{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T11:32:10Z","timestamp":1782300730071,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]],"date-time":"2022-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658793600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]],"date-time":"2022-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1658793600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Key Research and Development Program of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region","award":["2018BFG02010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018BFG02010"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Nephrol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Gitelman syndrome (GS) is a rare autosomal recessive inherited salt-losing tubulopathy (SLT). Here, we report, for the first time, a case of GS overlapping nephrotic syndrome (NS) related to PLA2R-associated membranous nephropathy (MN).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>We described a male patient had a 4-year history of recurrent fatigue. Serum biochemistry revealed hypokalemia with renal potassium wasting, hypomagnesemia, metabolic alkalosis, hyperreninemia, hypocalciuria, as well as nephrotic-range proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and elevated serum anti-phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) antibody. Gene sequencing identified compound heterozygous mutations in <jats:italic>SLC12A3<\/jats:italic> [c.536T\u2009&gt;\u2009A(p.V179D) and c.1456G\u2009&gt;\u2009A(p.D486N)]. The unusual association of SLTs and nephrotic-range glomerular proteinuria prompted us to perform a renal biopsy. Renal biopsy showed idiopathic MN. Due to the potential to activate the sodium-chloride co-transporter (NCC) and cause hyperkalemia, tacrolimus was selected to treat NS. Following treatment with potassium chloride, magnesium oxide, low-dose glucocorticoid combined with tacrolimus, the fatigue significantly improved, and concurrently hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia were corrected and NS was remitted.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Renal biopsy should be warranted for GS patients with moderate to nephrotic-range proteinuria. Tacrolimus was preferred to the management of GS patients with NS.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-022-02875-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]],"date-time":"2022-07-26T13:05:43Z","timestamp":1658840743000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A case of Gitelman syndrome with membranous nephropathy"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Xiafei","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanshen","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jia","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijun","family":"Mou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2875_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-011-9556-0","volume":"41","author":"F Nakhoul","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nakhoul F, Nakhoul N, Dorman E, Berger L, Skorecki K, Magen D. 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Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2020;27(1):56\u201366.","journal-title":"Adv Chronic Kidney Dis"}],"container-title":["BMC Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12882-022-02875-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12882-022-02875-8\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12882-022-02875-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]],"date-time":"2022-07-26T13:13:26Z","timestamp":1658841206000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcnephrol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12882-022-02875-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2875"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12882-022-02875-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2369"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2369","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 January 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 July 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 July 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was obtained from the ethics committee of Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine. All procedures in this study involving consent to participate were performed in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional ethics and research committee. Written informed consent was obtained from the patient and his family members for participate in this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the patient and his family members who participated in our study for publication of this Case report and any accompanying images. A copy of the written consent is available for review by the Editor of this journal.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declared that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"267"}}