{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:53:06Z","timestamp":1791334386595,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783728000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791331200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":88,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Nephrol"],"DOI":"10.1186\/s12882-026-05191-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T10:37:56Z","timestamp":1783766276000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A new conceptual framework for PKD1 in ADPKD; integrating DNA structures and inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Leslyn A.","family":"Hanakahi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tara","family":"Subrahmanyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gregory B.","family":"Vanden Heuvel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erik D.","family":"Larson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"5191_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1002\/wdev.152","volume":"3","author":"BM Paul","year":"2014","unstructured":"Paul BM, Vanden Heuvel GB. Kidney: polycystic kidney disease. WIREs Dev Biol. 2014, Nov, 1;3(6):465\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/wdev.152 PubMed PMID: 25186187.","journal-title":"WIREs Dev Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5191_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.00550110","volume":"5","author":"JJ Grantham","year":"2010","unstructured":"Grantham JJ, Cook LT, Wetzel LH, Cadnapaphornchai MA, Bae KT. Evidence of extraordinary growth in the progressive enlargement of renal cysts. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2010, May, 1;5(5):889\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2215\/CJN.00550110 PubMed PMID: 20360307.","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5191_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.3390\/reports8020056","volume":"8","author":"E Gyokova","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gyokova E, Hristova-Atanasova E, Odumosu E, Andreeva A. Prenatal Diagnosis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: case report. Reports. 2025, Apr, 23;8(2):56. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/reports8020056.","journal-title":"Reports"},{"key":"5191_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2018.05.002","volume-title":"Kidney international Reports","author":"M Aldridge","year":"2018","unstructured":"Aldridge M, Patel C, Mallett A, Adpkd TPAD. Kidney international Reports. Elsevier Inc; 2018. p. 1214\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ekir.2018.05.002."},{"issue":"23","key":"5191_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21238936","volume":"21","author":"M Fragiadaki","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fragiadaki M, Macleod FM, Ong ACM. The controversial role of fibrosis in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. IJMS. 2020;21(23):1\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21238936 PubMed PMID: 33255651.","journal-title":"IJMS"},{"issue":"8","key":"5191_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1783","volume":"14","author":"X Li","year":"2008","unstructured":"Li X, Magenheimer BS, Xia S, Johnson T, Wallace DP, Calvet JP, et al. A tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1\u2013mediated pathway promoting autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Nat Med. 2008;14(8):863\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm1783.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"5191_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2010","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2013020176","volume":"24","author":"LX Fan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fan LX, Zhou X, Sweeney WE, Wallace DP, Avner ED, Grantham JJ, et al. Smac-Mimetic\u2013Induced epithelial Cell death reduces the growth of renal cysts. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2013;24(12):2010\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2013020176.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"5191_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhou JX, Fan LX, Li X, Calvet JP, Li X. TNF\u03b1 signaling regulates cystic epithelial cell proliferation through Akt\/mTOR and ERK\/MAPK\/Cdk2 mediated Id2 signaling. PLoS ONE. 2015;10(6):e0131043. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0131043.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0131043"},{"issue":"6","key":"5191_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2399","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI80467","volume":"125","author":"L Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen L, Zhou X, Fan LX, Yao Y, Swenson-Fields KI, Gadjeva M, et al. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor promotes cyst growth in polycystic kidney disease. J Clin Invest. 2015;125(6):2399\u2013412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI80467.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"9","key":"5191_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.34067\/KID.0000000000000525","volume":"5","author":"S Arjune","year":"2024","unstructured":"Arjune S, Lettenmeier K, Todorova P, Spath MR, Majjouti M, Mahabir E, et al. Inflammatory cytokine levels in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Kidney360. 20240724th ed. 2024;5(9):1289\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34067\/KID.0000000000000525 PubMed PMID: 39046800.","journal-title":"Kidney360"},{"issue":"5","key":"5191_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.2012.446","volume":"83","author":"KI Swenson-Fields","year":"2013","unstructured":"Swenson-Fields KI, Vivian CJ, Salah SM, Peda JD, Davis BM, Van Rooijen N, et al. Macrophages promote polycystic kidney disease progression. Kidney Int. 2013;83(5):855\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.2012.446.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"2","key":"5191_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2025.101694","volume":"13","author":"C Xue","year":"2026","unstructured":"Xue C, Li X, Zhou C, Mei C, Mao Z. Immune microenvironment in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Genes & Dis. 2026;13(2):101694. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gendis.2025.101694.","journal-title":"Genes & Dis"},{"key":"5191_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Song CJ, Zimmerman KA, Henke SJ, Yoder BK. Inflammation and fibrosis in polycystic kidney disease. Results and problems in cell differentiation. 2017;323\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-3-319-51436-9_12. Springer Verlag PubMed PMID: 28409351.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-51436-9_12"},{"issue":"3","key":"5191_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1053\/j.akdh.2023.03.001","volume":"30","author":"J Qiu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Qiu J, Germino GG, Menezes LF. Mechanisms of cyst development in polycystic kidney disease. Adv Kidney Disease Health. 2023, May;30(3):209\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.akdh.2023.03.001.","journal-title":"Adv Kidney Disease Health"},{"issue":"15","key":"5191_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.3390\/cells14151203","volume":"14","author":"Q Al-Orjani","year":"2025","unstructured":"Al-Orjani Q, Alshriem LA, Gallagher G, Buqaileh R, Azizi N, AbouAlaiwi W. Mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of polycystic kidney disease. Cells. 2025;14(15):1203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells14151203.","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"1","key":"5191_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2017050483","volume":"29","author":"E Cornec-Le Gall","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cornec-Le Gall E, Torres VE, Harris PC. Genetic complexity of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney and liver diseases. JASN. 2018, Jan, 1;29(1):13\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2017050483 PubMed PMID: 29038287.","journal-title":"JASN"},{"key":"5191_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1053\/j.akdh.2023.04.004","volume-title":"Genetic spectrum of polycystic kidney and liver diseases and the resulting phenotypes. Advances in kidney disease and Health","author":"H Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang H, Sieben CJ, Schauer RS, Harris PC. Genetic spectrum of polycystic kidney and liver diseases and the resulting phenotypes. Advances in kidney disease and Health. W.B. Saunders; 2023. p. 397\u2013406. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.akdh.2023.04.004."},{"issue":"8","key":"5191_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1239","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/7.8.1239","volume":"7","author":"TJ Watnick","year":"1998","unstructured":"Watnick TJ. Gene conversion is a likely cause of mutation in PKD1. Hum Mol Genet. 1998;7(8):1239\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/hmg\/7.8.1239.","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"issue":"6","key":"5191_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1007\/s004390050896","volume":"103","author":"M Koptides","year":"1998","unstructured":"Koptides M, Constantinides R, Kyriakides G, Hadjigavriel M, Patsalis PC, Pierides A, et al. Loss of heterozygosity in polycystic kidney disease with a missense mutation in the repeated region of PKD1. Hum Genet. 1998;103(6):709\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s004390050896.","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"issue":"12","key":"5191_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3114","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2021050690","volume":"32","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Bai H, Blumenfeld J, Ramnauth A, Barash I, Prince M, et al. Detection of PKD1 and PKD2 somatic variants in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney cyst epithelial cells by whole-genome sequencing. JASN. 2021, Dec, 1;32(12):3114\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2021050690 PubMed PMID: 34716216.","journal-title":"JASN"},{"issue":"2","key":"5191_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(00)80135-5","volume":"2","author":"TJ Watnick","year":"1998","unstructured":"Watnick TJ, Torres VE, Gandolph MA, Qian F, Onuchic LF, Klinger KW, et al. Somatic mutation in individual liver cysts supports a two-hit model of cystogenesis in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease one possible explanation for the focal nature of renal cyst formation. Mol Cell. 1998;2(2):247\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S1097-2765(00)80135-5.","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"5191_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Qian F, Watnick TJ, Onuchic LF, Germino G. The molecular basis of focal cyst formation in human autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease type I. Cell. 1996, Dec, 13;87(6):979\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0092-8674(00)81793-6.","DOI":"10.1016\/s0092-8674(00)81793-6"},{"issue":"8","key":"5191_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2139","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2017080878","volume":"29","author":"AY Tan","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tan AY, Zhang T, Michaeel A, Blumenfeld J, Liu G, Zhang W, et al. Somatic mutations in renal cyst epithelium in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. JASN. 2018, Aug, 1;29(8):2139\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2017080878 PubMed PMID: 30042192.","journal-title":"JASN"},{"issue":"3","key":"5191_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/8.3.509","volume":"8","author":"M Koptides","year":"1999","unstructured":"Koptides M. Germinal and somatic mutations in the PKD2 gene of renal cysts in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Hum Mol Genet. 1999;8(3):509\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/hmg\/8.3.509.","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"issue":"12","key":"5191_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2351","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2007101139","volume":"19","author":"A Takakura","year":"2008","unstructured":"Takakura A, Contrino L, Beck AW, Zhou J. Pkd1 inactivation induced in adulthood produces focal cystic disease. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2008;19(12):2351\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2007101139.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"7","key":"5191_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2019.04.018","volume":"4","author":"MB Lanktree","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lanktree MB, Guiard E, Li W, Akbari P, Haghighi A, Iliuta IA, et al. Intrafamilial variability of ADPKD. Kidney Int Rep. 2019;4(7):995\u20131003. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ekir.2019.04.018.","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"5191_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-6386(12)80956-5","volume":"19","author":"J Milutinovic","year":"1992","unstructured":"Milutinovic J, Rust PF, Fialkow PJ, Agodoa LY, Phillips LA, Rudd TG, et al. Intrafamilial phenotypic expression of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Am J Kidney Dis. 1992;19(5):465\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0272-6386(12)80956-5.","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"5191_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1997.300","volume":"52","author":"R Torra","year":"1997","unstructured":"Torra R, Badenas C, Darnell A, Br\u00fa C, Escorsell A, Estivill X. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease with anticipation and Caroli\u2019s disease associated with a PKD1 mutation rapid communication. Kidney Int. 1997;52(1):33\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.1997.300.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"5191_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.68.4.820","volume":"68","author":"AG Knudson","year":"1971","unstructured":"Knudson AG. Mutation and cancer: statistical study of retinoblastoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA [Internet]. 1971;68(4):820\u201323. Available from: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.68.4.820. https:\/\/www.pnas.org.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"21","key":"5191_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2385","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/10.21.2385","volume":"10","author":"W Lu","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lu W, et al. Comparison of Pkd1-targeted mutants reveals that loss of polycystin-1 causes cystogenesis and bone defects. Hum Mol Genet. 2001;10(21):2385\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/hmg\/10.21.2385.","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"5191_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1731","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.040550097","volume":"97","author":"K Kim","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kim K, Drummond I, Ibraghimov-Beskrovnaya O, Klinger K, Arnaout MA. Polycystin 1 is required for the structural integrity of blood vessels. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2000;97(4):1731\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.040550097.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"21","key":"5191_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12174","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.211191098","volume":"98","author":"C Boulter","year":"2001","unstructured":"Boulter C, Mulroy S, Webb S, Fleming S, Brindle K, Sandford R. Cardiovascular, skeletal, and renal defects in mice with a targeted disruption of the Pkd1 gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001;98(21):12174\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.211191098.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"5191_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Guay-Woodford LM. Murine models of polycystic kidney disease: molecular and therapeutic insights. Am J Physiol-Renal Physiol. 2003;285(6):F1034\u201349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajprenal.00195.2003.","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00195.2003"},{"issue":"12","key":"5191_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3035","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ASN.0000144204.01352.86","volume":"15","author":"KB Piontek","year":"2004","unstructured":"Piontek KB, Huso DL, Grinberg A, Liu L, Bedja D, Zhao H, et al. A functional floxed allele of Pkd1 that can be conditionally inactivated in vivo. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2004;15(12):3035\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/01.ASN.0000144204.01352.86.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"issue":"24","key":"5191_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3188","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddm299","volume":"16","author":"IS Lantinga-van Leeuwen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lantinga-van Leeuwen IS, Leonhard WN, van der Wal A, Breuning MH, de Heer E, Peters DJM, et al. Kidney-specific inactivation of the Pkd1 gene induces rapid cyst formation in developing kidneys and a slow onset of disease in adult mice. Hum Mol Genet. 2007;16(24):3188\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/hmg\/ddm299.","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"5191_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Piontek K, Menezes LF, Garcia-Gonzalez MA, Huso DL, Germino GG. A critical developmental switch defines the kinetics of kidney cyst formation after loss of Pkd1. Nat Med [Internet]. 2007. Available from: http:\/\/npg.nature.com\/reprintsandpermissions.","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1675"},{"key":"5191_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2020.109648","volume":"72","author":"C Formica","year":"2020","unstructured":"Formica C, Peters DJM. Molecular pathways involved in injury-repair and ADPKD progression. Cellular Signalling. 2020;72:72. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cellsig.2020.109648.","journal-title":"Cellular Signalling"},{"issue":"1","key":"5191_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15183","volume":"8","author":"B Milholland","year":"2017","unstructured":"Milholland B, Dong X, Zhang L, Hao X, Suh Y, Vijg J. Differences between germline and somatic mutation rates in humans and mice. Nat Commun. 2017;8(1):8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms15183.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"5191_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s003359900429","volume":"8","author":"C L\u00f6hning","year":"1997","unstructured":"L\u00f6hning C, Nowicka U, Frischauf AM. The mouse homolog of PKD1: sequence analysis and alternative splicing. Mamm Genome. 1997;8(5):307\u201311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s003359900429.","journal-title":"Mamm Genome"},{"issue":"2","key":"5191_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1007\/s003359900969","volume":"10","author":"KB Piontek","year":"1999","unstructured":"Piontek KB, Germino GG. Murine Pkd1 introns 21 and 22 lack the extreme polypyrimidine bias present in human PKD1. Mamm Genome. 1999, Feb;10(2):194\u201396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s003359900969.","journal-title":"Mamm Genome"},{"issue":"13","key":"5191_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2610","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/27.13.2610","volume":"27","author":"RT Blaszak","year":"1999","unstructured":"Blaszak RT, Potaman V, Sinden RR, Bissler JJ. DNA structural transitions within the PKD1 gene. Nucleic Acids Res. 1999;27(13):2610\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/27.13.2610.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"21","key":"5191_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18597","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M100845200","volume":"276","author":"A Bacolla","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bacolla A, Jaworski A, Connors TD, Wells RD. PKD1 unusual DNA conformations are recognized by nucleotide excision repair. J Biol Chem. 2001, Jan, 25;276(21):18597\u2013604. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M100845200 PubMed PMID: 11279140.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"4","key":"5191_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1089\/mcg.1996.1.317","volume":"1","author":"TJ Van Raay","year":"1996","unstructured":"Van Raay TJ, Burn TC, Connors TD, Petry LR, Germino GG, Klinger KW, et al. A 2.5 kb polypyrimidine tract in the PKD1 gene contains at least 23 H-DNA-Forming sequences. Genome Sci Technol. 1996;1(4):317\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/mcg.1996.1.317.","journal-title":"Genome Sci Technol"},{"issue":"40","key":"5191_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33412","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.402503","volume":"287","author":"G Liu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Liu G, Myers S, Chen X, Bissler JJ, Sinden RR, Leffak M. Replication fork stalling and checkpoint activation by a PKD1 locus mirror repeat polypurine-polypyrimidine (pu-py) tract. J Biol Chem. 2012, Sep, 28;287(40):33412\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M112.402503 PubMed PMID: 22872635.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"5191_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-55684-y","volume":"16","author":"AM Parsons","year":"2025","unstructured":"Parsons AM, Byrne S, Kooistra J, Dewey J, Zebolsky AL, Alvarado G, et al. G-quadruplex stabilization provokes DNA breaks in human PKD1, revealing a second hit mechanism for ADPKD. Nat Commun. 20250102nd ed. 2025;16(1):121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-55684-y PubMed PMID: 39747084.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"5191_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Parsons AM, Su K, Daniels M, Bouma GJ, Vanden Heuvel GB, Larson ED. Human PKD1 sequences form R-loop structures in vitro. Micropublications Biol. 2024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17912\/micropub.biology.001058 PubMed PMID: 38371318.","DOI":"10.17912\/micropub.biology.001058"},{"issue":"4","key":"5191_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkh312","volume":"32","author":"HP Patel","year":"2004","unstructured":"Patel HP. PKD1 intron 21: triplex DNA formation and effect on replication. Nucleic Acids Res. 2004;32(4):1460\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkh312 PubMed PMID: 14990751.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"5191_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2482","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2018040442","volume":"29","author":"WA Lea","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lea WA, Parnell SC, Wallace DP, Calvet JP, Zelenchuk L V, Alvarez NS, et al. Human-specific abnormal alternative splicing of wild-type PKD1 induces premature termination of polycystin-1. JASN. 2018, Oct, 1;29(10):2482\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2018040442 PubMed PMID: 30185468.","journal-title":"JASN"},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"5191_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.07.002","volume":"214","author":"RC Duardo","year":"2023","unstructured":"Duardo RC, Guerra F, Pepe S, Capranico G. Non-B DNA structures as a booster of genome instability. Biochimie. 20230708th ed. 2023;214(Pt A):176\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biochi.2023.07.002 PubMed PMID: 37429410.","journal-title":"Biochimie"},{"key":"5191_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"959258","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2022.959258","volume":"13","author":"A Bansal","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bansal A, Kaushik S, Kukreti S. Non-canonical DNA structures: diversity and disease association. Front Genet. 20220905th ed. 2022;13:959258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fgene.2022.959258 PubMed PMID: 36134025.","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"5191_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1080\/10409238.2022.2121803","volume":"57","author":"C Mellor","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mellor C, Perez C, Sale JE. Creation and resolution of non-B-DNA structural impediments during replication. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol. 20220928th ed. 2022;57(4):412\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10409238.2022.2121803 PubMed PMID: 36170051.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"5191_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3162","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25063162","volume":"25","author":"MC Dell\u2019oca","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dell\u2019oca MC, Quadri R, Bernini GM, Menin L, Grasso L, Rondelli D, et al. Spotlight on G-Quadruplexes: from structure and modulation to physiological and pathological roles. IJMS. 2024;25(6):3162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25063162.","journal-title":"IJMS"},{"issue":"2","key":"5191_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trechm.2019.07.002","volume":"2","author":"J Spiegel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Spiegel J, Adhikari S, Balasubramanian S. The structure and function of DNA G-Quadruplexes. Trends Chem. 2020;2(2):123\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trechm.2019.07.002.","journal-title":"Trends Chem"},{"issue":"5","key":"5191_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2017.3","volume":"18","author":"R H\u00e4nsel-Hertsch","year":"2017","unstructured":"H\u00e4nsel-Hertsch R, Di Antonio M, Balasubramanian S. DNA G-quadruplexes in the human genome: detection, functions and therapeutic potential. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2017;18(5):279\u201384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrm.2017.3.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"22","key":"5191_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12124","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkad948","volume":"51","author":"A Lorenzatti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lorenzatti A, Piga EJ, Gismondi M, Binolfi A, Margarit E, Calcaterra NB, et al. Genetic variations in G-quadruplex forming sequences affect the transcription of human disease-related genes. Nucleic Acids Res. 2023;51(22):12124\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nar\/gkad948 PubMed PMID: 37930868.","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"5191_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1743807","DOI":"10.1080\/23723556.2020.1743807","volume":"7","author":"JA McKinney","year":"2020","unstructured":"McKinney JA, Wang G, Vasquez KM. Distinct mechanisms of mutagenic processing of alternative DNA structures by repair proteins. Mol Cell Oncol. 20200402nd ed. Mol Cellular Oncol. 2020;7(3):1743807. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/23723556.2020.1743807 PubMed PMID: 32391433.","journal-title":"Mol Cellular Oncol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5191_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-13878-9","volume":"11","author":"JA McKinney","year":"2020","unstructured":"McKinney JA, Wang G, Mukherjee A, Christensen L, Subramanian SHS, Zhao J, et al. Distinct DNA repair pathways cause genomic instability at alternative DNA structures. Nat Commun. 2020, 20200113th ed;11(1):236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-019-13878-9 PubMed PMID: 31932649.","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"5191_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-009-0131-2","volume":"67","author":"J Zhao","year":"2010","unstructured":"Zhao J, Bacolla A, Wang G, Vasquez KM. Non-B DNA structure-induced genetic instability and evolution. Cell Mol Life Sci. 20090901st ed. 2010;67(1):43\u201362. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00018-009-0131-2 PubMed PMID: 19727556.","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"5191_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1259","DOI":"10.1038\/ki.1992.413","volume":"42","author":"M Zeier","year":"1992","unstructured":"Zeier M, Fehrenbach P, Geberth S, M\u00f6hring K, Waldherr R, Ritz E. Renal histology in polycystic kidney disease with incipient and advanced renal failure. Kidney Int. 1992;42(5):1259\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ki.1992.413.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"5191_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1100\/tsw.2007.274","volume":"7","author":"S Ibrahim","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ibrahim S. Increased apoptosis and proliferative capacity are early events in cyst formation in autosomal-dominant, polycystic kidney disease. Scientific World journal. 2007;7:1757\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1100\/tsw.2007.274.","journal-title":"ScientificWorldjournal"},{"issue":"3","key":"5191_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.98.3.790","volume":"98","author":"JJ Grantham","year":"2001","unstructured":"Grantham JJ, Calvet JP. Polycystic kidney disease: In danger of being X-rated? Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001;98(3):790\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.98.3.790.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"5","key":"5191_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/nep.12045","volume":"18","author":"MHT Ta","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ta MHT, Harris DCH, Rangan GK. Role of interstitial inflammation in the pathogenesis of polycystic kidney disease. Nephrology. 2013;18(5):317\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/nep.12045.","journal-title":"Nephrology"},{"issue":"2","key":"5191_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1038\/s41581-018-0108-1","volume":"15","author":"VE Torres","year":"2019","unstructured":"Torres VE, Harris PC. Progress in the understanding of polycystic kidney disease. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2019;15(2):70\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41581-018-0108-1.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Nephrol"},{"key":"5191_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cukoski S, M\u00fcller RU. The role of immune cells as modulators of progression in polycystic kidney disease. Kidney360. 2026, Jan, 21. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34067\/KID.0000001145.","DOI":"10.34067\/KID.0000001145"},{"issue":"1","key":"5191_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1016\/0888-7543(92)90214-D","volume":"13","author":"GG Germino","year":"1992","unstructured":"Germino GG, Weinstat-Saslow D, Himmelbauer H, Gillespie GAJ, Somlo S, Wirth B, et al. The gene for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease lies in a 750-kb CpG-rich region. Genomics. 1992;13(1):144\u201351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0888-7543(92)90214-D PubMed PMID: 1577479.","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"key":"5191_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Klawitter J, Reed-Gitomer BY, McFann K, Pennington A, Klawitter J, Abebe KZ, et al. Endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in polycystic kidney disease. Am J Physiol-Renal Physiol. 2014;307(11):F1198\u2013206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajprenal.00327.2014.","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00327.2014"},{"key":"5191_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lu Y, Sun Y, Liu Z, Lu Y, Zhu X, Lan B, et al. Activation of NRF2 ameliorates oxidative stress and cystogenesis in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Sci. Transl. Med [Internet]. 2020. Available from: https:\/\/www.science.org.","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.aba3613"},{"issue":"6","key":"5191_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1994","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21061994","volume":"21","author":"AS Kahveci","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kahveci AS, Barnatan TT, Kahveci A, Adrian AE, Arroyo J, Eirin A, et al. Oxidative stress and mitochondrial abnormalities contribute to decreased endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression and renal disease progression in early experimental polycystic kidney disease. IJMS. 2020, Mar, 1;21(6):1994. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21061994 PubMed PMID: 32183375.","journal-title":"IJMS"},{"issue":"5","key":"5191_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2021.01.011","volume":"191","author":"JQJ Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang JQJ, Saravanabavan S, Chandra AN, Munt A, Wong ATY, Harris PC, et al. Up-regulation of DNA damage response signaling in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Am J Pathol. 2021, May, 1;191(5):902\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajpath.2021.01.011 PubMed PMID: 33549515.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5191_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/0009-2797(91)90086-M","volume":"80","author":"B Epe","year":"1991","unstructured":"Epe B. Genotoxicity of singlet oxygen. Chemico-Biol Interact. 1991;80(3):239\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0009-2797(91)90086-M.","journal-title":"Chemico-Biol Interact"},{"key":"5191_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dnarep.2025.103913","volume":"156","author":"A Sethi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sethi A, Fern\u00e1ndez-Casa\u00f1as M, Delpino B, Coster G. How DNA secondary structures drive replication fork instability. DNA Repair (Amst). 2025;156:156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.dnarep.2025.103913.","journal-title":"DNA Repair (Amst)"},{"issue":"6","key":"5191_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2022.101947","volume":"298","author":"SD Rider","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rider SD, Gadgil RY, Hitch DC, Damewood FJ, Zavada N, Shanahan M, et al. Stable G-quadruplex DNA structures promote replication-dependent genome instability. J Biol Chem. 2022;298(6):101947. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbc.2022.101947 PubMed PMID: 35447109.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"12","key":"5191_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108546","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108546","volume":"33","author":"P Kotsantis","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kotsantis P, Segura-Bayona S, Margalef P, Marzec P, Ruis P, Hewitt G, et al. RTEL1 regulates G4\/R-Loops to avert replication-transcription collisions. Cell Rep. 2020, Dec, 22;33(12):108546. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2020.108546 PubMed PMID: 33357438.","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"5191_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Goehring L, Huang TT, Smith DJ. Transcription-replication conflicts as a source of genome instability. Annu Rev Genet. 2026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-genet-080320.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-genet-080320"},{"issue":"21","key":"5191_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11409","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1912355117","volume":"117","author":"S Roychoudhury","year":"2020","unstructured":"Roychoudhury S, Pramanik S, Harris HL, Tarpley M, Sarkar A, Spagnol G, et al. Endogenous oxidized DNA bases and APE1 regulate the formation of G-quadruplex structures in the genome. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2020;117(21):11409\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1912355117.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"16","key":"5191_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11364","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c00960","volume":"146","author":"AM Fleming","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fleming AM, Guerra Castanaza Jenkins BL, Buck BA, Burrows CJ. DNA damage accelerates G-Quadruplex folding in a duplex-G-Quadruplex-duplex context. J Am Chem Soc. 20240411th ed. 2024;146(16):11364\u201370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jacs.4c00960 PubMed PMID: 38602473.","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc"},{"issue":"11","key":"5191_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1779","DOI":"10.3390\/genes12111779","volume":"12","author":"M Stein","year":"2021","unstructured":"Stein M, Eckert KA. Impact of G-Quadruplexes and chronic inflammation on genome instability: additive effects during carcinogenesis. Genes (Basel). 20211109th ed. 2021;12(11):1779. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/genes12111779 PubMed PMID: 34828385.","journal-title":"Genes (Basel)"},{"issue":"22","key":"5191_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12599","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms222212599","volume":"22","author":"R Linke","year":"2021","unstructured":"Linke R, Limmer M, Juranek SA, Heine A, Paeschke K. The relevance of g-quadruplexes for dna repair. IJMS. 2021;22(22):12599. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms222212599 PubMed PMID: 34830478.","journal-title":"IJMS"},{"key":"5191_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kuznetsova AA, Fedorova OS, Kuznetsov NA. Lesion recognition and cleavage of damage-containing quadruplexes and bulged structures by DNA glycosylases. Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020, Nov, 30;8. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2020.595687.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2020.595687"},{"key":"5191_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cohen CB, Coombes MC, Merlo CP, Kontor CA, Meah R, Whitaker AM. Base excision repair within structure-forming repeat sequences and its impact on cancer and other diseases. NAR Cancer. 2025;7(4). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/narcan\/zcaf051.","DOI":"10.1093\/narcan\/zcaf051"},{"issue":"3","key":"5191_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-019-0206-3","volume":"21","author":"C Niehrs","year":"2020","unstructured":"Niehrs C, Luke B. Regulatory R-loops as facilitators of gene expression and genome stability. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2020;21(3):167\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41580-019-0206-3 PubMed PMID: 32005969.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"8","key":"5191_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-022-00474-x","volume":"23","author":"E Petermann","year":"2022","unstructured":"Petermann E, Lan L, Zou L. Sources, resolution and physiological relevance of R-loops and RNA\u2013DNA hybrids. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2022;23(8):521\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41580-022-00474-x PubMed PMID: 35459910.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5191_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gendis.2024.101401","volume":"12","author":"M Zhu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhu M, Wang X, Zhao H, Wang Z. Update on R-loops in genomic integrity: formation, functions, and implications for human diseases. Genes & Dis. 2025;12(4):101401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.gendis.2024.101401.","journal-title":"Genes & Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"5191_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3114","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2021050690","volume":"32","author":"Z Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang Z, Bai H, Blumenfeld J, Ramnauth AB, Barash I, Prince M, et al. Detection of PKD1 and PKD2 somatic variants in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney cyst epithelial cells by whole-genome sequencing. JASN. 20211201st ed. 2021;32(12):3114\u201329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2021050690 PubMed PMID: 34716216.","journal-title":"JASN"},{"issue":"2","key":"5191_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2007.10.003","volume":"91","author":"P Kozlowski","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kozlowski P, Bissler J, Pei Y, Kwiatkowski DJ. Analysis of PKD1 for genomic deletion by multiplex ligation-dependent probe assay: absence of hot spots. Genomics. 2008;91(2):203\u201308. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ygeno.2007.10.003.","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"5191_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1086\/316939","volume":"68","author":"S Rossetti","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rossetti S, Strmecki L, Gamble V, Burton S, Sneddon V, Peral B, et al. Mutation analysis of the entire PKD1 gene: genetic and diagnostic implications. Am J Hum Genet. 2001;68(1):46\u201363. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1086\/316939.","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"issue":"17","key":"5191_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4258","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20174258","volume":"20","author":"A Singh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Singh A, Kukreti R, Saso L, Kukreti S. Oxidative stress: role and response of short guanine tracts at genomic locations. IJMS. 2019;20(17):4258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms20174258 PubMed PMID: 31480304.","journal-title":"IJMS"},{"issue":"6","key":"5191_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2132","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.66003.x","volume":"66","author":"A Persu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Persu A, Duyme M, Pirson Y, Lens XM, Messiaen T, Breuning MH, et al. Comparison between siblings and twins supports a role for modifier genes in ADPKD. Kidney Int. 2004;66(6):2132\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1523-1755.2004.66003.x.","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"issue":"12","key":"5191_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3530","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016040425","volume":"27","author":"WN Leonhard","year":"2016","unstructured":"Leonhard WN, Happe H, Peters DJM. Variable cyst development in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease: the biologic context. JASN. 2016;27(12):3530\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2016040425.","journal-title":"JASN"},{"issue":"10","key":"5191_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox13101186","volume":"13","author":"S Subhash","year":"2024","unstructured":"Subhash S, Vijayvargiya S, Parmar A, Sandhu J, Simmons J, Raina R. Reactive oxygen species in cystic kidney disease. Antioxidants. 2024;13(10):1186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox13101186.","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"issue":"9","key":"5191_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1007\/s00467-011-1843-8","volume":"26","author":"JF Bertram","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bertram JF, Douglas-Denton RN, Diouf B, Hughson MD, Hoy WE. Human nephron number: implications for health and disease. Pediatr Nephrol. 2011;26(9):1529\u201333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00467-011-1843-8.","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"issue":"32","key":"5191_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12567","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.1c04426","volume":"143","author":"J Mitteaux","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mitteaux J, Lejault P, Wojciechowski F, Joubert A, Boudon J, Desbois N, et al. Identifying G-Quadruplex-DNA-Disrupting small molecules. J Am Chem Soc. 2021;143(32):12567\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jacs.1c04426.","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc"},{"key":"5191_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ali H, Al-Mulla F, Hussain N, Naim M, Asbeutah AM, AlSahow A, et al. PKD1 duplicated regions limit clinical utility of whole exome sequencing for genetic diagnosis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-40761-w.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-40761-w"}],"container-title":["BMC Nephrology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/s12882-026-05191-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12882-026-05191-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/s12882-026-05191-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:26:43Z","timestamp":1791332803000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1186\/s12882-026-05191-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["5191"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12882-026-05191-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2369"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2369","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This article uses the existing literature on ADPKD, G4 DNA, and inflammation to offer a new perspective on cyst initiation. No original research is presented making ethics committee, institutional review board, or informed consent not applicable.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"A patent to EDL and WMed, # PCT\/US2025\/046098 is a possible competing interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"591"}}