{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T22:42:26Z","timestamp":1773960146887,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]],"date-time":"2021-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628553600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]],"date-time":"2021-08-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1628553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi","award":["2019L0661"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019L0661"]}]},{"name":"the Scientific and Technological Innovation Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi","award":["2019L0681"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019L0681"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012269","name":"science and technology innovative research team in higher educational institutions of hunan province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020L0394"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020L0394"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Nephrol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Horseshoe kidney (HSK) is a common congenital defect of the urinary system. The most common complications are urinary tract infection, urinary stones, and hydronephrosis. HSK can be combined with glomerular diseases, but the diagnosis rate of renal biopsy is low due to structural abnormalities. There are only a few reports on HSK with glomerular disease. Here, we have reported a case of PLA2R-positive membranous nephropathy occurring in a patient with HSK.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>After admission to the hospital due to oedema of both the lower extremities, the patient was diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome due to abnormal 24-h urine protein (7540\u2009mg) and blood albumin (25\u2009g\/L) levels. Abdominal ultrasonography revealed HSK. The patient\u2019s brother had a history of end-stage renal disease due to nephrotic syndrome. Therefore, the patient was diagnosed with PLA2R-positive stage II membranous nephropathy through renal biopsy under abdominal ultrasonography guidance. He was administered adequate prednisone and cyclophosphamide, and after 6\u2009months of treatment, urinary protein excretion levels significantly decreased.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The risk and difficulty of renal biopsy in patients with HSK are increased due to structural abnormalities; however, renal biopsy can be accomplished through precise positioning with abdominal ultrasonography. In the literature, 20 cases of HSK with glomerular disease have been reported thus far. Because of the small number of cases, estimating the incidence rate of glomerular diseases in HSK is impossible, and the correlation between HSK and renal pathology cannot be stated. Further studies should be conducted and cases should be accumulated to elucidate this phenomenon.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-021-02488-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]],"date-time":"2021-08-10T10:04:04Z","timestamp":1628589844000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Horseshoe kidney with PLA2R-positive membranous nephropathy"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Shuai-Shuai","family":"Shi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xian-Zu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Ye","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui-Dan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen-Feng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen-Bin","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiao-Lei","family":"Huo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7400-7991","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi-Qiang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2488_CR1","first-page":"e7","volume":"8","author":"M Muttarak","year":"2012","unstructured":"Muttarak M, Sriburi T. Congenital renal anomalies detected in adulthood. Biomed Imaging Interv J. 2012;8(1):e7.","journal-title":"Biomed Imaging Interv J"},{"issue":"2","key":"2488_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2008.07912.x","volume":"103","author":"B Glodny","year":"2009","unstructured":"Glodny B, Petersen J, Hofmann KJ, Schenk C, Herwig R, Trieb T, et al. Kidney fusion anomalies revisited: clinical and radiological analysis of 209 cases of crossed fused ectopia and horseshoe kidney. BJU Int. 2009;103(2):224\u201335.","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"issue":"10","key":"2488_CR3","first-page":"343","volume":"66","author":"M Hashimura","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hashimura M. Oyama N: [horseshoe kidney associated with ejaculation disorder after laparoscopic Heminephrectomy : a case report]. 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Patient was asked to sign an informed consent statement for the consent study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent for publication was obtained from all participants. Copy of the consent form is available for review and can be provided on request.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"277"}}