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S100A12, a pro-inflammatory calcium-binding protein, may contribute to sepsis-induced renal injury through oxidative and immune-mediated mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate the association between plasma S100A12 levels and the risk of SA-AKI in a prospective sepsis cohort.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this prospective cohort study, 202 adult patients with sepsis were consecutively enrolled. Plasma S100A12 levels were measured at enrollment. Associations between S100A12 (continuous and tertiles) and SA-AKI were assessed using multivariable logistic regression (Models 1\u20133) with progressive adjustment for clinical and laboratory covariates. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression and Cox proportional-hazards models were applied to evaluate dose\u2013response and temporal relationships. Predictive performance was assessed using receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      SA-AKI occurred in 59.9% of participants. S100A12 concentrations were positively associated with SA-AKI risk. After adjustment for confounders, elevated S100A12 was independently associated with SA-AKI (odds ratio 1.17, 95% CI 1.11\u20131.24,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). No significant interactions were observed across predefined subgroups (all p for interaction\u2009&gt;\u20090.05). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.839 (95% CI 0.783\u20130.895).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher plasma S100A12 levels were independently associated with the development of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury in critically ill patients with sepsis. S100A12 may represent a candidate biomarker for early risk stratification in SA-AKI; however, external validation in larger, multicenter cohorts is required before any potential clinical application.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This prospective observational study was retrospectively registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2400094790) on December 27, 2024, after ethics approval, as no interventional procedures were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-026-04760-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]],"date-time":"2026-01-22T06:55:17Z","timestamp":1769064917000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Association between S100 calcium-binding protein A12 and sepsis associated-acute kidney injury: a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Huanqin","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengjia","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumei","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qingjie","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanan","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Feng","family":"Qu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jikui","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"4760_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","volume":"315","author":"M Singer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, Shankar-Hari M, Annane D, Bauer M, et al. 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