{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T20:32:27Z","timestamp":1784752347325,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,17]],"date-time":"2019-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571270400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,17]],"date-time":"2019-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1571270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Nephrol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Heavy metal poisoning can cause debilitating illness if left untreated, and its management in anuric patients poses challenges. Literature with which to guide clinical practice in this area is rather scattered.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We present a case of symptomatic lead and arsenic poisoning from use of Ayurvedic medicine in a 28-year-old man with end-stage kidney disease on chronic hemodialysis. We describe his treatment course with chelating agents and extracorporeal blood purification, and review the relevant literature to provide general guidance.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>\n              <jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Cumulative clinical experience assists in identifying preferred chelators and modalities of extracorporeal blood purification when managing such patients. However, a larger body of real-world or clinical trial evidence is necessary to inform evidence-based guidelines for the management of heavy metal poisoning in anuric patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-019-1561-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,17]],"date-time":"2019-10-17T11:32:48Z","timestamp":1571311968000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Treatment of lead and arsenic poisoning in anuric patients \u2013 a case report and narrative review of the literature"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Chun-Yuan","family":"Hsiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chip","family":"Gresham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0499-4527","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark R.","family":"Marshall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"1561_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.2550070207","volume":"7","author":"E Marafante","year":"1987","unstructured":"Marafante E, Vahter M, Norin H, Envall J, Sandstrom M, Christakopoulos A, Ryhage R. Biotransformation of dimethylarsinic acid in mouse, hamster and man. J Appl Toxicol. 1987;7(2):111\u20137.","journal-title":"J Appl Toxicol"},{"key":"1561_CR2","unstructured":"Abadin H, Ashizawa A, Stevens YW, Llados F, Diamond G, Sage G, Citra M, Quinones A, Bosch SJ, Swarts SG. Toxicological Profile for Lead. Atlanta: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry; 2007:24049859."},{"key":"1561_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Klaassen CD. Heavy metals and heavy-metal antagonists. In: Brunton LL, Lazo JS, Parker KL, editors. Goodman & Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics 11th Ed. United States: McGraw-Hill; 2006. \n                    https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1036\/0071422803\n                    \n                  .","DOI":"10.1036\/0071422803"},{"key":"1561_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pa.23.040183.001205","volume":"23","author":"HV Aposhian","year":"1983","unstructured":"Aposhian HV. DMSA and DMPS--water soluble antidotes for heavy metal poisoning. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol. 1983;23:193\u2013215.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1561_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2745","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph7072745","volume":"7","author":"SJ Flora","year":"2010","unstructured":"Flora SJ, Pachauri V. Chelation in metal intoxication. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2010;7(7):2745\u201388.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"1561_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.3109\/15563659209017937","volume":"30","author":"JJ Chisolm Jr","year":"1992","unstructured":"Chisolm JJ Jr. BAL, EDTA, DMSA and DMPS in the treatment of lead poisoning in children. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1992;30(4):493\u2013504.","journal-title":"J Toxicol Clin Toxicol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1561_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/occmed\/46.1.41","volume":"46","author":"S Porru","year":"1996","unstructured":"Porru S, Alessio L. The use of chelating agents in occupational lead poisoning. Occup Med (Lond). 1996;46(1):41\u20138.","journal-title":"Occup Med (Lond)"},{"issue":"3","key":"1561_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.3109\/15563658008989995","volume":"17","author":"ND Vaziri","year":"1980","unstructured":"Vaziri ND, Upham T, Barton CH. Hemodialysis clearance of arsenic. Clin Toxicol. 1980;17(3):451\u20136.","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1561_CR9","first-page":"111","volume":"9","author":"S Kruszewska","year":"1996","unstructured":"Kruszewska S, Wiese M, Kolacinski Z, Mielczarska J. The use of haemodialysis and 2,3 propanesulphonate (DMPS) to manage acute oral poisoning by lethal dose of arsenic trioxide. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 1996;9(2):111\u20135.","journal-title":"Int J Occup Med Environ Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1561_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01706427","volume":"18","author":"D Mathieu","year":"1992","unstructured":"Mathieu D, Mathieu-Nolf M, Germain-Alonso M, Neviere R, Furon D, Wattel F. Massive arsenic poisoning--effect of hemodialysis and dimercaprol on arsenic kinetics. Intensive Care Med. 1992;18(1):47\u201350.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"1561_CR11","first-page":"400","volume":"37","author":"TH Zilker","year":"1999","unstructured":"Zilker TH, Felgenhauer N, Pfab R, Drasch G, Roos G. Little effect of haemodialysis and CAVHDF on the elimination of arsenic compared to DMPS treatment. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1999;37:400\u20131.","journal-title":"J Toxicol Clin Toxicol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1561_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20510","volume":"33","author":"RM Thomson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Thomson RM, Parry GJ. Neuropathies associated with excessive exposure to lead. Muscle Nerve. 2006;33(6):732\u201341.","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"issue":"1","key":"1561_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/44.1.141","volume":"44","author":"X Zhang","year":"1998","unstructured":"Zhang X, Cornelis R, de Kimpe J, Mees L, Lameire N. Study of arsenic-protein binding in serum of patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Clin Chem. 1998;44(1):141\u20137.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"1561_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-1957","volume":"116","author":"MW Lai","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lai MW, Boyer EW, Kleinman ME, Rodig NM, Ewald MB. Acute arsenic poisoning in two siblings. Pediatrics. 2005;116(1):249\u201357.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"1561_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1039\/a704841f","volume":"123","author":"X Zhang","year":"1998","unstructured":"Zhang X, Cornelis R, Mees L, Vanholder R, Lameire N. Chemical speciation of arsenic in serum of uraemic patients. Analyst. 1998;123(1):13\u20137.","journal-title":"Analyst"},{"issue":"1-3","key":"1561_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/0300-483X(95)02965-B","volume":"97","author":"HV Aposhian","year":"1995","unstructured":"Aposhian HV, Maiorino RM, Gonzalez-Ramirez D, Zuniga-Charles M, Xu Z, Hurlbut KM, Junco-Munoz P, Dart RC, Aposhian MM. Mobilization of heavy metals by newer, therapeutically useful chelating agents. Toxicology. 1995;97(1-3):23\u201338.","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"issue":"6","key":"1561_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.1986.245","volume":"40","author":"J Osterloh","year":"1986","unstructured":"Osterloh J, Becker CE. Pharmacokinetics of CaNa2EDTA and chelation of lead in renal failure. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1986;40(6):686\u201393.","journal-title":"Clin Pharmacol Ther"},{"issue":"9","key":"1561_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1093\/milmed\/154.9.444","volume":"154","author":"JA Tillotson","year":"1989","unstructured":"Tillotson JA, Boswell G, Kincannon L, Speckman CL. The biological fate of 14C-dimercaptosuccinic acid in monkeys and rabbits. Mil Med. 1989;154(9):444\u20139.","journal-title":"Mil Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1561_CR19","first-page":"375","volume":"277","author":"RM Maiorino","year":"1996","unstructured":"Maiorino RM, Xu ZF, Aposhian HV. Determination and metabolism of dithiol chelating agents. XVII. In humans, sodium 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonate is bound to plasma albumin via mixed disulfide formation and is found in the urine as cyclic polymeric disulfides. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1996;277(1):375\u201384.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"1561_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1986.sp016069","volume":"374","author":"MM Babiker","year":"1986","unstructured":"Babiker MM. Binding of [51Cr] ethylenediaminetetraacetate to proteins of human plasma. J Physiol. 1986;374:117\u201322.","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1561_CR21","first-page":"570","volume":"254","author":"RM Maiorino","year":"1990","unstructured":"Maiorino RM, Akins JM, Blaha K, Carter DE, Aposhian HV. Determination and metabolism of dithiol chelating agents: X. in humans, meso-2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid is bound to plasma proteins via mixed disulfide formation. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1990;254(2):570\u20137.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"key":"1561_CR22","unstructured":"Howland MA. Antidotes in Depth - Dimercaprol (British Anti-Lewisite or BAL). In: Flomenbaum NE, Goldfrank LR, Hoffman RS, Howland MA, Lewin NA, Nelson LS, editors. Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, 8th Ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Education - Europe; 2006. p. 1266\u20138. \n                    https:\/\/www.bookdepository.com\/Goldfranks-Toxicologic-Emergencies-Eighth-Edition-Lewis-R-Goldfrank\/9780071437639\n                    \n                  ."},{"issue":"15","key":"1561_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1391","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612023394485","volume":"8","author":"M de Graaf","year":"2002","unstructured":"de Graaf M, Boven E, Scheeren HW, Haisma HJ, Pinedo HM. Beta-glucuronidase-mediated drug release. Curr Pharm Des. 2002;8(15):1391\u2013403.","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"issue":"11","key":"1561_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1976.03630110065017","volume":"136","author":"A Giberson","year":"1976","unstructured":"Giberson A, Vaziri ND, Mirahamadi K, Rosen SM. Hemodialysis of acute arsenic intoxication with transient renal failure. Arch Intern Med. 1976;136(11):1303\u20134.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1561_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1007\/s001340000770","volume":"27","author":"D Blythe","year":"2001","unstructured":"Blythe D, Joyce DA. Clearance of arsenic by haemodialysis after acute poisoning with arsenic trioxide. Intensive Care Med. 2001;27(1):334.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1561_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.3109\/08860228109076031","volume":"5","author":"SB Smith","year":"1981","unstructured":"Smith SB, Wombolt DG, Venkatesan R. Results of hemodialysis & hemoperfusion in the treatment of acute arsenic ingestion. Clin Exp Dial Apheresis. 1981;5(4):399\u2013404.","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dial Apheresis"},{"issue":"6","key":"1561_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(87)80076-8","volume":"16","author":"JK Levin-Scherz","year":"1987","unstructured":"Levin-Scherz JK, Patrick JD, Weber FH, Garabedian C Jr. Acute arsenic ingestion. Ann Emerg Med. 1987;16(6):702\u20134.","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1561_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-6757(88)90101-5","volume":"6","author":"FM Fesmire","year":"1988","unstructured":"Fesmire FM, Schauben JL, Roberge RJ. Survival following massive arsenic ingestion. Am J Emerg Med. 1988;6(6):602\u20136.","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1561_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1081\/CLT-120018263","volume":"41","author":"P Hantson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hantson P, Haufroid V, Buchet JP, Mahieu P. Acute arsenic poisoning treated by intravenous dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) and combined extrarenal epuration techniques. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2003;41(1):1\u20136.","journal-title":"J Toxicol Clin Toxicol"},{"key":"1561_CR30","unstructured":"Adam B. DMPS und Dimercaprol in der Therapie der akuten Arsenintoxikation. In: Dissertation. Germany: Technical University of Munich; 2004. \n                    https:\/\/mediatum.ub.tum.de\/doc\/602356\/602356.pdf\n                    \n                  ."},{"issue":"2 Pt 2","key":"1561_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S58","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-0590(84)90138-6","volume":"4","author":"HV Aposhian","year":"1984","unstructured":"Aposhian HV, Carter DE, Hoover TD, Hsu CA, Maiorino RM, Stine E. DMSA, DMPS, and DMPA--as arsenic antidotes. Fundam Appl Toxicol. 1984;4(2 Pt 2):S58\u201370.","journal-title":"Fundam Appl Toxicol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1561_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.3109\/15563659809162616","volume":"36","author":"DN Guha Mazumder","year":"1998","unstructured":"Guha Mazumder DN, Ghoshal UC, Saha J, Santra A, De BK, Chatterjee A, Dutta S, Angle CR, Centeno JA. Randomized placebo-controlled trial of 2,3-dimercaptosuccinic acid in therapy of chronic arsenicosis due to drinking arsenic-contaminated subsoil water. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 1998;36(7):683\u201390.","journal-title":"J Toxicol Clin Toxicol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1561_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650903174828","volume":"47","author":"S Bradberry","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bradberry S, Vale A. Dimercaptosuccinic acid (succimer; DMSA) in inorganic lead poisoning. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2009;47(7):617\u201331.","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol (Phila)"},{"issue":"10","key":"1561_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2008.462","volume":"74","author":"WJ Holubek","year":"2008","unstructured":"Holubek WJ, Hoffman RS, Goldfarb DS, Nelson LS. Use of hemodialysis and hemoperfusion in poisoned patients. Kidney Int. 2008;74(10):1327\u201334.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"1561_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2006.04.080","volume":"48","author":"AS Shalkham","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shalkham AS, Kirrane BM, Hoffman RS, Goldfarb DS, Nelson LS. The availability and use of charcoal hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoned patients. Am J Kidney Dis. 2006;48(2):239\u201341.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"1561_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1989.tb00658.x","volume":"64","author":"FZ Sheabar","year":"1989","unstructured":"Sheabar FZ, Yannai S, Taitelman U. Efficiency of arsenic clearance from human blood in vitro and from dogs in vivo by extracorporeal complexing haemodialysis. Pharmacol Toxicol. 1989;64(4):329\u201333.","journal-title":"Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"1561_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.1965.02090020324011","volume":"109","author":"HD Smith","year":"1965","unstructured":"Smith HD, King LR, Margolin EG. Treatment of Lead Encephalopathy. The Combined Use of Edetate and Hemodialysis. Am J Dis Child. 1965;109:322\u20134.","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"issue":"12","key":"1561_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1967.03130120080028","volume":"201","author":"H Mehbod","year":"1967","unstructured":"Mehbod H. Treatment of lead intoxication. Combined use of peritoneal dialysis and edetate calcium disodium. JAMA. 1967;201(12):972\u20134.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"1561_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.3109\/00365597809179991","volume":"12","author":"RS Pedersen","year":"1978","unstructured":"Pedersen RS. Lead poisoning treated with haemodialysis. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 1978;12(2):189\u201390.","journal-title":"Scand J Urol Nephrol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1561_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.1990.tb00430.x","volume":"20","author":"SD Roger","year":"1990","unstructured":"Roger SD, Crimmins D, Yiannikas C, Harris DC. Lead intoxication in an anuric patient: management by intraperitoneal EDTA. Aust NZ J Med. 1990;20(6):814\u20137.","journal-title":"Aust NZ J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"1561_CR41","first-page":"1648","volume":"10","author":"M Kessler","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kessler M, Durand PY, Hestin D, Cao Huu T, Renoult E, Prenat E, Chanliau J, Kaminski P, Duc M. Elevated body lead burden from drinking water in end-stage chronic renal failure. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1995;10(9):1648\u201353.","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"11","key":"1561_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2731","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/14.11.2731","volume":"14","author":"M Kessler","year":"1999","unstructured":"Kessler M, Durand PY, Huu TC, Royer-Morot MJ, Chanliau J, Netter P, Duc M. Mobilization of lead from bone in end-stage renal failure patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 1999;14(11):2731\u20133.","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"5","key":"1561_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(00)70271-X","volume":"35","author":"MS Barats","year":"2000","unstructured":"Barats MS, Gonick HC, Rothenberg S, Balabanian M, Manton WI. Severe lead-induced peripheral neuropathy in a dialysis patient. Am J Kidney Dis. 2000;35(5):963\u20138.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1561_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1177\/0091270010393345","volume":"52","author":"DM Roberts","year":"2012","unstructured":"Roberts DM, Singer RF. Lead mobilization study and the clearance of intravenous CaNa2EDTA in a patient with end-stage renal failure on hemodialysis. J Clin Pharmacol. 2012;52(1):110\u20133.","journal-title":"J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1561_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.3109\/15563657008990125","volume":"3","author":"JJ Chisolm Jr","year":"1970","unstructured":"Chisolm JJ Jr. Treatment of acute lead intoxication--choice of chelating agents and supportive therapeutic measures. Clin Toxicol. 1970;3(4):527\u201340.","journal-title":"Clin Toxicol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1561_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.52.1.13","volume":"52","author":"BK Lee","year":"1995","unstructured":"Lee BK, Schwartz BS, Stewart W, Ahn KD. Provocative chelation with DMSA and EDTA: evidence for differential access to lead storage sites. Occup Environ Med. 1995;52(1):13\u20139.","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"1561_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1021\/tx00041a001","volume":"7","author":"SK Tandon","year":"1994","unstructured":"Tandon SK, Singh S, Jain VK. Efficacy of combined chelation in lead intoxication. Chem Res Toxicol. 1994;7(5):585\u20139.","journal-title":"Chem Res Toxicol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1561_CR48","first-page":"317","volume":"2","author":"K Hruby","year":"1987","unstructured":"Hruby K, Donner A. 2,3-Dimercapto-1-propanesulphonate in heavy metal poisoning. Med Toxicol Adverse Drug Exp. 1987;2(5):317\u201323.","journal-title":"Med Toxicol Adverse Drug Exp"},{"issue":"3","key":"1561_CR49","first-page":"665","volume":"235","author":"JJ Chisolm Jr","year":"1985","unstructured":"Chisolm JJ Jr, Thomas DJ. Use of 2,3-dimercaptopropane-1-sulfonate in treatment of lead poisoning in children. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1985;235(3):665\u20139.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"issue":"9","key":"1561_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.57.9.1133","volume":"57","author":"DF Moore","year":"1994","unstructured":"Moore DF, O'Callaghan CA, Berlyne G, Ogg CS, Davies HA, House IM, Henry JA. Acute arsenic poisoning: absence of polyneuropathy after treatment with 2,3-dimercaptopropanesulphonate (DMPS). J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1994;57(9):1133\u20135.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"1561_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1081\/CLT-100102391","volume":"38","author":"PM Wax","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wax PM, Thornton CA. Recovery from severe arsenic-induced peripheral neuropathy with 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulphonic acid. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2000;38(7):777\u201380.","journal-title":"J Toxicol Clin Toxicol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1561_CR52","first-page":"192","volume":"282","author":"HV Aposhian","year":"1997","unstructured":"Aposhian HV, Arroyo A, Cebrian ME, del Razo LM, Hurlbut KM, Dart RC, Gonzalez-Ramirez D, Kreppel H, Speisky H, Smith A, et al. DMPS-arsenic challenge test. I: increased urinary excretion of monomethylarsonic acid in humans given dimercaptopropane sulfonate. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1997;282(1):192\u2013200.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"issue":"7","key":"1561_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1081\/CLT-100108507","volume":"39","author":"DN Guha Mazumder","year":"2001","unstructured":"Guha Mazumder DN, De BK, Santra A, Ghosh N, Das S, Lahiri S, Das T. Randomized placebo-controlled trial of 2,3-dimercapto-1-propanesulfonate (DMPS) in therapy of chronic arsenicosis due to drinking arsenic-contaminated water. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol. 2001;39(7):665\u201374.","journal-title":"J Toxicol Clin Toxicol"}],"container-title":["BMC Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12882-019-1561-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12882-019-1561-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12882-019-1561-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,15]],"date-time":"2020-10-15T23:20:41Z","timestamp":1602804041000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcnephrol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12882-019-1561-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,17]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1561"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12882-019-1561-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2369"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2369","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,10,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 July 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 September 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 October 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The research committee of Middlemore Hospital (FWA00021560) approved this research, and the need for ethics approval was waived by the Northern A HDEC (IRB00008714) of the Ministry of Health (IORG0000895) ().","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this Case Report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor of this journal.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"MRM is employed by Baxter Healthcare as the Director Medical Affairs, Asia-Pacific (Renal). MRM is also a member of the Editorial Board Member of BMC Nephrology. The other authors have no actual or potential conflicts to declare.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"374"}}