{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T21:12:11Z","timestamp":1791493931089,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]],"date-time":"2021-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624924800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]],"date-time":"2021-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1624924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Nephrol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequently encountered clinical condition in critically ill patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. In our resource-limited setting (RLS), the most common cause of AKI is sepsis and volume depletion. Sepsis alone, accounts for up to 62\u2009% of the AKI cases in HIV-positive patients.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The major goal of this study was to determine the incidence and risk predictors of AKI among HIV-infected patients admitted with sepsis at a tertiary hospital in Uganda.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>In a prospective cohort study, we enrolled adult patients presenting with sepsis at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH) in southwestern Uganda between March and July 2020. Sepsis was determined using the qSOFA criteria. Patients presenting with CKD or AKI were excluded. Sociodemographic characteristics, physical examination findings, and baseline laboratory values were recorded in a data collection tool. The serum creatinine and urea were done at admission (0-hour) and at the 48-hour mark to determine the presence of AKI. We performed crude and multivariable binomial regression to establish the factors that predicted developing AKI in the first 48\u00a0h of admission. Variables with a p\u2009&lt;\u20090.01 in the adjusted analysis were considered as significant predictors of AKI.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Out of 384 patients screened, 73 (19\u2009%) met our inclusion criteria. Their median age was 38 (IQR 29\u201346) years and 44 (60.3\u2009%) were male. The median CD4 T-cell count was 67 (IQR 35\u2013200) cells, median MUAC was 23 (IQR 21\u201327) cm and 54 (74.0\u2009%) participants were on a regimen containing Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF). The incidence of AKI in 48\u00a0h was 19.2\u2009% and in the adjusted analysis, thrombocytopenia (Platelet count\u2009&lt;\u2009150) (adjusted risk ratio 8.21: 95\u2009% CI: 2.0\u201333.8, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004) was an independent predictor of AKI.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>There is a high incidence of AKI among HIV-positive patients admitted with sepsis in Uganda. Thrombocytopenia at admission may be a significant risk factor for developing AKI. The association of thrombocytopenia in sepsis and AKI needs to be investigated.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-021-02451-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]],"date-time":"2021-06-29T16:02:51Z","timestamp":1624982571000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Incidence and risk predictors of acute kidney injury among HIV-positive patients presenting with sepsis in a low resource setting"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Davis","family":"Kimweri","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Ategeka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faustine","family":"Ceasor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Winnie","family":"Muyindike","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edwin","family":"Nuwagira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rose","family":"Muhindo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2451_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bagasha P, Nakwagala F, Kwizera A, Ssekasanvu E, Kalyesubula RJBn. Acute kidney injury among adult patients with sepsis in a low-income country: clinical patterns and short-term outcomes. 2015;16(1):1\u20137.","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2369-16-4"},{"key":"2451_CR2","unstructured":"Vachiat AI. Outcome of HIV positive patients presenting with renal failure at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital 2013."},{"issue":"4","key":"2451_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2005.00232.x","volume":"67","author":"N Franceschini","year":"2005","unstructured":"Franceschini N, Napravnik S, Eron JJ, Szczech LA, Finn WF. Incidence and etiology of acute renal failure among ambulatory HIV-infected patients. 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We confirm that all eligible participants or their caregivers provided informed consent to participate in this study. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"238"}}