{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T05:11:48Z","timestamp":1793769108701,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720569600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Nephrol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Hemodialyzers should efficiently eliminate small and middle molecular uremic toxins and possess exceptional hemocompatibility to improve well-being of patients with end-stage kidney disease. However, performance and hemocompatibility get compromised during treatment due to adsorption of plasma proteins to the dialyzer membrane. Increased membrane hydrophilicity reduces protein adsorption to the membrane and was implemented in the novel FX CorAL dialyzer. The present randomized controlled trial compares performance and hemocompatibility profiles of the FX CorAL dialyzer to other commonly used dialyzers applied in hemodiafiltration treatments.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This prospective, open, controlled, multicentric, interventional, crossover study randomized stable patients on post-dilution online hemodiafiltration (HDF) to FX CorAL 600, FX CorDiax 600 (both Fresenius Medical Care) and xevonta Hi 15 (B. Braun) each for 4 weeks. Primary outcome was \u03b22-microglobulin removal rate (\u03b22-m RR). Non-inferiority and superiority of FX CorAL versus comparators were tested. Secondary endpoints were RR and\/or clearance of small and middle molecules, and intra- and interdialytic profiles of hemocompatibility markers, with regards to complement activation, cell activation\/inflammation, platelet activation and oxidative stress. Further endpoints were patient reported outcomes (PROs) and clinical safety.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>82 patients were included and 76 analyzed as intention-to-treat (ITT) population. FX CorAL showed the highest \u03b22-m RR (76.28%), followed by FX CorDiax (75.69%) and xevonta (74.48%). Non-inferiority to both comparators and superiority to xevonta were statistically significant. Secondary endpoints related to middle molecules corroborated these results; performance for small molecules was comparable between dialyzers. Regarding intradialytic hemocompatibility, FX CorAL showed lower complement, white blood cell, and platelet activation. There were no differences in interdialytic hemocompatibility, PROs, or clinical safety.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The novel FX CorAL with increased membrane hydrophilicity showed strong performance and a favorable hemocompatibility profile as compared to other commonly used dialyzers in clinical practice. Further long-term investigations should examine whether the benefits of FX CorAL will translate into improved cardiovascular and mortality endpoints.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>eMPORA III registration on 19\/01\/2021 at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04714281).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-024-03644-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T05:01:38Z","timestamp":1720587698000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Randomized investigation of increased dialyzer membrane hydrophilicity on hemocompatibility and performance"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"G\u00f6tz","family":"Ehlerding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Ries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Kempkes-Koch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ekkehard","family":"Ziegler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Ronov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1ria","family":"Krizs\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jana","family":"Vere\u0161ov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1ria","family":"B\u00f6ke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ansgar","family":"Erlenk\u00f6tter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Nitschel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam M.","family":"Zawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James P.","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Braun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John W.","family":"Larkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Korolev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Lang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertram","family":"Ottillinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Stauss-Grabo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bettina","family":"Griesshaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"3644_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/S1561-5413(09)60162-9","volume":"6","author":"NA Hoenich","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hoenich NA. Update on the biocompatibility of hemodialysis membranes. Hong Kong J Nephrol. 2004;6(2):74\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1561-5413(09)60162-9.","journal-title":"Hong Kong J Nephrol"},{"key":"3644_CR2","unstructured":"Peinemann K, Pereira Nunes S. Membranes for Life Sciences | Wiley. Wiley.com. Accessed May 13, 2021. https:\/\/www.wiley.com\/en-cl\/Membranes+for+Life+Sciences-p-9783527314805."},{"issue":"4","key":"3644_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-139x.2001.00068.x","volume":"14","author":"LW Henderson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Henderson LW, Clark WR, Cheung AK. Quantification of middle molecular weight solute removal in dialysis. Semin Dial. 2001;14(4):294\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1525-139x.2001.00068.x.","journal-title":"Semin Dial"},{"issue":"2","key":"3644_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering10020145","volume":"10","author":"T Lang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lang T, Zawada AM, Theis L, et al. Hemodiafiltration: Technical and Medical insights. Bioengineering. 2023;10(2):145. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bioengineering10020145.","journal-title":"Bioengineering"},{"issue":"5","key":"3644_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1012","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1991.128","volume":"39","author":"C van Ypersele","year":"1991","unstructured":"van Ypersele C, Jadoul M, Malghem J, Maldague B, Jamart J. Effect of dialysis membrane and patient\u2019s age on signs of dialysis-related amyloidosis. The Working Party on Dialysis Amyloidosis. Kidney Int. 1991;39(5):1012\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.1991.128.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"3644_CR6","first-page":"495","volume":"123","author":"JT McCarthy","year":"1994","unstructured":"McCarthy JT, Williams AW, Johnson WJ. Serum beta 2-microglobulin concentration in dialysis patients: importance of intrinsic renal function. J Lab Clin Med. 1994;123(4):495\u2013505.","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"3644_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfn521","volume":"24","author":"S Okuno","year":"2009","unstructured":"Okuno S, Ishimura E, Kohno K, et al. Serum beta2-microglobulin level is a significant predictor of mortality in maintenance haemodialysis patients. Nephrol Dial Transpl. 2009;24(2):571\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfn521.","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transpl"},{"issue":"2","key":"3644_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2005020132","volume":"17","author":"AK Cheung","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cheung AK, Rocco MV, Yan G, et al. Serum beta-2 microglobulin levels predict mortality in dialysis patients: results of the HEMO study. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2006;17(2):546\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2005020132.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"3644_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"aor13887","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.13887","volume":"13","author":"P Melchior","year":"2021","unstructured":"Melchior P, Erlenk\u00f6tter A, Zawada AM, et al. Complement activation by dialysis membranes and its association with secondary membrane formation and surface charge. Artif organs. Published Online Febr. 2021;13:aor13887. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/aor.13887.","journal-title":"Published Online Febr"},{"key":"3644_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"hdi12939","DOI":"10.1111\/hdi.12939","volume":"4","author":"AM Zawada","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zawada AM, Melchior P, Erlenk\u00f6tter A, Delinski D, Stauss-Grabo M, Kennedy JP. Polyvinylpyrrolidone in hemodialysis membranes: impact on platelet loss during hemodialysis. Hemodial Int Published Online June. 2021;4:hdi12939. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hdi.12939.","journal-title":"Hemodial Int Published Online June"},{"key":"3644_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ehlerding G, Ries W, Kempkes-Koch M et al. Randomized comparison of three high-flux dialyzers during high volume online hemodiafiltration \u2013 the comPERFORM study. Clin Kidney J. Published online 2021.","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfab196"},{"key":"3644_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2017.03.055","volume":"498","author":"L Zhu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhu L, Song H, Zhang D, Wang G, Zeng Z, Xue Q. Negatively charged polysulfone membranes with hydrophilicity and antifouling properties based on in situ cross-linked polymerization. J Colloid Interface Sci. 2017;498:136\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcis.2017.03.055.","journal-title":"J Colloid Interface Sci"},{"key":"3644_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.memsci.2004.01.020","volume":"234","author":"M Hayama","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hayama M, Yamamoto K, ichiro, Kohori F, Sakai K. How polysulfone dialysis membranes containing polyvinylpyrrolidone achieve excellent biocompatibility? J Membrane Sci - J MEMBRANE SCI. 2004;234:41\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.memsci.2004.01.020.","journal-title":"J Membrane Sci - J MEMBRANE SCI"},{"issue":"6","key":"3644_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/s0142-9612(03)00629-x","volume":"25","author":"M Hayama","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hayama M, Yamamoto K, ichiro, Kohori F, et al. Nanoscopic behavior of polyvinylpyrrolidone particles on polysulfone\/polyvinylpyrrolidone film. Biomaterials. 2004;25(6):1019\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0142-9612(03)00629-x.","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"7","key":"3644_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.3390\/toxins15070465","volume":"15","author":"Z Haq","year":"2023","unstructured":"Haq Z, Wang X, Cheng Q, et al. Bisphenol A and Bisphenol S in Hemodialyzers. Toxins. 2023;15(7):465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/toxins15070465.","journal-title":"Toxins"},{"key":"3644_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12221-009-0001-4","volume":"10","author":"H Wang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wang H, Yu T, Zhao C, Du Q. Improvement of hydrophilicity and blood compatibility on polyethersulfone membrane by adding polyvinylpyrrolidone. Fibers Polym - FIBER POLYM. 2009;10:1\u20135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12221-009-0001-4.","journal-title":"Fibers Polym - FIBER POLYM"},{"issue":"4","key":"3644_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes14040083","volume":"14","author":"AM Zawada","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zawada AM, Emal K, F\u00f6rster E, et al. Hydrophilic modification of Dialysis membranes sustains middle molecule removal and filtration characteristics. Membranes. 2024;14(4):83. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/membranes14040083.","journal-title":"Membranes"},{"issue":"6","key":"3644_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.3265\/Nefrologia.pre2014.Jul.12682","volume":"34","author":"MA Alvarez-de Lara","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alvarez-de Lara MA, Mart\u00edn-Malo A. Hypersensitivity reactions to synthetic haemodialysis membranes - an emerging issue? Nefrologia. 2014;34(6):698\u2013702. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3265\/Nefrologia.pre2014.Jul.12682.","journal-title":"Nefrologia"},{"issue":"Supplement1","key":"3644_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"gfab0820041","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfab082.0041","volume":"36","author":"M Kempkes-Koch","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kempkes-Koch M, Stauss-Grabo M, Erlenk\u00f6tter A, MO387 CLINICAL PERFORMANCE, HEMOCOMPATIBILITY AND SAFETY OF A NEW DIALYZER WITH A MODIFIED POLYSULFONE MEMBRANE, et al. Nephrol Dialysis Transplantation. 2021;36(Supplement1):gfab0820041. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ndt\/gfab082.0041.","journal-title":"Nephrol Dialysis Transplantation"},{"key":"3644_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ehlerding G, Erlenk\u00f6tter A, Gauly A et al. Performance and hemocompatibility of a novel polysulfone dialyzer: a randomized controlled trial. Kidney360. Published online January 1, 2021:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34067\/KID.0000302021.","DOI":"10.34067\/KID.0000302021"},{"issue":"10","key":"3644_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.3390\/membranes12100932","volume":"12","author":"AM Zawada","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zawada AM, Lang T, Ottillinger B, Kircelli F, Stauss-Grabo M, Kennedy JP. Impact of hydrophilic modification of synthetic Dialysis membranes on hemocompatibility and performance. Membranes. 2022;12(10):932. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/membranes12100932.","journal-title":"Membranes"},{"issue":"2","key":"3644_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4","volume":"28","author":"DJ Buysse","year":"1989","unstructured":"Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 1989;28(2):193\u2013213. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0165-1781(89)90047-4.","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"3644_CR23","unstructured":"Hays RD, Kallich J, Mapes D et al. Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form (KDQOL-SF\u2122), Version 1.3: A Manual for Use and Scoring. RAND Corporation; 1997. Accessed May 16, 2023. https:\/\/www.rand.org\/pubs\/papers\/P7994.html."},{"issue":"5","key":"3644_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-1246","volume":"92","author":"NQ Phan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Phan NQ, Blome C, Fritz F, et al. Assessment of pruritus intensity: prospective study on validity and reliability of the visual analogue scale, numerical rating scale and verbal rating scale in 471 patients with chronic pruritus. Acta Derm Venereol. 2012;92(5):502\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2340\/00015555-1246.","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3644_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.17111","volume":"35","author":"M Storck","year":"2021","unstructured":"Storck M, Sandmann S, Bruland P, et al. Pruritus Intensity scales across Europe: a prospective validation study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2021;35(5):1176\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jdv.17111.","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"issue":"7","key":"3644_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555-3158","volume":"99","author":"E Verweyen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Verweyen E, St\u00e4nder S, Kreitz K, et al. Validation of a Comprehensive Set of Pruritus Assessment instruments: the chronic Pruritus Tools Questionnaire PRURITOOLS. Acta Derm Venereol. 2019;99(7):657\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2340\/00015555-3158.","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"issue":"4","key":"3644_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.17744","volume":"181","author":"G Yosipovitch","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yosipovitch G, Reaney M, Mastey V, et al. Peak Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale: psychometric validation and responder definition for assessing itch in moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol. 2019;181(4):761\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjd.17744.","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3644_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/s1389-9457(02)00258-7","volume":"4","author":"AS Walters","year":"2003","unstructured":"Walters AS, LeBrocq C, Dhar A, et al. Validation of the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group rating scale for restless legs syndrome. Sleep Med. 2003;4(2):121\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1389-9457(02)00258-7.","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"3644_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2004.10.010","volume":"6","author":"GR Wunderlich","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wunderlich GR, Evans KR, Sills T, et al. An item response analysis of the international restless legs syndrome study group rating scale for restless legs syndrome. Sleep Med. 2005;6(2):131\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2004.10.010.","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"3644_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2005.12.011","volume":"7","author":"L Abetz","year":"2006","unstructured":"Abetz L, Arbuckle R, Allen RP, et al. The reliability, validity and responsiveness of the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group rating scale and subscales in a clinical-trial setting. Sleep Med. 2006;7(4):340\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2005.12.011.","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"3644_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3495","volume":"28","author":"F Bretz","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bretz F, Maurer W, Brannath W, Posch M. A graphical approach to sequentially rejective multiple test procedures. Statist Med. 2009;28(4):586\u2013604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sim.3495.","journal-title":"Statist Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"3644_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1159\/000358214","volume":"37","author":"F Maduell","year":"2014","unstructured":"Maduell F, Arias-Guillen M, Fontser\u00e9 N, et al. Elimination of large uremic toxins by a dialyzer specifically designed for high-volume convective therapies. Blood Purif. 2014;37(2):125\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000358214.","journal-title":"Blood Purif"},{"key":"3644_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gotch FA, Panlilio FM, Buyaki RA, Wang EX, Folden TI, Levin NW. Mechanisms determining the ratio of conductivity clearance to urea clearance. Kidney Int Suppl. 2004;89S3\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00759.x.","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.00759.x"},{"key":"3644_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00071","volume":"9","author":"F Poppelaars","year":"2018","unstructured":"Poppelaars F, Faria B, Gaya da Costa M, et al. The complement system in Dialysis: a Forgotten Story? Front Immunol. 2018;9:71. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2018.00071.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"13","key":"3644_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3759","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11133759","volume":"11","author":"S Campo","year":"2022","unstructured":"Campo S, Lacquaniti A, Trombetta D, Smeriglio A, Monardo P. Immune System dysfunction and inflammation in Hemodialysis patients: two sides of the same Coin. J Clin Med. 2022;11(13):3759. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11133759.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"3644_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1111\/1744-9987.12454","volume":"20","author":"T Kakuta","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kakuta T, Komaba H, Takagi N, et al. A prospective Multicenter Randomized Controlled Study on Interleukin-6 removal and induction by a new Hemodialyzer with Improved Biocompatibility in Hemodialysis patients: a pilot study: study on IL-6 removal by a new Hemodialyzer. Ther Apher Dial. 2016;20(6):569\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1744-9987.12454.","journal-title":"Ther Apher Dial"},{"issue":"6","key":"3644_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1111\/1744-9987.13626","volume":"25","author":"B Quiroga","year":"2021","unstructured":"Quiroga B, Mu\u00f1oz Ramos P, Giorgi M, et al. Dynamic assessment of interleukin-6 during hemodialysis and mortality in coronavirus disease\u201019. Ther Apher Dial. 2021;25(6):908\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1744-9987.13626.","journal-title":"Ther Apher Dial"},{"issue":"1","key":"3644_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21747","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-78742-z","volume":"10","author":"T Fukushi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fukushi T, Yamamoto T, Yoshida M, Fujikura E, Miyazaki M, Nakayama M. Enhanced neutrophil apoptosis accompanying myeloperoxidase release during hemodialysis. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):21747. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-78742-z.","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"6","key":"3644_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xkme.2020.06.014","volume":"2","author":"S Bieber","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bieber S, Muczynski KA, Lood C. Neutrophil activation and neutrophil extracellular trap formation in Dialysis patients. Kidney Med. 2020;2(6):692\u2013e6981. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.xkme.2020.06.014.","journal-title":"Kidney Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"3644_CR40","first-page":"658","volume":"298","author":"JF Th\u00e9or\u00eat","year":"2001","unstructured":"Th\u00e9or\u00eat JF, Bienvenu JG, Kumar A, Merhi Y. P-selectin antagonism with recombinant p-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (rPSGL-Ig) inhibits circulating activated platelet binding to neutrophils induced by damaged arterial surfaces. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001;298(2):658\u201364.","journal-title":"J Pharmacol Exp Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"3644_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nefroe.2023.03.015","volume":"43","author":"P Molina","year":"2023","unstructured":"Molina P, Ojeda R, Blanco A, et al. Etiopathogenesis of chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus: putting the pieces of the puzzle together. Nefrolog\u00eda (English Edition). 2023;43(1):48\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nefroe.2023.03.015.","journal-title":"Nefrolog\u00eda (English Edition)"},{"issue":"8","key":"3644_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sleep.2015.03.025","volume":"16","author":"T Higuchi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Higuchi T, Abe M, Mizuno M, et al. Association of restless legs syndrome with oxidative stress and inflammation in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Sleep Med. 2015;16(8):941\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.sleep.2015.03.025.","journal-title":"Sleep Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"3644_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1177\/1099800418764326","volume":"20","author":"LA Matura","year":"2018","unstructured":"Matura LA, Malone S, Jaime-Lara R, Riegel B. A systematic review of biological mechanisms of fatigue in chronic illness. Biol Res Nurs. 2018;20(4):410\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1099800418764326.","journal-title":"Biol Res Nurs"},{"key":"3644_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.20213210S1277c","volume":"32","author":"M Wolf","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wolf M, Zhang H, Winter A, et al. Real-world clinical performance evaluation of the FX CorAL dialyzer: a retrospective cohort study (PO0793). J Am Soc Nephrol. 2021;32:177.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"3644_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Oshihara W, Ueno Y, Fujieda H. A New Polysulfone Membrane Dialyzer, NV, with Low-Fouling and Antithrombotic Properties. In: Kawanishi H, Takemoto Y,. Contributions to Nephrology. Vol 189. S. Karger AG; 2017:222\u2013229. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000450805.","DOI":"10.1159\/000450805"},{"key":"3644_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2070","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02070","volume":"9","author":"F Poppelaars","year":"2018","unstructured":"Poppelaars F, Gaya da Costa M, Faria B, et al. Intradialytic complement activation precedes the Development of Cardiovascular events in Hemodialysis patients. Front Immunol. 2018;9:2070. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2018.02070.","journal-title":"Front Immunol"}],"container-title":["BMC Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12882-024-03644-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12882-024-03644-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12882-024-03644-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T05:02:07Z","timestamp":1720587727000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcnephrol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/s12882-024-03644-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3644"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12882-024-03644-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2369"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2369","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 April 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 June 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 July 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Ethics Committees \u00c4rztekammer Niedersachsen\/Schleswig-Holstein in Germany (Approval Reference: BO\/49\/2020), IKEM in Czech Republic (Approval Reference: 26370\/20, A-20-27) and OGYEI\/TUKEB in Hungary (Approval Reference: OGY\u00c9I\/1063\/2021). This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and informed consent was obtained from each patient.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"AE, RN, AMZ, JPK, JB, JWL, NK, TL, MSG, and BG are full-time employees of Fresenius Medical Care and report personal fees from Fresenius Medical Care, outside the submitted work. GE, WR, MKK, EZ, PR, MK, JV, and MB report grants, personal fees, and non-financial support from Fresenius Medical Care, during the conduct of the study; JWL reports having share options\/ownership in Fresenius Medical Care, being an inventor on patent(s) in the field of dialysis, receipt of honorarium from The Lancet, being on the Editorial Board of Frontiers in Physiology and Frontiers in Medicine, Nephrology, and being a member on the Steering Committee of the MONitoring Dialysis Outcomes (MONDO) initiative. BO reports personal fees from Fresenius Medical Care received during the conduct and after the study. The results presented in this paper have not been published previously in whole or part, except in abstract format at the ERA Nephrology Congress 2023, Milan, Italy.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"220"}}