{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T20:00:03Z","timestamp":1794081603571,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740441600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740441600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Nephrol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a sudden and reversible decrease in kidney function, causing the retention of waste products in the blood and potentially resulting in severe complications or death if not timely managed. Studies on AKI among traumatic brain injury patients in low-income nations like Ethiopia is very critical due to the limited healthcare resources, high burden of trauma-related injuries, and lack of robust data on the incidence and risk factors of AKI in such settings, which hinders effective prevention and treatment strategies tailored to these vulnerable populations Therefore, this study aimed to assess the incidence and predictors of AKI among traumatic brain injury patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 450 adult patients with traumatic brain injuries admitted to Tibebe-Ghion Specialized Hospital in Ethiopia. Kaplan- Meir curve and Log rank test were used to estimate and compare survival probability of different categories. A multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was used to identify determinants of acute kidney injury (AKI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The incidence of AKI was 10.9%, with a median follow-up period of 42 days. Significant predictors of AKI among traumatic brain injury patients included age (AHR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02\u20131.07), severe head injury (AHR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.02\u20132.09), unreactive pupillary response (AHR: 4.82, 95% CI: 1.82\u201312.72), and hypotension (AHR: 3.45, 95% CI: 1.71\u20136.96).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study found that AKI occurs in more than one in ten patients with traumatic brain injuries, with significant predictors including older age, severe head injury, unreactive pupillary response, and hypotension. These findings highlight the need for careful monitoring and early intervention for high-risk patients to prevent AKI and improve overall outcomes. Implementing targeted prevention and treatment strategies in settings with limited resources can help mitigate the burden of AKI and enhance patient care in vulnerable populations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-025-04024-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]],"date-time":"2025-02-25T05:31:19Z","timestamp":1740461479000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Incidence and predictors of acute kidney injury among traumatic brain injury patients in Northwest Ethiopia: a cohort study using survival analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Zelalem Alamrew","family":"Anteneh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Semew Kassa","family":"Kebede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abebaw Gedef","family":"Azene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"4024_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Huang XF, Ma SF, Jiang XH, Song RJ, Li M, Zhang J, Sun TJ, Hu Q, Wang WR, Yu AY et al. 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The IRB determined that the study was exempt from human subjects\u2019 research regulations because all data were collected in a fully anonymized manner. As a result, the need for participant consent was waived by the ethics committee. Additional permission was obtained from Tibebe-Ghion Specialized Hospital. The study adhered to the ethical principles outlined in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and the guidelines of the IRB of Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia. To ensure confidentiality, healthcare professionals at the hospital extracted data from medical records. No personal identifiers were used during data collection, and all data were handled securely and anonymously to protect participants\u2019 privacy. This study is a retrospective observational analysis based on secondary data and isn\u2019t a clinical trial. Therefore, clinical trial registration details are not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"96"}}