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This study examined associations between CKD and healthy life expectancy, and its economic burden.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study of community-dwelling adults residing in Hakui City, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan used data from the National Health Insurance database between 2012 and 2022. Participants were grouped by baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (&lt;\u200945, \u2265\u200945 to &lt;\u200960, \u226560 to &lt;\u200975, \u226575 to &lt;\u200990, and \u2265\u200990 mL\/min\/1.73\u00a0m\u00b2). The primary endpoint was a composite of becoming a care level\u2009\u2265\u20092 or death. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate the risk regarding time to the primary endpoint. Secondary endpoints were the annual medical and long-term care costs.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The 5,592 participants had a mean follow-up of 6.4 years. The hazard ratio was 1.86 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.35 to 2.55) for the eGFR\u2009&lt;\u200945 group and 1.60 (95% CI: 1.13 to 2.25) for the eGFR\u2009\u2265\u200990 group, both compared with the eGFR\u2009\u2265\u200960 to &lt;\u200975 group. Both annual costs were significantly higher in the lower eGFR groups than in the higher eGFR groups. For the eGFR\u2009&lt;\u200945 group, the median medical care cost was 0.38\u00a0million yen\/year in all participants and the median long-term care cost was 0.40\u00a0million yen\/year in primary endpoint achievers. A lower eGFR was correlated with longer unhealthy years of life.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Higher and lower eGFRs were associated with increased risks of reduced healthy life expectancy. A lower eGFR was associated with higher medical and long-term care costs.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-024-03843-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]],"date-time":"2025-01-13T12:23:06Z","timestamp":1736770986000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Relationship between kidney function and healthy life expectancy: A historical cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Hisayuki","family":"Ogura","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tadashi","family":"Toyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hikaru","family":"Samuta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kohei","family":"Hirako","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoya","family":"Itatani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shiori","family":"Nakagawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megumi","family":"Oshima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shinji","family":"Kitajima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akinori","family":"Hara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Norihiko","family":"Sakai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Miho","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tomoyuki","family":"Takura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Wada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasunori","family":"Iwata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"3843_CR1","unstructured":"UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs. 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This study protocol was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Kanazawa University (approval number 053). It was difficult to obtain individual consent owing to the use of administrative data. The need for informed consent was waived by the Medical Ethics Committee of Kanazawa University. Participants were informed via our home page that they could opt out from the study at any time. Participants who indicated that they could not cooperate with our study protocol were excluded from the analysis on our request to the Hakui City Hall.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"21"}}