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Patients with end-stage renal failure who are on dialysis have a considerably weakened immune system, and organ transplantation is a major risk factor for severe strongyloidiasis. Knowledge of the local epidemiology in tropical and subtropical areas is an essential prerequisite for designing an appropriate strategy to prevent this potentially lethal complication. In this study, we aimed to estimate the prevalence and associated risk factors of\n                      <jats:italic>S. stercoralis<\/jats:italic>\n                      infection in patients on dialysis in Cochabamba, Bolivia.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross-sectional study was carried out among patients undergoing haemodialysis in Cochabamba (elevation 2,500\u00a0m, temperate climate), collecting information on socio-demographic, lifestyle, and clinical variables, and using one coproparasitological technique (the modified Baermann technique) and one serological (ELISA) test for\n                      <jats:italic>S.stercoralis<\/jats:italic>\n                      diagnosis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In total, 149 patients participated in the study (mean age\u2009=\u200951.4\u00a0years, 48.3% male). End-stage renal disease was predominantly (59%) of hypertensive and\/or diabetic origin. The positive serological prevalence was 18.8% (95% CI: 13.3%\u201325.9%).\u00a0Based on the sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA test, the estimate of the actual prevalence was 15.1% (95% CI: 9.4%\u201320.7%). Stool samples of 105 patients (70.5%) showed a coproparasitological prevalence of 1.9% (95% CI: 0.52%\u20136.68%). No potential risk factors were significantly associated with\u00a0\n                      <jats:italic>S. stercoralis<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0infection.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We found a high seroprevalence of\u00a0\n                      <jats:italic>S. stercoralis<\/jats:italic>\n                      in Bolivian patients undergoing haemodialysis in Cochabamba. We recommend presumptive antiparasitic treatment at regular intervals to avoid the potentially fatal complications of\u00a0severe\u00a0strongyloidiasis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-023-03074-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]],"date-time":"2023-02-07T02:07:57Z","timestamp":1675735677000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Prevalence and risk factors of Strongyloides stercoralis in haemodialysis in Cochabamba, Bolivia: a cross-sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Nicolas","family":"Tebib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Tebib","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mauricio","family":"Paredes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosario","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"St\u00e9phanie","family":"Baggio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mario Villarroel","family":"Torrico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amilcar Alejandro Flores","family":"Leon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maya Herbas","family":"Zamorano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francois","family":"Chappuis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laurent","family":"Getaz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]]},"reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"3074_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2009.02.013","volume":"103","author":"A Olsen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Olsen A, van Lieshout L, Marti H, Polderman T, Polman K, Steinmann P, et al. 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In case of illiteracy but with maintained ability to give informed consent corresponding to the possession of the capacity of discernment, participants were properly informed about the content of the study orally (by reading them the information sheet and the consent form). If the consent could not be expressed by affixing a signature, consent with a fingerprint was formally documented. All methods were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. The study protocol was consistent with the ethical principles of the Helsinki Declaration and was approved by the ethics committee of the University of San Simon (Cochabamba).\u00a0Participants who tested positive for a parasitic infection (coproparasitological and \/ or serological tests) were treated free of charge with standard care including a dose of ivermectin (200\u00a0\u03bcg \/ kg) for\u00a0<i>S. stercoralis.<\/i>","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"27"}}