{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:22:22Z","timestamp":1785543742510,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]],"date-time":"2021-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]],"date-time":"2021-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004047","name":"Karolinska Institute","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Nephrol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Chronic kidney disease has been linked to cardiovascular disease and specifically ischemic heart disease (IHD), but large-scale population data in patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) are missing.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>To examine absolute and relative risks for IHD in patients with IgAN.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Population-based register-based cohort study in Sweden. We identified 3945 patients with biopsy-verified IgAN, and 19,272 age- and sex-matched reference individuals from the general population. To reduce residual confounding from genetic factors and early environmental factors we carried out secondary analyses, where we compared 3039 IgAN patients with 6729 siblings, whereas a spousal analysis consisted of 2377 married couples where one of the spouses had IgAN. Data on IHD and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) were retrieved from the nationwide Patient Register. Cox regression estimated hazard ratios (HRs) adjusted for matching variables, education, country of birth, cancer, diabetes mellitus, and other systemic inflammatory diseases.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>During a follow-up of 55,527 person-years (py; mean follow-up 14.1\u2009years), 371 patients (9.4%) with IgAN developed IHD (6.7\/1000 py), compared with 1070 (5.6%) in 287,677 py in reference individuals (3.7\/1000 py). The corresponding adjusted HR was 1.86 (95%CI\u2009=\u20091.63\u20132.13), equivalent to one extra case of IHD per 34 IgAN patients followed-up for 10 years. HRs were similar in men and women with IgAN, but higher in the first year after diagnosis and in patients born outside the Nordic countries. Patients with IgAN were at increased risk of IHD also compared to siblings (HR\u2009=\u20092.07; 95%CI\u2009=\u20091.62\u20132-64) and spouses (HR\u2009=\u20091.91; 95%CI\u2009=\u20091.40\u20132.61).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In this nationwide population-based study, patients with IgAN were at an 86% increased risk of future IHD.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-021-02353-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]],"date-time":"2021-05-05T13:03:06Z","timestamp":1620219786000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Immunoglobulin A nephropathy and ischemic heart disease: a nationwide population-based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Simon","family":"Jarrick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sigrid","family":"Lundberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Sundstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adina","family":"Symreng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Warnqvist","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas F.","family":"Ludvigsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"2353_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00834.x","volume":"66","author":"P Simon","year":"2004","unstructured":"Simon P, Ramee M-P, Boulahrouz R, Stanescu C, Charasse C, Seng Ang K, et al. Epidemiologic data of primary glomerular diseases in western France. Kidney Int. 2004;66(3):905\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00834.x.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"2353_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfq665","volume":"26","author":"A McGrogan","year":"2011","unstructured":"McGrogan A, Franssen CF, de Vries CS. The incidence of primary glomerulonephritis worldwide: a systematic review of the literature. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2011;26(2):414\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfq665.","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"2","key":"2353_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfp620","volume":"25","author":"F Pesce","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pesce F, Schena FP. Worldwide distribution of glomerular diseases: the role of renal biopsy registries. Nephrol Dialysis Transpl. 2010;25(2):334\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfp620.","journal-title":"Nephrol Dialysis Transpl"},{"issue":"6","key":"2353_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1418","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.09741110","volume":"6","author":"AK Bello","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bello AK, Hemmelgarn B, Lloyd A, James MT, Manns BJ, Klarenbach S, et al. Alberta kidney dis N: associations among estimated glomerular filtration rate, proteinuria, and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2011;6(6):1418\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.09741110.","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"13","key":"2353_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1296","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa041031","volume":"351","author":"AS Go","year":"2004","unstructured":"Go AS, Chertow GM, Fan DJ, McCulloch CE, Hsu CY. Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events, and hospitalization. N Engl J Med. 2004;351(13):1296\u2013305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa041031.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"2353_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2010.536","volume":"79","author":"M van der Velde","year":"2011","unstructured":"van der Velde M, Matsushita K, Coresh J, Astor BC, Woodward M, Levey AS, et al. Chronic kidney dis P: lower estimated glomerular filtration rate and higher albuminuria are associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. A collaborative meta-analysis of high-risk population cohorts. Kidney Int. 2011;79(12):1341\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.2010.536.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"2353_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1159\/000489962","volume":"48","author":"B Zhu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhu B, Yu DR, Lv JC, Lin Y, Li Q, Yin JZ, et al. Uric acid as a predictor of immunoglobulin a nephropathy progression: a cohort study of 1965 cases. Am J Nephrol. 2018;48(2):127\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000489962.","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2353_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2420","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfi067","volume":"20","author":"CL Nelson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nelson CL, Karschimkus CS, Dragicevic G, Packham DK, Wilson AM, O'Neal D, et al. Systemic and vascular inflammation is elevated in early IgA and type 1 diabetic nephropathies and relates to vascular disease risk factors and renal function. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2005;20(11):2420\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfi067.","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"3","key":"2353_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1177\/1470320313510586","volume":"16","author":"A Abdi-Ali","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abdi-Ali A, Mann MC, Hemmelgarn BR, MacRae JM, Turin TC, Benediktsson H, et al. IgA nephropathy with early kidney disease is associated with increased arterial stiffness and renin-angiotensin system activity. J Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Syst. 2015;16(3):521\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1470320313510586.","journal-title":"J Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Syst"},{"issue":"7","key":"2353_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1876","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfl062","volume":"21","author":"J Myllymaki","year":"2006","unstructured":"Myllymaki J, Syrjanen J, Helin H, Pasternack A, Kattainen A, Mustonen J. Vascular diseases and their risk factors in IgA nephropathy. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2006;21(7):1876\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfl062.","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"issue":"5","key":"2353_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2018101017","volume":"30","author":"S Jarrick","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jarrick S, Lundberg S, Welander A, Carrero JJ, Hoijer J, Bottai M, et al. Mortality in IgA nephropathy: a Nationwide population-based cohort study. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2019;30(5):866\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2018101017.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2353_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-009-9350-y","volume":"24","author":"JF Ludvigsson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ludvigsson JF, Otterblad-Olausson P, Pettersson BU, Ekbom A. The Swedish personal identity number: possibilities and pitfalls in healthcare and medical research. Eur J Epidemiol. 2009;24(11):659\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10654-009-9350-y.","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2353_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-016-0117-y","volume":"31","author":"JF Ludvigsson","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ludvigsson JF, Almqvist C, Bonamy AK, Ljung R, Michaelsson K, Neovius M, et al. Registers of the Swedish total population and their use in medical research. Eur J Epidemiol. 2016;31(2):125\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10654-016-0117-y.","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2353_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-450","volume":"11","author":"JF Ludvigsson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ludvigsson JF, Andersson E, Ekbom A, Feychting M, Kim JL, Reuterwall C, et al. External review and validation of the Swedish national inpatient register. BMC Public Health. 2011;11(1):450. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2458-11-450.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"9","key":"2353_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-017-0316-1","volume":"32","author":"HL Brooke","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brooke HL, Talback M, Hornblad J, Johansson LA, Ludvigsson JF, Druid H, et al. The Swedish cause of death register. Eur J Epidemiol. 2017;32(9):765\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10654-017-0316-1.","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"2353_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1294","volume":"16","author":"B Wettermark","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wettermark B, Hammar N, Fored CM, Leimanis A, Otterblad Olausson P, Bergman U, et al. The new Swedish prescribed drug register--opportunities for pharmacoepidemiological research and experience from the first six months. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2007;16(7):726\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pds.1294.","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"2353_CR17","unstructured":"SNOMED CT [https:\/\/browser.ihtsdotools.org\/index-ie.html?perspective=full&conceptId1=404684003&edition=se-edition&release=v20190531&server=https:\/\/prod-browser-exten.ihtsdotools.org\/api\/snomed\/&langRefset=46011000052107]."},{"key":"2353_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Welander A, Sundelin B, Fored M, Ludvigsson JF. Increased risk of IGA Nephropathy among individuals with celiac disease. J Clin Gastroenterol. 2013:678\u201383.","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0b013e318284792e"},{"key":"2353_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S118730","volume":"9","author":"S Jarrick","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jarrick S, Lundberg S, Welander A, Fored CM, Ludvigsson JF. Clinical validation of immunoglobulin a nephropathy diagnosis in Swedish biopsy registers. Clin Epidemiol. 2017;9:67\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/CLEP.S118730.","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2353_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.22237\/jmasm\/1114906200","volume":"4","author":"I Persson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Persson I, Khamis H. Bias of the cox model hazard ratio. J Mod Appl Stat Methods. 2005;4(1):90\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22237\/jmasm\/1114906200.","journal-title":"J Mod Appl Stat Methods"},{"key":"2353_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.2147\/CLEP.S90589","volume":"7","author":"JF Ludvigsson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ludvigsson JF, Haberg SE, Knudsen GP, Lafolie P, Zoega H, Sarkkola C, et al. Ethical aspects of registry-based research in the Nordic countries. Clin Epidemiol. 2015;7:491\u2013508. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/CLEP.S90589.","journal-title":"Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2353_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1159\/000326802","volume":"34","author":"I Kesoi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kesoi I, Sagi B, Toth OI, Vas T, Fazekas A, Kovacs T, et al. Different effect of IgA nephropathy and polycystic kidney disease on arterial stiffness. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2011;34(3):158\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000326802.","journal-title":"Kidney Blood Press Res"},{"issue":"22","key":"2353_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2349","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.16817","volume":"308","author":"SI Hallan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hallan SI, Matsushita K, Sang Y, Mahmoodi BK, Black C, Ishani A, et al. Age and association of kidney measures with mortality and end-stage renal disease. JAMA. 2012;308(22):2349\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2012.16817.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"2353_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.3109\/00365599.2011.644635","volume":"46","author":"S Lundberg","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lundberg S, Gunnarsson I, Jacobson SH. Impact of the apolipoprotein B\/apolipoprotein A-I ratio on renal outcome in immunoglobulin a nephropathy. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 2012;46(2):148\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00365599.2011.644635.","journal-title":"Scand J Urol Nephrol"}],"container-title":["BMC Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12882-021-02353-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12882-021-02353-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12882-021-02353-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]],"date-time":"2021-05-05T13:03:09Z","timestamp":1620219789000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcnephrol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12882-021-02353-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2353"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12882-021-02353-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2369"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2369","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 October 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 April 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 May 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This project (2013\/2095\u201331\/2) was approved by the Ethics Review Board in Stockholm, Sweden on January 22, 2014. Because this was a strictly register-based study, informed consent was waivered by the Board.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"None.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"165"}}