{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T06:08:05Z","timestamp":1790662085119,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]],"date-time":"2022-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649894400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]],"date-time":"2022-04-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649894400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Nephrol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Little data exists on the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the Russian population. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of CKD in a population-based study in Russia, compare with a similar study in Norway, and investigate whether differences in risk factors explained between-study differences in CKD.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We compared age- and sex-standardised prevalence of reduced eGFR (&lt;\u200960\u2009ml\/min\/1.73m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> CKD-EPI creatinine equation), albuminuria and or a composite indicator of CKD (one measure of either reduced eGFR or albuminuria) between participants aged 40\u201369 in the population-based Know Your Heart (KYH) study, Russia (2015\u20132018\u2009<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u20094607) and the seventh Troms\u00f8 Study (Troms\u00f87), Norway (2015\u20132016\u2009<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u200917,646). We assessed the contribution of established CKD risk factors (low education, diabetes, hypertension, antihypertensive use, smoking, obesity) to between-study differences using logistic regression.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Prevalence of reduced eGFR or albuminuria was 6.5% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 5.4, 7.7) in KYH and 4.6% (95% CI 4.0, 5.2) in Troms\u00f87 standardised for sex and age. Odds of both clinical outcomes were higher in KYH than Troms\u00f87 (reduced eGFR OR 2.06 95% CI 1.67, 2.54; albuminuria OR 1.54 95% CI 1.16, 2.03) adjusted for sex and age. Risk factor adjustment explained the observed between-study difference in albuminuria (OR 0.92 95% CI 0.68, 1.25) but only partially reduced eGFR (OR 1.42 95% CI 1.11, 1.82). The strongest explanatory factors for the between-study difference was higher use of antihypertensives (Russian sample) for reduced eGFR and mean diastolic blood pressure for albuminuria.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We found evidence of a higher burden of CKD within the sample from the population in Arkhangelsk and Novosibirsk compared to Troms\u00f8, partly explained by between-study population differences in established risk factors. In particular hypertension defined by medication use was an important factor associated with the higher CKD prevalence in the Russian sample.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-022-02738-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]],"date-time":"2022-04-14T10:03:38Z","timestamp":1649930618000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Comparing prevalence of chronic kidney disease and its risk factors between population-based surveys in Russia and Norway"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Sarah","family":"Cook","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marit D.","family":"Solbu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne Elise","family":"Eggen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olena","family":"Iakunchykova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Averina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laila A.","family":"Hopstock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamila","family":"Kholmatova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander V.","family":"Kudryavtsev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Leon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofia","family":"Malyutina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Ryabikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Williamson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dorothea","family":"Nitsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"2738_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2275","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2005121273","volume":"17","author":"SI Hallan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hallan SI, Coresh J, Astor BC, Asberg A, Powe NR, Romundstad S, et al. 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The Know Your Heart study was approved by the ethical committees of the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine (approval number 8808 received 24\/02\/2015), Novosibirsk State Medical University (approval number 75 received 21\/05\/2015), the Institute of Preventative Medicine, Novosibirsk (no approval number; approval received 26\/12\/2014), and the Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk (approval number 01\/01\u201315 received 27\/01\/2015). Ethical committees in each site have approved the use of the data for secondary data analysis. Troms\u00f87 was approved by the Regional Committee of Medical and Health Research Ethics (REC North 2014\/940). Informed written consent to take part was provided by participants in both studies including data sharing.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"DN has received funding for two GSK funded studies looking at aspects of kidney function in children and adults in Sub-Saharan Africa in the past 36\u2009months and is the UK Renal Association Director of Informatics Research. DAL declares institutional payment for consultancy work providing expert advice on determinants of longevity as a member of a scientific panel. EW has received payments from AZ for providing statistical training, unrelated to the submitted work. SM and AR are supported by Russian Academy of Science (State assignment \u0410\u0410\u0410\u0410-\u041017\u2013117112850280-2). SM declares additionally funding for equipment and travel as part of the International Project on Cardiovascular Disease in Russia (IPCDR) project funded by Wellcome Trust Strategic Award as detailed in funding statement. All other authors declare they have no conflicts of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"145"}}