{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,20]],"date-time":"2026-05-20T16:50:41Z","timestamp":1779295841935,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769212800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":24,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Nephrol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-025-04734-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]],"date-time":"2026-01-24T15:05:24Z","timestamp":1769267124000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Medication adherence tools and measures in chronic kidney disease: a systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Elnaz","family":"Roohi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Donna","family":"Rahmatian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Borkum","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Bredenkamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hilary","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Haubrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"Pietrobon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Gregson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Atiquzzaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adeera","family":"Levin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"4734_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sundstr\u00f6m J, Bodegard J, Bollmann A, Vervloet MG, Mark PB, Karasik A, et al. Prevalence, outcomes, and cost of chronic kidney disease in a contemporary population of 2\u00b74 million patients from 11 countries: the CaReMe CKD study. Lancet Reg Health-Eur. 2022;20.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2022.100438"},{"issue":"5","key":"4734_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2021.07.029","volume":"100","author":"SM Sozio","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sozio SM, Pivert KA, Caskey FJ, et al. The state of the global nephrology workforce: a joint ASN-ERA-EDTA-ISN investigation. Kidney Int. 2021;100(5):995\u20131000.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"10225","key":"4734_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30045-3","volume":"395","author":"GBD Chronic Kidney Disease Collaboration","year":"2020","unstructured":"GBD Chronic Kidney Disease Collaboration. Global, regional, and national burden of chronic kidney disease, 1990-2017. A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2017. Lancet. 2020;395(10225):709\u201333.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"2","key":"4734_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2018.08.006","volume":"22","author":"PP Pednekar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pednekar PP, \u00c1gh T, Malmen\u00e4s M, Raval AD, Bennett BM, Borah BJ, et al. Methods for measuring multiple medication adherence: a systematic review-report of the ISPOR medication adherence and persistence special interest group. Value Health. 2019;22(2):139\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jval.2018.08.006. Epub 2018 Oct 25.","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"key":"4734_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfu015","volume":"30","author":"M Burnier","year":"2015","unstructured":"Burnier M, Pruijm M, Wuerzner G, et al. Drug adherence in chronic kidney disease and dialysis. Nephrol Dial Transpl. 2015;30:39\u201344.","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transpl"},{"key":"4734_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.13588","volume":"26","author":"RJB Ellis","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ellis RJB, Welch JL. Medication-taking behaviors in chronic kidney disease with multiple chronic conditions: a meta-ethnographic synthesis of qualitative studies. J Clin Nurs. 2016;26:586\u201398.","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"4734_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/s12877-020-1485-4","volume":"20","author":"C Roux-Marson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Roux-Marson C, Baranski JB, Fafin C, et al. Medication burden and inappropriate prescription risk among elderly with advanced chronic kidney disease. BMC Geriatr. 2020;20(1):87.","journal-title":"BMC Geriatr"},{"issue":"4","key":"4734_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2015.03.026","volume":"66","author":"KL Hsu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hsu KL, Fink JC, Ginsberg JS, Yoffe M, Zhan M, Fink W, et al. Self-reported medication adherence and adverse patient safety Events in CKD. Am J Kidney Dis. 2015;66(4):621\u201329.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"4734_CR9","volume-title":"Eduardo sabat\u00e9","author":"WHO","year":"2003","unstructured":"WHO. Adherence to long-term therapies: evidence for action. In: Eduardo sabat\u00e9. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2003."},{"key":"4734_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1605204","DOI":"10.3389\/ijph.2022.1605204","volume":"67","author":"C Bandiera","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bandiera C, Ribaut J, Dima AL, Allemann SS, Molesworth K, Kalumiya K, et al. Swiss priority setting on implementing medication adherence interventions as part of the European ENABLE COST action. Int J Public Health. 2022;67:1605204.","journal-title":"Int J Public Health"},{"key":"4734_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1186\/2047-783X-14-5-185","volume":"14","author":"H Schmid","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schmid H, Hartmann B, Schiffl H. Adherence to prescribed oral medication in adult patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis: a critical review of the literature. Eur J Med Res. 2009;14:185\u201390.","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"4734_CR12","first-page":"1121","volume":"10","author":"VT Truong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Truong VT, Moisan J, Kr\u00f6ger E, Langlois S, Gr\u00e9goire JP. Persistence and compliance with newly initiated antihypertensive drug treatment in patients with chronic kidney disease. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2016;10:1121\u201329.","journal-title":"Patient Prefer Adherence"},{"issue":"4","key":"4734_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfx140","volume":"11","author":"T Mechta Nielsen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mechta Nielsen T, Fr\u00f8jk Juhl M, Feldt-Rasmussen B, Thomsen T. Adherence to medication in patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review of qualitative research. Clin Kidney J. 2018;11(4):513\u201327.","journal-title":"Clin Kidney J"},{"issue":"3","key":"4734_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2018.01.007","volume":"3","author":"EA Cedillo-Couvert","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cedillo-Couvert EA, Ricardo AC, Chen J, Cohan J, Fischer MJ, Krousel-Wood M, et al. CRIC study investigators. Self-reported medication adherence and CKD Progression. Kidney Int Rep. 2018;3(3):645\u201351.","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"issue":"11","key":"4734_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100532","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xkme.2022.100532","volume":"4","author":"CD Mullins","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mullins CD, Pantalone KM, Betts KA, Song J, Wu A, Chen Y, et al. CKD progression and economic burden in individuals with CKD associated with type 2 diabetes. Kidney Med. 2022;4(11):100532.","journal-title":"Kidney Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"4734_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1007\/s13142-015-0315-2","volume":"5","author":"MJ Stirratt","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stirratt MJ, Dunbar-Jacob J, Crane HM, Simoni JM, Czajkowski S, Hilliard ME, et al. Self-report measures of medication adherence behavior: recommendations on optimal use. Transl Behav Med. 2015;5(4):470\u201382.","journal-title":"Transl Behav Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"4734_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.japh.2022.09.007","volume":"63","author":"NM Rickles","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rickles NM, Mulrooney M, Sobieraj D, Hernandez AV, Manzey LL, Gouveia-Pisano JA, et al. A systematic review of primary care-focused, self-reported medication adherence tools. J Am Pharm Assoc. 2023;63(2):477\u201390.e1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.japh.2022.09.007.","journal-title":"J Am Pharm Assoc"},{"key":"4734_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1080\/08870446.2016.1275632","volume":"32","author":"J Inauen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Inauen J, Bierbauer W, L\u00fcscher J, et al. Assessing adherence to multiple medications and in daily life among patients with multimorbidity. Psychol Health. 2017;32:1233\u201348.","journal-title":"Psychol Health"},{"key":"4734_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.7812\/TPP\/18-033","volume":"22","author":"F Kleinsinger","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kleinsinger F. The unmet challenge of medication nonadherence. Perm J. 2018;22:18\u2013033. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7812\/TPP\/18-033.","journal-title":"Perm J"},{"key":"4734_CR20","first-page":"35","volume":"7","author":"AO Iuga","year":"2014","unstructured":"Iuga AO, McGuire MJ. Adherence and health care costs. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2014;7:35\u201344.","journal-title":"Risk Manag Healthc Policy"},{"key":"4734_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1000097","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097","volume":"6","author":"D Moher","year":"2009","unstructured":"Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med. 2009;6:e1000097.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"4734_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.5596\/c14-016","volume":"35","author":"J Babineau","year":"2014","unstructured":"Babineau J. Product review: covidence (systematic review software). J Can Health Libr Assoc. 2014;35:68. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5596\/c14-016.","journal-title":"J Can Health Libr Assoc"},{"key":"4734_CR23","unstructured":"World Bank. World Bank country and lending groups. https:\/\/datahelpdesk.worldbank.org\/knowledgebase\/articles\/906519-world-bank-country-and-lending-groups. Accessed 22 Nov 2024."},{"issue":"8","key":"4734_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00009","volume":"155","author":"PF Whiting","year":"2011","unstructured":"Whiting PF, Rutjes AW, Westwood ME, Mallett S, Deeks JJ, Reitsma JB, et al. QUADAS-2 group. QUADAS-2: a revised tool for the quality assessment of diagnostic accuracy studies. Ann Intern Med. 2011;155(8):529\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7326\/0003-4819-155-8-201110180-00009.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"4734_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1111\/1744-9987.70018","volume":"29","author":"S Ada","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ada S, Ozcan SG. Comparison of mood status and treatment adherence between dialysis modalities. Ther Apher Dial. 2025;29(4):639\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1744-9987.70018. Epub 2025 Apr 13. PMID: 40223269.","journal-title":"Ther Apher Dial"},{"issue":"3","key":"4734_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1177\/17423953241241803","volume":"20","author":"M Afshari","year":"2024","unstructured":"Afshari M, Karimi-Shahanjarini A, Tapak L, Hashemi S. Determinants of medication adherence among elderly with high blood pressure living in deprived areas. Chronic Illn. 2024;20(3):487\u2013503. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/17423953241241803. Epub 2024 Jun 12. PMID: 38866539.","journal-title":"Chronic Illn"},{"issue":"4","key":"4734_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-2442.134990","volume":"25","author":"AM Alkatheri","year":"2014","unstructured":"Alkatheri AM, Alyousif SM, Alshabanah N, Albekairy AM, Alharbi S, Alhejaili FF, et al. Medication adherence among adult patients on hemodialysis. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl. 2014;25(4):762\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/1319-2442.134990.","journal-title":"Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl"},{"issue":"4","key":"4734_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1111\/jorc.12127","volume":"41","author":"L Amado","year":"2015","unstructured":"Amado L, Ferreira N, Miranda V, Meireles P, Povera V, Ferreira R, et al. Self-reported medication adherence in patients with end-stage kidney disease undergoing online-haemodiafiltration. J Ren Care. 2015;41(4):231\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jorc.12127. Epub 2015 May 4.","journal-title":"J Ren Care"},{"key":"4734_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1294436","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1294436","volume":"15","author":"C Bandiera","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bandiera C, Dotta-Celio J, Locatelli I, Nobre D, Wuerzner G, Pruijm M, et al. The differential impact of a 6-versus 12-month pharmacist-led interprofessional medication adherence program on medication adherence in patients with diabetic kidney disease: the randomized PANDIA-IRIS study. Front Pharmacol. 2024;15:1294436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2024.1294436. PMID: 38327981; PMCID: PMC10847300.","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"4734_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2313","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S377780","volume":"16","author":"C Bandiera","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bandiera C, Pasquier J, Locatelli I, Niquille A, Wuerzner G, Dotta-Celio J, et al. Medication adherence evaluated through electronic monitors during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Switzerland: a longitudinal analysis. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2022;16:2313\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/PPA.S377780.","journal-title":"Patient Prefer Adherence"},{"issue":"6","key":"4734_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.21037\/apm-22-555","volume":"11","author":"L Bao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bao L, Bian X, Zhang A, Huang J, Ren L, Luo C. Long-term efficacy, safety, and medication compliance of roxadustat on peritoneal dialysis patients with renal anemia affected by the COVID-19 pandemic: a retrospective study. Ann Palliat Med. 2022;11(6):2017\u201324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/apm-22-555.","journal-title":"Ann Palliat Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"4734_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1707","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11061707","volume":"11","author":"I Bonikowska","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bonikowska I, Szwamel K, Uchmanowicz I. Adherence to medication in older adults with type 2 diabetes living in Lubuskie Voivodeship in Poland: association with frailty syndrome. J Clin Med. 2022;11(6):1707. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm11061707.","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"issue":"47","key":"4734_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2051","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002051","volume":"94","author":"PY Chang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chang PY, Chien LN, Lin YF, Chiou HY, Chiu WT. Nonadherence of oral antihyperglycemic medication will increase risk of end-stage renal disease. Medicine (Baltimore). 2015;94(47):e2051. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000002051.","journal-title":"Medicine (baltimore)"},{"key":"4734_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2369-15-170","volume":"15","author":"I Cohen-Glickman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cohen-Glickman I, Haviv YS, Cohen MJ. Summary adherence estimates do not portray the true incongruity between drug intake, nurse documentation and physicians\u2019 orders. BMC Nephrol. 2014;15:170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2369-15-170.","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"issue":"8","key":"4734_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.18553\/jmcp.2006.12.8.649","volume":"12","author":"CE Cooke","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cooke CE, Fatodu H. Physician conformity and patient adherence to ACE inhibitors and ARBs in patients with diabetes, with and without renal disease and hypertension, in a medicaid managed care organization. J Manag Care Pharm. 2006;12(8):649\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18553\/jmcp.2006.12.8.649.","journal-title":"J Manag Care Pharm"},{"issue":"1","key":"4734_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-025-01742-8","volume":"8","author":"S Gamal","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gamal S, Elseasi AMA, Sabry NA, Farid SF. Impact of pharmacist led mobile application on medication adherence and efficacy in chronic kidney disease. NPJ Digit Med. 2025;8(1):325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41746-025-01742-8. PMID: 40447835; PMCID: PMC12125339.","journal-title":"NPJ Digit Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"4734_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1542-4758.2009.00397.x","volume":"14","author":"Y Gincherman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gincherman Y, Moloney K, McKee C, Coyne DW. Assessment of adherence to cinacalcet by prescription refill rates in hemodialysis patients. Hemodial Int. 2010;14(1):68\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1542-4758.2009.00397.x.","journal-title":"Hemodial Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"4734_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.18553\/jmcp.2020.26.1.67","volume":"26","author":"D Gor","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gor D, Lee TA, Schumock GT, Walton SM, Gerber BS, Nutescu EA, et al. Adherence and persistence with DPP-4 inhibitors versus pioglitazone in type 2 diabetes patients with chronic kidney disease: a retrospective claims database analysis. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2020;26(1):67\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18553\/jmcp.2020.26.1.67.","journal-title":"J Manag Care Spec Pharm"},{"issue":"9","key":"4734_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2979","DOI":"10.1007\/s11255-025-04472-8","volume":"57","author":"MA Hamza","year":"2025","unstructured":"Hamza MA, Ullah S, Ahsan H, Ali W, Masud M, Ahmed A. Health literacy, illness perception, and their association with medication adherence in end-stage renal disease. Int Urol Nephrol. 2025;57(9):2979\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11255-025-04472-8. Epub 2025 Apr 4. PMID: 40183883; PMCID: PMC12350584.","journal-title":"Int Urol Nephrol"},{"issue":"11","key":"4734_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2185","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.2620","volume":"24","author":"RJ Janse","year":"2022","unstructured":"Janse RJ, Fu EL, Dahlstr\u00f6m U, Benson L, Lindholm B, van Diepen M, et al. Use of guideline-recommended medical therapy in patients with heart failure and chronic kidney disease: from physician\u2019s prescriptions to patient\u2019s dispensations, medication adherence and persistence. Eur J Heart Fail. 2022;24(11):2185\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejhf.2620. Epub 2022 Aug 2.","journal-title":"Eur J Heart Fail"},{"key":"4734_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-025-02387-2","author":"Y Kanakubo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kanakubo Y, Inanaga R, Toida T, Aita T, Ukai M, Kawaji A, et al. Trust in physicians as a mediator of the relationship between person-centered care and medication adherence in patients undergoing hemodialysis: a cross-sectional study. J Nephrol. 2025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40620-025-02387-2. Epub ahead of print. Erratum in: J Nephrol. 2025 Oct 29. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40620-025-02457-5. PMID: 40828491.","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4734_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.4103\/injms.injms_46_23","volume":"14","author":"S Kaul","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kaul S, Ahsan A, Singh NP, Khullar D, Gupta AK. Evaluation of medication adherence in chronic kidney disease patients with and without Hemodialysis. Indian J Med Spec. 2023;14(3):162\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/injms.injms_46_23.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Spec"},{"key":"4734_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s11096-020-00982-w","volume":"42","author":"A Khokhar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khokhar A, Khan YH, Mallhi TH, et al. Effectiveness of pharmacist intervention model for chronic kidney disease patients; a prospective comparative study. Int J Clin Pharm. 2020;42:625\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11096-020-00982-w.","journal-title":"Int J Clin Pharm"},{"issue":"11","key":"4734_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1294","DOI":"10.1007\/s11606-016-3757-4","volume":"31","author":"IM Kronish","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kronish IM, Moise N, McGinn T, Quan Y, Chaplin W, Gallagher BD, et al. An electronic adherence measurement intervention to reduce clinical inertia in the treatment of uncontrolled hypertension: the MATCH Cluster randomized clinical trial. J Gen Intern Med. 2016;31(11):1294\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11606-016-3757-4. Epub 2016 Jun 2.","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"4734_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5239","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.15872","volume":"26","author":"MCH Lassen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lassen MCH, Johansen ND, Modin D, Catarig AM, Vistisen BK, Amadid H, et al. Adherence to glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a nationwide registry study. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2024;26(11):5239\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/dom.15872. Epub 2024 Aug 31. PMID: 39215626.","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes Metab"},{"issue":"8","key":"4734_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-7061(96)00056-8","volume":"9","author":"JY Lee","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lee JY, Kusek JW, Greene PG, Bernhard S, Norris K, Smith D, et al. Assessing medication adherence by pill count and electronic monitoring in the African American Study of Kidney Disease and Hypertension (AASK) pilot study. Am J Hypertens. 1996;9(8):719\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0895-7061(96)00056-8.","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"issue":"1","key":"4734_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-024-03911-5","volume":"26","author":"C Ling","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ling C, Ouyang Y, Cao J, Bi J, Zhang Y. A survey on medication adherence and influencing factors among 226 peritoneal dialysis patients in a primary hospital in China. BMC Nephrol. 2025;26(1):3. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12882-024-03911-5. PMID: 39748292; PMCID: PMC11697927.","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"issue":"20","key":"4734_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3572","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000003572","volume":"95","author":"YT Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li YT, Wang HHX, Liu KQL, Lee GKY, Chan WM, Griffiths SM, et al. Medication adherence and blood pressure control among hypertensive patients with coexisting long-term conditions in primary care settings: a cross-sectional analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95(20):e3572. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000003572. Erratum in: Medicine (Baltimore). 2017;96(32):e7831. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000007831.","journal-title":"Medicine (baltimore)"},{"issue":"12","key":"4734_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2287","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2015.1098598","volume":"31","author":"G Machnicki","year":"2015","unstructured":"Machnicki G, Ong SH, Chen W, Wei ZJ, Kahler KH. Comparison of amlodipine\/valsartan\/hydrochlorothiazide single pill combination and free combination: adherence, persistence, healthcare utilization and costs. Curr Med Res Opin. 2015;31(12):2287\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1185\/03007995.2015.1098598. Epub 2015 Nov 11.","journal-title":"Curr Med Res Opin"},{"issue":"1","key":"4734_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.20473\/jn.v19i1.49247","volume":"19","author":"F Mailani","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mailani F, Febriyana I, Rahman D, Sarfika R, Muliantino MR. Good health literacy leads to better quality of life and medication adherence among hemodialysis patients. J Ners. 2024;19(1):32\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.20473\/jn.v19i1.49247.","journal-title":"J Ners"},{"issue":"1","key":"4734_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-024-03902-6","volume":"25","author":"G Mohammadnezhad","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mohammadnezhad G, Ehdaivand S, Sebty M, Azadmehr B, Ziaie S, Esmaily H. Chronic kidney disease and adherence improvement program by clinical pharmacist-provided medication therapy management; a quasi-experimental assessment of patients\u2019 self-care perception and practice. BMC Nephrol. 2024;25(1):463. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12882-024-03902-6. PMID: 39696084; PMCID: PMC11658402.","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4734_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2010.02.348","volume":"56","author":"P Muntner","year":"2010","unstructured":"Muntner P, Judd SE, Krousel-Wood M, McClellan WM, Safford MM. Low medication adherence and hypertension control among adults with CKD: data from the REGARDS (Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke) study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2010;56(3):447\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.ajkd.2010.02.348. Epub 2010 May 14.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"4734_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239920262095408","DOI":"10.1177\/2399202620954089","volume":"4","author":"RN Okoro","year":"2020","unstructured":"Okoro RN, Ummate I, Ohieku JD, Yakubu S, Adibe MO, Okonta MJ. Evaluation of medication adherence and predictors of sub-optimal adherence among pre-dialysis patients with chronic kidney disease. Med Access Point Care. 2020;4:2399202620954089. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2399202620954089.","journal-title":"Med Access Point Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"4734_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.18553\/jmcp.2014.20.8.862","volume":"20","author":"H Park","year":"2014","unstructured":"Park H, Rascati KL, Lawson KA, Barner JC, Richards KM, Malone DC. Adherence and persistence to prescribed medication therapy among medicare part D beneficiaries on dialysis: comparisons of benefit type and benefit phase. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2014;20(8):862\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18553\/jmcp.2014.20.8.862.","journal-title":"J Manag Care Spec Pharm"},{"issue":"1","key":"4734_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-018-4044-x","volume":"34","author":"CS Pruette","year":"2019","unstructured":"Pruette CS, Coburn SS, Eaton CK, Brady TM, Tuchman S, Mendley S, et al. Does a multimethod approach improve identification of medication nonadherence in adolescents with chronic kidney disease? Pediatr Nephrol. 2019;34(1):97\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-018-4044-x. Epub 2018 Aug 16.","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"2","key":"4734_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.4939","volume":"29","author":"X Qin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qin X, Hung J, Knuiman MW, Briffa TG, Teng TK, Sanfilippo FM. Comparison of medication adherence measures derived from linked administrative data and associations with mortality using restricted cubic splines in heart failure patients. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2020;29(2):208\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pds.4939. Epub 2020 Jan 20.","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"4734_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2020-1","DOI":"10.7573\/dic.2020-1-1","volume":"9","author":"A Roggeri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Roggeri A, Conte F, Rossi C, Cozzolino M, Zocchetti C, Roggeri DP. Cinacalcet adherence in dialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism in Lombardy region: clinical implications and costs. Drugs Context. 2020;9:2020-1-1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7573\/dic.2020-1-1.","journal-title":"Drugs Context"},{"issue":"2","key":"4734_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-021-01070-6","volume":"35","author":"A Santoro","year":"2022","unstructured":"Santoro A, Perrone V, Giacomini E, Sangiorgi D, Alessandrini D, Degli Esposti L. Association between hyperkalemia, RAASi non-adherence and outcomes in chronic kidney disease. J Nephrol. 2022;35(2):463\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40620-021-01070-6. Epub 2021 Jun 11.","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"issue":"6","key":"4734_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541","DOI":"10.1159\/000321688","volume":"32","author":"KE Schmitt","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schmitt KE, Edie CF, Laflam P, Simbartl LA, Thakar CV. Adherence to antihypertensive agents and blood pressure control in chronic kidney disease. Am J Nephrol. 2010;32(6):541\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000321688. Epub 2010 Nov 2.","journal-title":"Am J Nephrol"},{"key":"4734_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S350867","volume":"16","author":"C Shayakul","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shayakul C, Teeraboonchaikul R, Susomboon T, Kulabusaya B, Pudchakan P. Medication adherence, complementary medicine usage and progression of diabetic chronic kidney disease in thais. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2022;16:467\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/PPA.S350867.","journal-title":"Patient Prefer Adherence"},{"key":"4734_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcte.2020.100225","volume":"20","author":"Y Tang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tang Y, Weiss T, Liu J, Rajpathak S, Khunti K. Metformin adherence and discontinuation among patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study. J Clin Transl Endocrinol. 2020;20:100225. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcte.2020.100225.","journal-title":"J Clin Transl Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4734_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17010371","volume":"17","author":"WH Tesfaye","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tesfaye WH, McKercher C, Peterson GM, Castelino RL, Jose M, Zaidi STR, et al. Medication adherence, burden and health-related quality of life in adults with predialysis chronic kidney disease: a prospective cohort study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(1):371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17010371.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"4734_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.2147\/PPA.S162965","volume":"12","author":"I Tilea","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tilea I, Petra D, Voidazan S, Ardeleanu E, Varga A. Treatment adherence among adult hypertensive patients: a cross-sectional retrospective study in primary care in Romania. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2018;12:625\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/PPA.S162965.","journal-title":"Patient Prefer Adherence"},{"issue":"6","key":"4734_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-014-0062-3","volume":"27","author":"YP Van Camp","year":"2014","unstructured":"Van Camp YP, Vrijens B, Abraham I, Van Rompaey B, Elseviers MM. Adherence to phosphate binders in hemodialysis patients: prevalence and determinants. J Nephrol. 2014;27(6):673\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40620-014-0062-3. Epub 2014 Feb 22.","journal-title":"J Nephrol"},{"issue":"7","key":"4734_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e69060","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0069060","volume":"8","author":"TL Vasylyeva","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vasylyeva TL, Singh R, Sheehan C, Chennasamudram SP, Hernandez AP. Self-reported adherence to medications in a pediatric renal clinic: psychological aspects. PLoS One. 2013;8(7):e69060. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0069060.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"4734_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217047","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/217047","volume":"2015","author":"WY Lam","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lam WY, Fresco P. Medication adherence measures: an overview. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015:217047. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2015\/217047.","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"4734_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-198601000-00007","volume":"24","author":"DE Morisky","year":"1986","unstructured":"Morisky DE, Green LW, Levine DM. Concurrent and predictive validity of a self-reported measure of medication adherence. Med Care. 1986;24:67\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005650-198601000-00007.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"4734_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.5539\/gjhs.v7n4p173","volume":"7","author":"Y Moharamzad","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moharamzad Y, Saadat H, Nakhjavan Shahraki B, Rai A, Saadat Z, Aerab-Sheibani H, et al. Validation of the persian version of the 8-item Morisky medication adherence scale (MMAS-8) in Iranian hypertensive patients. Glob J Health Sci. 2015;7(4):173\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5539\/gjhs.v7n4p173.","journal-title":"Glob J Health Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"4734_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9088","DOI":"10.21037\/apm-21-1878","volume":"10","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Wang R, Chen Q, Dong S, Guo X, Feng Z, et al. Reliability and validity of a modified 8-item Morisky medication adherence scale in patients with chronic pain. Ann Palliat Med. 2021;10(8):9088\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/apm-21-1878.","journal-title":"Ann Palliat Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"4734_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0187139","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0187139","volume":"12","author":"SJ Moon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Moon SJ, Lee WY, Hwang JS, Hong YP, Morisky DE. Accuracy of a screening tool for medication adherence: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the Morisky medication adherence scale-8. PLoS One. 2017;12(11):e0187139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0187139. Erratum in: PLoS One. 2018 Apr 17;13(4):e0196138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0196138.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"3","key":"4734_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1111\/bcp.12194","volume":"77","author":"TM Nguyen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nguyen TM, Caze AL, Cottrell N. What are validated self-report adherence scales really measuring? A systematic review. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2014;77(3):427\u201345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bcp.12194. 2-s2.0-84894474717.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"9","key":"4734_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1007\/s00198-023-06789-5","volume":"34","author":"E Hesari","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hesari E, Sanjari M, Mansourzadeh MJ, Fahimfar N, Khalagi K, Ghazbani A, et al. Osteoporosis medication adherence tools: a systematic review. Osteoporos Int. 2023;34(9):1535\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00198-023-06789-5. Epub 2023 Jun 8.","journal-title":"Osteoporos Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"4734_CR73","first-page":"377","volume":"37","author":"Y Kim","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kim Y, Evangelista LS, Phillips LR, Pavlish C, Kopple JD. The end-stage renal disease adherence questionnaire (ESRD-AQ): testing the psychometric properties in patients receiving in-center hemodialysis. Nephrol Nurs J. 2010;37(4):377\u201393.","journal-title":"Nephrol Nurs J"},{"key":"4734_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3e12","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2006.00139.x","volume":"10","author":"AM Peterson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Peterson AM, Nau DP, Cramer JA, et al. A checklist for medication compliance and persistence studies using retrospective databases. Value Health. 2007;10:3e12.","journal-title":"Value Health"}],"container-title":["BMC Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12882-025-04734-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12882-025-04734-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12882-025-04734-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T14:20:22Z","timestamp":1771338022000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12882-025-04734-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4734"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12882-025-04734-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2369"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2369","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 June 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was not required for this type of study at the host institution. Consent to participate is not applicable here.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Consent for publication is not applicable for this study type.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"124"}}