndrome in Japan. Kidney Int. 2004;65(4):1400\u20137.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"199_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5699(89)90057-1","volume":"10","author":"AW Thomson","year":"1989","unstructured":"Thomson AW. Fk-506 - How Much Potential. Immunol Today. 1989;10(1):6\u20139.","journal-title":"Immunol Today"},{"issue":"4","key":"199_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-2277.2005.00080.x","volume":"18","author":"AG Jardine","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jardine AG. Assessing the relative risk of cardiovascular disease among renal transplant patients receiving tacrolimus or cyclosporine. Transplant Int. 2005;18(4):379\u201384.","journal-title":"Transplant Int"},{"issue":"9","key":"199_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e44330","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044330","volume":"7","author":"G Xie","year":"2012","unstructured":"Xie G, Xu J, Ye C, Chen D, Xu C, Yang L, et al. Immunosuppressive treatment for nephrotic idiopathic membranous nephropathy: a meta-analysis based on Chinese adults. PLoS One. 2012;7(9):e44330.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"4","key":"199_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c223","DOI":"10.1159\/000208990","volume":"111","author":"G Xu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Xu G, Tu W, Jiang D, Xu C. Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F treatment for idiopathic refractory nephrotic syndrome in adults: a meta-analysis. Nephron Clin Pract. 2009;111(4):c223\u20138.","journal-title":"Nephron Clin Pract"},{"issue":"1","key":"199_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2165\/00126839-200304010-00001","volume":"4","author":"D Qiu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Qiu D, Kao PN. Immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of triptolide, the principal active diterpenoid from the Chinese medicinal herb Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. f. Drugs R&D. 2003;4(1):1\u201318.","journal-title":"Drugs R&D"},{"key":"199_CR27","first-page":"212","volume":"2","author":"ZZ Cheng","year":"1985","unstructured":"Cheng ZZ, Lin XQ, Wang LQ. Quantitative measurement of triptolide content in the tablets of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook E. Zi Liao Hui Bian. 1985;2:212\u20133 (in Chinese).","journal-title":"Zi Liao Hui Bian"},{"key":"199_CR28","first-page":"486","volume":"11","author":"XE Guo","year":"1986","unstructured":"Guo XE, Wang XM, Li EJ. Quantitative measurement of triptolide contained in the ethyl acetate extract of tripterygium wilfordii Hook F and its tablets. Zhong Yao Tong Bao. 1986;11:486\u20138 (in Chinese).","journal-title":"Zhong Yao Tong Bao"},{"issue":"19","key":"199_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13443","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.274.19.13443","volume":"274","author":"DM Qiu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Qiu DM, Zhao GH, Aoki Y, Shi LF, Uyei A, Nazarian S, et al. Immunosuppressant PG490 (triptolide) inhibits T-cell interleukin-2 expression at the level of purine-box\/nuclear factor of activated T-cells and NF-kappa B transcriptional activation. J Biol Chem. 1999;274(19):13443\u201350.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"2","key":"199_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2006.02.013","volume":"55","author":"YQ Dai","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dai YQ, Jin DZ, Zhu XZ, Lei DL. Triptolide inhibits COX-2 expression via NF-kappa B pathway in astrocytes. Neurosci Res. 2006;55(2):154\u201360.","journal-title":"Neurosci Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"199_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2004.04.040","volume":"494","author":"YH Kim","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kim YH, Lee SH, Lee JY, Choi SW, Park JW, Kwon TK. Triptolide inhibits murine-inducible nitric oxide synthase expression by down-regulating lipopolysaccharide-induced activity of nuclear factor-kappa B and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase. Eur J Pharmacol. 2004;494(1):1\u20139.","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"199_CR32","first-page":"205","volume":"6","author":"J Yang","year":"1997","unstructured":"Yang J, Chaohong C, Dong L. Triptolide induces growth arrest of human T cells through its apoptotic effect. J Neph rol Dialy Transplant. 1997;6(3):205\u20139 (in Chinese).","journal-title":"J Neph rol Dialy Transplant"},{"issue":"9","key":"199_CR33","first-page":"775","volume":"23","author":"H Li","year":"2002","unstructured":"Li H, Liu ZH, Dai CS, Liu D, Li LS. Triptolide inhibits proinflammatory factor-induced over-expression of class II MHC and B7 molecules in renal tubular epithelial cells. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2002;23(9):775\u201381.","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"issue":"6","key":"199_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2250","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1523-1755.1999.00495.x","volume":"55","author":"N Banu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Banu N, Meyers CM. IFN-gamma and LPS differentially modulate class II MHC and B7-1 expression on murine renal tubular epithelial cells. Kidney Int. 1999;55(6):2250\u201363.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"199_CR35","first-page":"158","volume":"16","author":"WS Qin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Qin WS, Liu ZH. The therapeutic mechanism of Triptolide on podocyte injury in passive Heymann nephritis. Shen Zang Bing Yu Tou Xi Shen Yi Zhi Za Zhi. 2007;16:158\u201361 (In Chinese).","journal-title":"Shen Zang Bing Yu Tou Xi Shen Yi Zhi Za Zhi"},{"key":"199_CR36","first-page":"310","volume":"18","author":"ZH Chen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chen ZH, Liu ZH, Hong YM. Triptolide ameliorates podocyte injury induced by the terminal complement factor C5b-9 in vitro. Shen Zang Bing Yu Tou Xi Shen Yi Zhi Za Zhi. 2009;18:310\u20137 (In Chinese).","journal-title":"Shen Zang Bing Yu Tou Xi Shen Yi Zhi Za Zhi"},{"key":"199_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/S0162-3109(98)00036-8","volume":"40","author":"Y Yang","year":"1998","unstructured":"Yang Y, Liu Z, Tolosa E. Triptolide induces apoptotie death of T lymphocyte. Immunopharmaeology. 1998;40:139\u201349.","journal-title":"Immunopharmaeology"},{"issue":"6","key":"199_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"464","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1573(199909)13:6<464::AID-PTR483>3.0.CO;2-4","volume":"13","author":"MA Chan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Chan MA, Kohlmeier JE, Branden M, Jung M, Benedict SH. Triptolide is more effective in preventing T cell proliferation and interferon-gamma production than is FK506. Phytother Res. 1999;13(6):464\u20137.","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"199_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-857X(05)70118-6","volume":"26","author":"X Tao","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tao X, Lipsky PE. The Chinese anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive herbal remedy Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2000;26(1):29\u201350.","journal-title":"Rheum Dis Clin North Am"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"199_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1142\/S0192415X93000303","volume":"21","author":"JR Chen","year":"1993","unstructured":"Chen JR, Yen JH, Lin CC, Tsai WJ, Liu WJ, Tsai JJ, et al. The effects of Chinese herbs on improving survival and inhibiting anti-ds DNA antibody-production in lupus mice. Am J Chinese Med. 1993;21(3\u20134):257\u201362.","journal-title":"Am J Chinese Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"199_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.1840140123","volume":"14","author":"A Francavilla","year":"1991","unstructured":"Francavilla A, Starzl TE, Barone M, Zeng QH, Porter KA, Zeevi A, et al. Studies on mechanisms of augmentation of liver-regeneration by cyclosporine and FK-506. Hepatology. 1991;14(1):140\u20133.","journal-title":"Hepatology"}],"container-title":["BMC Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12882-015-0199-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12882-015-0199-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12882-015-0199-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,24]],"date-time":"2017-06-24T01:01:19Z","timestamp":1498266079000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/bmcnephrol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12882-015-0199-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]}},"alternative-id":["199"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12882-015-0199-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2369"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2369","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"article-number":"200"}}