{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T18:00:50Z","timestamp":1781632850289,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769990400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":28,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Nephrol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The COVID-19 pandemic underscored the critical importance of hygiene, particularly among high-risk populations such as haemodialysis patients. Maintaining strict hygiene and infection-control measures is therefore vital for this group. However, excessive hygiene routines may also affect patients\u2019 daily lives and overall well-being. In this study aims to determine the personal protective attitudes of hemodialysis patients during the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact of increased hygiene behaviors on quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2021 and January 2022 in three dialysis centres across T\u00fcrkiye with 383 adult haemodialysis patients. Data were collected face-to-face interviews using the COVID-19 Hygiene Scale and the COVID-19 Impact on Quality of Life Scale. Statistical analyses included Chi-square, Kruskal\u2013Wallis, Mann\u2013Whitney U, and Pearson correlation tests, with\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05 considered significant.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Female patients scored significantly higher than males in \u201cchanged hygiene behaviours\u201d, \u201chome hygiene\u201d, and \u201chygiene after returning home\u201d. Participants younger than 65 years showed greater adherence to hygiene practices after returning home. Higher income levels were associated with better compliance with \u201csocial distancing and mask use\u201d and \u201cshopping hygiene\u201d. There was a negative correlation between the quality of life scale and hygiene behaviors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Haemodialysis patients demonstrated strong adherence to hygiene measures during the COVID-19 pandemic; however, excessive hygiene behaviours were negatively associated with quality of life. These findings highlight the importance of adopting balanced, patient-centred infection-control strategies that support both behavioural adherence and overall well-being.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical trial number<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Not applicable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-026-04768-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]],"date-time":"2026-02-02T13:28:21Z","timestamp":1770038901000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Hygiene behaviours and protective attitudes in haemodialysis patients during COVID-19: impact on quality of life"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Sukran","family":"Bicakci","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Silva Polat","family":"Sari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehtap","family":"Sonmez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2764-1823","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reyhan","family":"Caliskan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"4768_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). Coronavirus. [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; [cited 2025 Apr 11]. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/westernpacific\/health-topics\/detail\/coronavirus"},{"key":"4768_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"778037","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.778037","volume":"10","author":"S Siddiqui","year":"2022","unstructured":"Siddiqui S, Alhamdi HWS, Alghamdi HA. Recent chronology of COVID-19 pandemic. Front Public Health. 2022;10:778037.","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"4768_CR3","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): People with certain medical conditions and COVID-19 risk factors. CDC. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/covid\/risk-factors\/index.html"},{"key":"4768_CR4","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Underlying conditions and the higher risk for severe COVID-19. CDC. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/covid\/hcp\/clinical-care\/underlying-conditions.html"},{"issue":"49","key":"4768_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6949e2","volume":"69","author":"MA Honein","year":"2020","unstructured":"Honein MA, Christie A, Rose DA, et al. Summary of guidance for public health strategies to address high levels of community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and related deaths, December 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(49):1860\u20137.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"4768_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-11111-1","volume":"21","author":"I Ayouni","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ayouni I, Maatoug J, Dhouib W, et al. Effective public health measures to mitigate the spread of COVID-19: a systematic review. BMC Public Health. 2021;21(1):1015.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"37","key":"4768_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6937a6","volume":"69","author":"SJ Olsen","year":"2020","unstructured":"Olsen SJ, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Budd AP, et al. Decreased influenza activity during the COVID-19 Pandemic - United States, Australia, Chile, and South Africa, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(37):1305\u20139.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"4768_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2020006460","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-006460","volume":"146","author":"J Hatoun","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hatoun J, Correa ET, Donahue SMA, Vernacchio L. Social distancing for COVID-19 and diagnoses of other infectious diseases in children. Pediatrics. 2020;146(4):e2020006460.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"4768_CR9","first-page":"e1302","volume":"73","author":"BA Lopman","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lopman BA, Liu CY, Guillou AL, Handel A, Lash TL, Tallman GB, et al. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Gastrointestinal infection trends in the united states: A population-based analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2021;73(6):e1302\u201310.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"4768_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e385","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00007-4","volume":"11","author":"Global Burden of Disease 2021 Health Financing Collaborator Network","year":"2023","unstructured":"Global Burden of Disease 2021 Health Financing Collaborator Network. Global investments in pandemic preparedness and COVID-19: development assistance and domestic spending on health between 1990 and 2026. Lancet Glob Health. 2023;11(3):e385\u2013413.","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"4768_CR11","first-page":"45","volume":"50","author":"Y Chow","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chow Y, Guo C. How COVID-19 changed hygiene habits and public perception: A review. Health Educ Behav. 2023;50(1):45\u201353.","journal-title":"Health Educ Behav"},{"key":"4768_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_370_24","volume":"14","author":"M Sahebanmaleki","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sahebanmaleki M, Askari A, Davood F, et al. Behavioral analysis and evolution of coronavirus encountering in iranians\u2019 from common beliefs to people\u2019s performance. J Educ Health Promot. 2025;14:144.","journal-title":"J Educ Health Promot"},{"issue":"2","key":"4768_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.34172\/ajehe.2022.4209","volume":"9","author":"M Maleki Roveshti","year":"2022","unstructured":"Maleki Roveshti M, Khajehnasiri G, Akhlaghi Pirposhteh E, Amanat N, Salehi Sahlabadi A, Vatani J, et al. A systematic review on the climate and ecosystem change associated with the COVID-19 epidemic: global challenges. Avicenna J Environ Health Eng. 2022;9(2):117\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34172\/ajehe.2022.4209.","journal-title":"Avicenna J Environ Health Eng"},{"key":"4768_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_420_20","volume":"9","author":"M Poursadeqiyan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Poursadeqiyan M, Bazrafshan E, Arefi MF. Review of environmental challenges and pandemic crisis of Covid-19. J Educ Health Promot. 2020;9:250.","journal-title":"J Educ Health Promot"},{"issue":"4","key":"4768_CR15","first-page":"717","volume":"66","author":"MF Arefi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Arefi MF, Poursadeqiyan M. A review of studies on the COVID-19 epidemic crisis disease with a preventive approach. Work. 2020;66(4):717\u201329.","journal-title":"Work"},{"issue":"5","key":"4768_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2021.01.003","volume":"77","author":"CM Hsu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hsu CM, Weiner DE, Aweh G, et al. COVID-19 among US Dialysis patients: risk factors and outcomes from a National Dialysis provider. Am J Kidney Dis. 2021;77(5):748\u2013e7561.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"4768_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfaa314","volume":"36","author":"ERA-EDTA Council; ERACODA Working Group","year":"2021","unstructured":"ERA-EDTA Council; ERACODA Working Group. Chronic kidney disease is a key risk factor for severe COVID-19: a call to action by the ERA-EDTA. Nephrol Dial Transpl. 2021;36(1):87\u201394.","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transpl"},{"issue":"5","key":"4768_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfaa069","volume":"35","author":"C Basile","year":"2020","unstructured":"Basile C, Combe C, Pizzarelli F, et al. Recommendations for the prevention, mitigation and containment of the emerging SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic in haemodialysis centres. Nephrol Dial Transpl. 2020;35(5):737\u201341.","journal-title":"Nephrol Dial Transpl"},{"issue":"1","key":"4768_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.5152\/turkjnephrol.2022.21234","volume":"31","author":"S \u00d6zt\u00fcrk","year":"2022","unstructured":"\u00d6zt\u00fcrk S, Velio\u011flu A, Tu\u011flular S. Recommendations for kidney patients in COVID-19 era: based on current evidence. Turk J Nephrol. 2022;31(1):7\u201316.","journal-title":"Turk J Nephrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4768_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-021-02281-6","volume":"22","author":"IW Apata","year":"2021","unstructured":"Apata IW, Cobb J, Navarrete J, Burkart J, Plantinga L, Lea JP. COVID-19 infection control measures and outcomes in urban Dialysis centers in predominantly African American communities. BMC Nephrol. 2021;22(1):81.","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4768_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2020.03.009","volume":"76","author":"R Wang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wang R, Liao C, He H, et al. COVID-19 in Hemodialysis patients: A report of 5 cases. Am J Kidney Dis. 2020;76(1):141\u20133.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"4768_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1409","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2020040470","volume":"31","author":"AM Valeri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Valeri AM, Robbins-Juarez SY, Stevens JS, et al. Presentation and outcomes of patients with ESKD and COVID-19. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2020;31(7):1409\u201315.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"8","key":"4768_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2020.06.003","volume":"5","author":"Y Ma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ma Y, Diao B, Lv X, et al. Epidemiological, Clinical, and immunological features of a cluster of COVID-19-Contracted Hemodialysis patients. Kidney Int Rep. 2020;5(8):1333\u201341.","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"4768_CR24","first-page":"133","volume":"8","author":"A Dargahi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dargahi A, Vosoughi Niri M, Zandian H, Poursadeqiyan M, Hamidzadeh Arbabi Y. Determinants of noncompliance with health guidelines related to COVID-19 in Ardebil, Iran based on network analysis process. Health Emerg Disasters Q. 2023;8(2):133\u201344.","journal-title":"Health Emerg Disasters Q"},{"key":"4768_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_1162_21","volume":"11","author":"MF Arefi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Arefi MF, Babaei AP, Barzanouni S, et al. Risk perception in the COVID-19 pandemic; a health promotion approach. J Educ Health Promot. 2022;11:118.","journal-title":"J Educ Health Promot"},{"issue":"1","key":"4768_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.04.030","volume":"98","author":"F Alberici","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alberici F, Delbarba E, Manenti C, et al. A report from the Brescia renal COVID task force on the clinical characteristics and short-term outcome of Hemodialysis patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Kidney Int. 2020;98(1):20\u20136.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"4768_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.04.031","volume":"98","author":"M Goicoechea","year":"2020","unstructured":"Goicoechea M, S\u00e1nchez C\u00e1mara LA, Mac\u00edas N, et al. COVID-19: clinical course and outcomes of 36 Hemodialysis patients in Spain. Kidney Int. 2020;98(1):27\u201334.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"4768_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-025-03946-2","volume":"26","author":"Z He","year":"2025","unstructured":"He Z, Peng Z, Gao N, et al. Risk factors for the mortality of Hemodialysis patients with COVID-19 in Northern Hunan province, China. BMC Nephrol. 2025;26(1):26.","journal-title":"BMC Nephrol"},{"issue":"8","key":"4768_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1080\/10410236.2010.521906","volume":"25","author":"CJ Carpenter","year":"2010","unstructured":"Carpenter CJ. A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of health belief model variables in predicting behavior. Health Commun. 2010;25(8):661\u20139.","journal-title":"Health Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"4768_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3534","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-024-20871-5","volume":"24","author":"X Zheng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zheng X, Yang Z, Liu S, Li Y, Wang A. Digital symptom management interventions for people with chronic kidney disease: a scoping review based on the UK medical research Council framework. BMC Public Health. 2024;24(1):3534.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"4768_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106990","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.106990","volume":"142","author":"P Bouwmans","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bouwmans P, Malahe SRK, Messchendorp AL, et al. Post COVID-19 condition imposes significant burden in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease: A nested case-control study. Int J Infect Dis. 2024;142:106990.","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"key":"4768_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2025.117907","volume":"378","author":"J Seeberg","year":"2025","unstructured":"Seeberg J, Roepstorff A, H\u00f8ybye MT. Biosocial vulnerabilities amidst the pandemic: instrumentalizing social life for biological control in denmark\u2019s COVID-19 response. Soc Sci Med. 2025;378:117907.","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"4768_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.7827\/TurkishStudies.45906","volume":"15","author":"B \u00c7i\u00e7ek","year":"2020","unstructured":"\u00c7i\u00e7ek B, \u015eahin H, Erkal S. Covid-19 Hijyen \u00d6l\u00e7e\u011fi: Bir \u00f6l\u00e7ek geli\u015ftirme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131. Turkish Stud. 2020;15(6):339\u201350.","journal-title":"Turkish Stud"},{"issue":"10","key":"4768_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2298","DOI":"10.1080\/07481187.2021.1925376","volume":"46","author":"A S\u00fcmen","year":"2022","unstructured":"S\u00fcmen A, Adibelli D. Adaptation of the COV19-QoL scale to Turkish culture: its psychometric properties in diagnosed and undiagnosed individuals. Death Stud. 2022;46(10):2298\u2013305.","journal-title":"Death Stud"},{"issue":"2","key":"4768_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/hdi.12905","volume":"25","author":"M Ibernon","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ibernon M, Bueno I, Rodr\u00edguez-Farr\u00e9 N, et al. The impact of COVID-19 in hemodialysis patients: experience in a hospital dialysis unit. Hemodial Int. 2021;25(2):205\u201313.","journal-title":"Hemodial Int"},{"issue":"1","key":"4768_CR36","first-page":"71","volume":"79","author":"M Ayd\u0131n","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ayd\u0131n M, Arslan F, \u00c7etinkaya \u00d6, G\u00fcltekin A. COVID-19 pandemisinin hijyen al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131klar\u0131na Etkisi ve ya\u015fam kalitesi Ile ili\u015fkisi: T\u00fcrkiye \u00f6rne\u011fi. T\u00fcrk Hijyen Ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi. 2022;79(1):71\u201380.","journal-title":"T\u00fcrk Hijyen Ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi"},{"issue":"1","key":"4768_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-14288-1","volume":"22","author":"J Tan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tan J, Yoshida Y, Ma KS, Mauvais-Jarvis F, Lee CC. Gender differences in health protective behaviours and its implications for COVID-19 pandemic in taiwan: a population-based study. BMC Public Health. 2022;22(1):1900.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"17","key":"4768_CR38","first-page":"5711","volume":"17","author":"D Glabska","year":"2020","unstructured":"Glabska D, Skolmowska D, Guzek D. Hand hygiene behaviors and health beliefs among Polish adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(17):5711.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"4768_CR39","first-page":"231","volume":"28","author":"A U\u011furlu-Kalkan","year":"2020","unstructured":"U\u011furlu-Kalkan A, Ko\u00e7 Z, Y\u0131ld\u0131r\u0131m G. COVID-19 pandemisinde bireylerin el hijyenine y\u00f6nelik bilgi ve davran\u0131\u015flar\u0131. Florence Nightingale Hem\u015firelik Dergisi. 2020;28(2):231\u20139.","journal-title":"Florence Nightingale Hem\u015firelik Dergisi"},{"issue":"1","key":"4768_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.52547\/johe.11.1.23","volume":"11","author":"A Arasteh","year":"2022","unstructured":"Arasteh A, Mostafavi S, Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari M, et al. Associations between wearing masks, hand washing, and the risk of COVID-19 contraction: a case-control study in the Northwest of Iran. J Occup Health Epidemiol. 2022;11(1):23\u201331.","journal-title":"J Occup Health Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4768_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2020.04.047","volume":"83","author":"M Singh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Singh M, Pawar M, Bothra A, Choudhary N. Overzealous hand hygiene during the COVID 19 pandemic causing an increased incidence of hand eczema among general population. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020;83(1):e37\u201341.","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"4768_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1177","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.20-0418","volume":"103","author":"AN Olaimat","year":"2020","unstructured":"Olaimat AN, Aolymat I, Elsahoryi N, Shahbaz HM, Holley RA. Attitudes, Anxiety, and behavioral practices regarding COVID-19 among university students in jordan: A Cross-Sectional study. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2020;103(3):1177\u201383.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"3","key":"4768_CR43","first-page":"713","volume":"69","author":"F Khajehnasiri","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khajehnasiri F, Zaroushani V, Poursadeqiyan M. Macro ergonomics and health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Work. 2021;69(3):713\u20134.","journal-title":"Work"},{"key":"4768_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.4103\/jehp.jehp_309_20","volume":"9","author":"M Poursadeqiyan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Poursadeqiyan M, Arefi MF, Khaleghi S, et al. Investigation of the relationship between the safety climate and occupational fatigue among the nurses of educational hospitals in Zabol. J Educ Health Promot. 2020;9:238.","journal-title":"J Educ Health Promot"},{"issue":"6","key":"4768_CR45","first-page":"1309","volume":"52","author":"AK Rouzbahani","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rouzbahani AK, Zaveh ZG, Poursadeqiyan M. The effect of SMS education on Self-Care training in diabetic patients in present new challenges. Iran J Public Health. 2023;52(6):1309\u201310.","journal-title":"Iran J Public Health"},{"issue":"6\u20137","key":"4768_CR46","first-page":"641","volume":"33","author":"M Bang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bang M, Lee M, Kim Y. The impact of COVID-19 preventive behaviors on psychological well-being in vulnerable populations: A Korean study. Asia Pac J Public Health. 2021;33(6\u20137):641\u20138.","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"4768_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph20021145","volume":"20","author":"K Czabanowska","year":"2023","unstructured":"Czabanowska K, Rethmeier L, Misiak M. Positive mental attitude as a key determinant of quality of life among medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023;20(2):1145.","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"4768_CR48","first-page":"523","volume":"67","author":"M Feiz Arefi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Feiz Arefi M, Babaei-Pouya A, Poursadeqiyan M. The health effects of quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic. Work. 2020;67(3):523\u20137.","journal-title":"Work"},{"issue":"6","key":"4768_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.55730\/1300-0144.5745","volume":"53","author":"A\u00c7 \u015eimsek","year":"2023","unstructured":"\u015eimsek A\u00c7, Buzgan T, Baran Aksakal FN, Birinci \u015e, \u015eirin H. Positive effects of health behaviors acquired during the COVID-19 pandemic process on the prevention of other infectious diseases. Turk J Med Sci. 2023;53(6):1756\u201366.","journal-title":"Turk J Med Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"4768_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1080\/17437199.2025.2496230","volume":"19","author":"X Zheng","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zheng X, Yang Z, Xu L, Wang A. Insights into the complexities of symptom management for Hemodialysis patients: a systematic review of qualitative studies. Health Psychol Rev. 2025;19(3):615\u201358.","journal-title":"Health Psychol Rev"}],"container-title":["BMC Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12882-026-04768-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12882-026-04768-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12882-026-04768-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T17:50:21Z","timestamp":1781632221000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12882-026-04768-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["4768"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12882-026-04768-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2369"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2369","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 May 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 January 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 February 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was obtained from Istanbul Ayd\u0131n University Non-Interventional Clinical Research Ethics Committee (No: 2021\/638), with prior permission from the Ministry of Health Scientific Research Platform. Informed consent was obtained from all participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval and constent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Constent for publication"}},{"value":"There was no AI in this study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Artifical intelligience politics"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"148"}}