{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T05:06:17Z","timestamp":1792386377878,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]],"date-time":"2021-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630972800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]],"date-time":"2021-09-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630972800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Nephrol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thymomas have been associated with a broad spectrum of autoimmune diseases. Minimal change disease (MCD) is the most frequent pathological lesion reported. Pathophysiological mechanisms involved in secondary MCD, and linking MCD to thymoma are not yet fully explained, although the hypothesis of T cell dysfunction has been suggested. The fundamental therapeutic principles are steroids and surgical treatment of thymoma, but failures and relapses often require immunosuppressant combinations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A 62-year-old female was admitted in our unit for a nephrotic syndrome associated with a thymoma. The diagnosis of thymoma associated MCD was confirmed by kidney biopsy. After surgical resection of the thymoma and steroid therapy, no remission was observed. Immunosuppressive therapy was then intensified with introduction of rituximab. Here, we report a steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome secondary to MCD associated thymoma, which achieved complete remission after rituximab therapy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the use and efficacy of rituximab therapy in this pathology.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our case report suggests that primary and secondary MCD may share similar pathophysiological mechanisms. It does not allow us to draw any conclusions about the mechanism of action of rituximab, but we believe this report argues for the safety and efficacy of rituximab use in thymoma-associated MCD, and therefore constitutes a rationale for future studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-021-02479-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]],"date-time":"2021-09-07T15:02:21Z","timestamp":1631026941000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Efficacy of rituximab in thymoma associated minimal change disease: case report"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Zhour","family":"El Ouafi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clovis","family":"Mugnier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Jeannet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00e9ment","family":"Danthu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marion","family":"Duval","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Val\u00e8re","family":"Belle Mbou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fatouma","family":"Tour\u00e9","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"2479_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2280","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.1999.17.7.2280","volume":"17","author":"CR Thomas","year":"1999","unstructured":"Thomas CR, Wright CD, Loehrer PJ. Thymoma: state of the art. J Clin Oncol. 1999;17(7):2280\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1200\/JCO.1999.17.7.2280.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2479_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1075","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfh615","volume":"20","author":"A Karras","year":"2005","unstructured":"Karras A, de Montpreville V, Fakhouri F, Gr\u00fcnfeld JP, Lesavre P. Renal and thymic pathology in thymoma-associated nephropathy: report of 21 cases and review of the literature. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2005;20(6):1075\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfh615.","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transplant"},{"key":"2479_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)60541-9","volume":"384","author":"K Iijima","year":"2014","unstructured":"Iijima K, Sako M, Nozu K, Mori R, Tuchida N, Kamei K, et al. 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J Neuroimmunol. 2019;336:577028. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2019.577028.","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2479_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2012.444","volume":"83","author":"H Munyentwali","year":"2013","unstructured":"Munyentwali H, Bouachi K, Audard V, Remy P, Lang P, Mojaat R, et al. Rituximab is an efficient and safe treatment in adults with steroid-dependent minimal change disease. Kidney Int. 2013;83(3):511\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.2012.444.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"2479_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013030251","volume":"25","author":"P Ruggenenti","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ruggenenti P, Ruggiero B, Cravedi P, Vivarelli M, Massella L, Maras\u00e0 M, et al. Rituximab in steroid-dependent or frequently relapsing idiopathic nephrotic syndrome. 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Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2016;11(4):710\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.08500815.","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"}],"container-title":["BMC Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12882-021-02479-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12882-021-02479-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12882-021-02479-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]],"date-time":"2021-09-07T15:07:01Z","timestamp":1631027221000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcnephrol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12882-021-02479-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2479"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12882-021-02479-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2369"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2369","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 March 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 July 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 September 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of hospital University of Limoges.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of this case report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor of this journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflict of interest to disclose.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"303"}}